func startEth(ctx *cli.Context, eth *eth.Ethereum) {
	// Start Ethereum itself
	utils.StartEthereum(eth)

	am := eth.AccountManager()
	account := ctx.GlobalString(utils.UnlockedAccountFlag.Name)
	accounts := strings.Split(account, " ")
	for i, account := range accounts {
		if len(account) > 0 {
			if account == "primary" {
				utils.Fatalf("the 'primary' keyword is deprecated. You can use integer indexes, but the indexes are not permanent, they can change if you add external keys, export your keys or copy your keystore to another node.")
			}
			unlockAccount(ctx, am, account, i)
		}
	}
	// Start auxiliary services if enabled.
	if !ctx.GlobalBool(utils.IPCDisabledFlag.Name) {
		if err := utils.StartIPC(eth, ctx); err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("Error string IPC: %v", err)
		}
	}
	if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.RPCEnabledFlag.Name) {
		if err := utils.StartRPC(eth, ctx); err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("Error starting RPC: %v", err)
		}
	}
	if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MiningEnabledFlag.Name) {
		if err := eth.StartMining(ctx.GlobalInt(utils.MinerThreadsFlag.Name)); err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
		}
	}
}

// New creates an XEth that uses the given frontend.
// If a nil Frontend is provided, a default frontend which
// confirms all transactions will be used.
func New(ethereum *eth.Ethereum, frontend Frontend) *XEth {
	xeth := &XEth{
		backend:          ethereum,
		frontend:         frontend,
		quit:             make(chan struct{}),
		filterManager:    filter.NewFilterManager(ethereum.EventMux()),
		logQueue:         make(map[int]*logQueue),
		blockQueue:       make(map[int]*hashQueue),
		transactionQueue: make(map[int]*hashQueue),
		messages:         make(map[int]*whisperFilter),
		agent:            miner.NewRemoteAgent(),
	}
	if ethereum.Whisper() != nil {
		xeth.whisper = NewWhisper(ethereum.Whisper())
	}
	ethereum.Miner().Register(xeth.agent)
	if frontend == nil {
		xeth.frontend = dummyFrontend{}
	}
	xeth.state = NewState(xeth, xeth.backend.ChainManager().State())

	go xeth.start()
	go xeth.filterManager.Start()

	return xeth
}

// InsertPreState populates the given database with the genesis
// accounts defined by the test.
func (t *BlockTest) InsertPreState(ethereum *eth.Ethereum) (*state.StateDB, error) {
	db := ethereum.ChainDb()
	statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
	for addrString, acct := range t.preAccounts {
		addr, err := hex.DecodeString(addrString)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		code, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(acct.Code, "0x"))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		balance, ok := new(big.Int).SetString(acct.Balance, 0)
		if !ok {
			return nil, err
		}
		nonce, err := strconv.ParseUint(prepInt(16, acct.Nonce), 16, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		if acct.PrivateKey != "" {
			privkey, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(acct.PrivateKey, "0x"))
			err = crypto.ImportBlockTestKey(privkey)
			err = ethereum.AccountManager().TimedUnlock(common.BytesToAddress(addr), "", 999999*time.Second)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}

		obj := statedb.CreateAccount(common.HexToAddress(addrString))
		obj.SetCode(code)
		obj.SetBalance(balance)
		obj.SetNonce(nonce)
		for k, v := range acct.Storage {
			statedb.SetState(common.HexToAddress(addrString), common.HexToHash(k), common.HexToHash(v))
		}
	}
	// sync objects to trie
	statedb.SyncObjects()
	// sync trie to disk
	statedb.Sync()

	if !bytes.Equal(t.Genesis.Root().Bytes(), statedb.Root().Bytes()) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("computed state root does not match genesis block %x %x", t.Genesis.Root().Bytes()[:4], statedb.Root().Bytes()[:4])
	}
	return statedb, nil
}

func StartIPC(eth *eth.Ethereum, ctx *cli.Context) error {
	config := comms.IpcConfig{
		Endpoint: IpcSocketPath(ctx),
	}

	initializer := func(conn net.Conn) (shared.EthereumApi, error) {
		fe := useragent.NewRemoteFrontend(conn, eth.AccountManager())
		xeth := xeth.New(eth, fe)
		codec := codec.JSON

		apis, err := api.ParseApiString(ctx.GlobalString(IPCApiFlag.Name), codec, xeth, eth)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		return api.Merge(apis...), nil
	}

	return comms.StartIpc(config, codec.JSON, initializer)
}

func StartEthereum(ethereum *eth.Ethereum) {
	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Starting", ethereum.Name())
	if err := ethereum.Start(); err != nil {
		Fatalf("Error starting Shift: %v", err)
	}
	go func() {
		sigc := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
		signal.Notify(sigc, os.Interrupt)
		defer signal.Stop(sigc)
		<-sigc
		glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Got interrupt, shutting down...")
		go ethereum.Stop()
		logger.Flush()
		for i := 10; i > 0; i-- {
			<-sigc
			if i > 1 {
				glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Already shutting down, please be patient.")
				glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Interrupt", i-1, "more times to induce panic.")
			}
		}
		glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Force quitting: this might not end so well.")
		panic("boom")
	}()
}