func TestBrokenChain(t *testing.T) {
	db, err := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to create db:", err)
	}
	bman, err := newCanonical(10, db)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not make new canonical chain:", err)
	}
	db2, err := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to create db:", err)
	}
	bman2, err := newCanonical(10, db2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not make new canonical chain:", err)
	}
	bman2.bc.SetProcessor(bman2)
	parent := bman2.bc.CurrentBlock()
	chainB := makeChain(parent, 5, db2, forkSeed)
	chainB = chainB[1:]
	_, err = testChain(chainB, bman)
	if err == nil {
		t.Error("expected broken chain to return error")
	}
}

func runVmBench(test vmBench, b *testing.B) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	sender := state.NewStateObject(common.Address{}, db)

	if test.precompile && !test.forcejit {
		NewProgram(test.code)
	}
	env := NewEnv()

	EnableJit = !test.nojit
	ForceJit = test.forcejit

	b.ResetTimer()

	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		context := NewContext(sender, sender, big.NewInt(100), big.NewInt(10000), big.NewInt(0))
		context.Code = test.code
		context.CodeAddr = &common.Address{}
		_, err := New(env).Run(context, test.input)
		if err != nil {
			b.Error(err)
			b.FailNow()
		}
	}
}

func benchInsertChain(b *testing.B, disk bool, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) {
	// Create the database in memory or in a temporary directory.
	var db common.Database
	if !disk {
		db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	} else {
		dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "eth-core-bench")
		if err != nil {
			b.Fatalf("cannot create temporary directory: %v", err)
		}
		defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
		db, err = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(dir, 0)
		if err != nil {
			b.Fatalf("cannot create temporary database: %v", err)
		}
		defer db.Close()
	}

	// Generate a chain of b.N blocks using the supplied block
	// generator function.
	genesis := WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, benchRootAddr, benchRootFunds)
	chain := GenerateChain(genesis, db, b.N, gen)

	// Time the insertion of the new chain.
	// State and blocks are stored in the same DB.
	evmux := new(event.TypeMux)
	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(db, FakePow{}, evmux)
	chainman.SetProcessor(NewBlockProcessor(db, FakePow{}, chainman, evmux))
	defer chainman.Stop()
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	if i, err := chainman.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
		b.Fatalf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", i, err)
	}
}

func runOneBlockTest(ctx *cli.Context, test *tests.BlockTest) (*eth.Ethereum, error) {
	cfg := utils.MakeEthConfig(ClientIdentifier, Version, ctx)
	cfg.NewDB = func(path string) (common.Database, error) { return ethdb.NewMemDatabase() }
	cfg.MaxPeers = 0 // disable network
	cfg.Shh = false  // disable whisper
	cfg.NAT = nil    // disable port mapping

	ethereum, err := eth.New(cfg)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// if err := ethereum.Start(); err != nil {
	// 	return nil, err
	// }

	// import the genesis block
	ethereum.ResetWithGenesisBlock(test.Genesis)

	// import pre accounts
	statedb, err := test.InsertPreState(ethereum)
	if err != nil {
		return ethereum, fmt.Errorf("InsertPreState: %v", err)
	}

	if err := test.TryBlocksInsert(ethereum.ChainManager()); err != nil {
		return ethereum, fmt.Errorf("Block Test load error: %v", err)
	}

	if err := test.ValidatePostState(statedb); err != nil {
		return ethereum, fmt.Errorf("post state validation failed: %v", err)
	}
	return ethereum, nil
}

func TestPutReceipt(t *testing.T) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()

	var addr common.Address
	addr[0] = 1
	var hash common.Hash
	hash[0] = 2

	receipt := new(types.Receipt)
	receipt.SetLogs(state.Logs{&state.Log{
		Address:   addr,
		Topics:    []common.Hash{hash},
		Data:      []byte("hi"),
		Number:    42,
		TxHash:    hash,
		TxIndex:   0,
		BlockHash: hash,
		Index:     0,
	}})

	PutReceipts(db, types.Receipts{receipt})
	receipt = GetReceipt(db, common.Hash{})
	if receipt == nil {
		t.Error("expected to get 1 receipt, got none.")
	}
}

func TestTransactionDoubleNonce(t *testing.T) {
	pool, key := setupTxPool()
	addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
	resetState := func() {
		db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
		statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
		pool.currentState = func() *state.StateDB { return statedb }
		pool.currentState().AddBalance(addr, big.NewInt(100000000000000))
		pool.resetState()
	}
	resetState()

	tx := transaction(0, big.NewInt(100000), key)
	tx2 := transaction(0, big.NewInt(1000000), key)
	if err := pool.add(tx, false); err != nil {
		t.Error("didn't expect error", err)
	}
	if err := pool.add(tx2, false); err != nil {
		t.Error("didn't expect error", err)
	}

	pool.checkQueue()
	if len(pool.pending) != 2 {
		t.Error("expected 2 pending txs. Got", len(pool.pending))
	}
}

func setupTxPool() (*TxPool, *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)

	var m event.TypeMux
	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
	return NewTxPool(&m, func() *state.StateDB { return statedb }, func() *big.Int { return big.NewInt(1000000) }), key
}

func DeriveSha(list DerivableList) common.Hash {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	trie := trie.New(nil, db)
	for i := 0; i < list.Len(); i++ {
		key, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(uint(i))
		trie.Update(key, list.GetRlp(i))
	}

	return common.BytesToHash(trie.Root())
}

func create() (*ManagedState, *account) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	statedb := New(common.Hash{}, db)
	ms := ManageState(statedb)
	so := &StateObject{address: addr, nonce: 100}
	ms.StateDB.stateObjects[addr.Str()] = so
	ms.accounts[addr.Str()] = newAccount(so)

	return ms, ms.accounts[addr.Str()]
}

// use testing instead of checker because checker does not support
// printing/logging in tests (-check.vv does not work)
func TestSnapshot2(t *testing.T) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	state := New(common.Hash{}, db)

	stateobjaddr0 := toAddr([]byte("so0"))
	stateobjaddr1 := toAddr([]byte("so1"))
	var storageaddr common.Hash

	data0 := common.BytesToHash([]byte{17})
	data1 := common.BytesToHash([]byte{18})

	state.SetState(stateobjaddr0, storageaddr, data0)
	state.SetState(stateobjaddr1, storageaddr, data1)

	// db, trie are already non-empty values
	so0 := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr0)
	so0.balance = big.NewInt(42)
	so0.nonce = 43
	so0.gasPool = big.NewInt(44)
	so0.code = []byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e'}
	so0.codeHash = so0.CodeHash()
	so0.remove = true
	so0.deleted = false
	so0.dirty = false
	state.SetStateObject(so0)

	// and one with deleted == true
	so1 := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr1)
	so1.balance = big.NewInt(52)
	so1.nonce = 53
	so1.gasPool = big.NewInt(54)
	so1.code = []byte{'c', 'a', 'f', 'e', '2'}
	so1.codeHash = so1.CodeHash()
	so1.remove = true
	so1.deleted = true
	so1.dirty = true
	state.SetStateObject(so1)

	so1 = state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr1)
	if so1 != nil {
		t.Fatalf("deleted object not nil when getting")
	}

	snapshot := state.Copy()
	state.Set(snapshot)

	so0Restored := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr0)
	so1Restored := state.GetStateObject(stateobjaddr1)
	// non-deleted is equal (restored)
	compareStateObjects(so0Restored, so0, t)
	// deleted should be nil, both before and after restore of state copy
	if so1Restored != nil {
		t.Fatalf("deleted object not nil after restoring snapshot")
	}
}

func proc() (*BlockProcessor, *ChainManager) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	var mux event.TypeMux

	WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db, 0)
	chainMan, err := NewChainManager(db, thePow(), &mux)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
	return NewBlockProcessor(db, ezp.New(), chainMan, &mux), chainMan
}

func (test *BlockTest) makeEthConfig() *eth.Config {
	ks := crypto.NewKeyStorePassphrase(filepath.Join(common.DefaultDataDir(), "keystore"))

	return &eth.Config{
		DataDir:        common.DefaultDataDir(),
		Verbosity:      5,
		Etherbase:      common.Address{},
		AccountManager: accounts.NewManager(ks),
		NewDB:          func(path string) (common.Database, error) { return ethdb.NewMemDatabase() },
	}
}

func newProtocolManagerForTesting(txAdded chan<- []*types.Transaction) *ProtocolManager {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	core.WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db, 0)
	var (
		em       = new(event.TypeMux)
		chain, _ = core.NewChainManager(db, core.FakePow{}, em)
		txpool   = &fakeTxPool{added: txAdded}
		pm       = NewProtocolManager(NetworkId, em, txpool, core.FakePow{}, chain)
	)
	pm.Start()
	return pm
}

func testREPL(t *testing.T, config func(*eth.Config)) (string, *testjethre, *eth.Ethereum) {
	tmp, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "geth-test")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()

	core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, common.HexToAddress(testAddress), common.String2Big(testBalance))
	ks := crypto.NewKeyStorePlain(filepath.Join(tmp, "keystore"))
	am := accounts.NewManager(ks)
	conf := &eth.Config{
		NodeKey:        testNodeKey,
		DataDir:        tmp,
		AccountManager: am,
		MaxPeers:       0,
		Name:           "test",
		SolcPath:       testSolcPath,
		PowTest:        true,
		NewDB:          func(path string) (common.Database, error) { return db, nil },
	}
	if config != nil {
		config(conf)
	}
	ethereum, err := eth.New(conf)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("%v", err)
	}

	keyb, err := crypto.HexToECDSA(testKey)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	key := crypto.NewKeyFromECDSA(keyb)
	err = ks.StoreKey(key, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	err = am.Unlock(key.Address, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	assetPath := filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "src", "github.com", "ethereum", "go-ethereum", "cmd", "mist", "assets", "ext")
	client := comms.NewInProcClient(codec.JSON)
	ds := docserver.New("/")
	tf := &testjethre{ds: ds}
	repl := newJSRE(ethereum, assetPath, "", client, false, tf)
	tf.jsre = repl
	return tmp, tf, ethereum
}

func run(ctx *cli.Context) {
	vm.Debug = ctx.GlobalBool(DebugFlag.Name)
	vm.ForceJit = ctx.GlobalBool(ForceJitFlag.Name)
	vm.EnableJit = !ctx.GlobalBool(DisableJitFlag.Name)

	glog.SetToStderr(true)

	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
	sender := statedb.CreateAccount(common.StringToAddress("sender"))
	receiver := statedb.CreateAccount(common.StringToAddress("receiver"))
	receiver.SetCode(common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(CodeFlag.Name)))

	vmenv := NewEnv(statedb, common.StringToAddress("evmuser"), common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)))

	tstart := time.Now()
	ret, e := vmenv.Call(
		sender,
		receiver.Address(),
		common.Hex2Bytes(ctx.GlobalString(InputFlag.Name)),
		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(GasFlag.Name)),
		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(PriceFlag.Name)),
		common.Big(ctx.GlobalString(ValueFlag.Name)),
	)
	vmdone := time.Since(tstart)

	if ctx.GlobalBool(DumpFlag.Name) {
		fmt.Println(string(statedb.Dump()))
	}
	vm.StdErrFormat(vmenv.StructLogs())

	if ctx.GlobalBool(SysStatFlag.Name) {
		var mem runtime.MemStats
		runtime.ReadMemStats(&mem)
		fmt.Printf("vm took %v\n", vmdone)
		fmt.Printf(`alloc:      %d
tot alloc:  %d
no. malloc: %d
heap alloc: %d
heap objs:  %d
num gc:     %d
`, mem.Alloc, mem.TotalAlloc, mem.Mallocs, mem.HeapAlloc, mem.HeapObjects, mem.NumGC)
	}

	fmt.Printf("OUT: 0x%x", ret)
	if e != nil {
		fmt.Printf(" error: %v", e)
	}
	fmt.Println()
}

func benchVmTest(test VmTest, env map[string]string, b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
	for addr, account := range test.Pre {
		obj := StateObjectFromAccount(db, addr, account)
		statedb.SetStateObject(obj)
		for a, v := range account.Storage {
			obj.SetState(common.HexToHash(a), common.HexToHash(v))
		}
	}
	b.StartTimer()

	RunVm(statedb, env, test.Exec)
}

func TestNull(t *testing.T) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	state := New(common.Hash{}, db)

	address := common.HexToAddress("0x823140710bf13990e4500136726d8b55")
	state.CreateAccount(address)
	//value := common.FromHex("0x823140710bf13990e4500136726d8b55")
	var value common.Hash
	state.SetState(address, common.Hash{}, value)
	state.SyncIntermediate()
	state.Sync()
	value = state.GetState(address, common.Hash{})
	if !common.EmptyHash(value) {
		t.Errorf("expected empty hash. got %x", value)
	}
}

func NewTestManager() *TestManager {
	db, err := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Could not create mem-db, failing")
		return nil
	}

	testManager := &TestManager{}
	testManager.eventMux = new(event.TypeMux)
	testManager.db = db
	// testManager.txPool = NewTxPool(testManager)
	// testManager.blockChain = NewChainManager(testManager)
	// testManager.stateManager = NewStateManager(testManager)

	return testManager
}

func TestChainMultipleInsertions(t *testing.T) {
	t.Skip("Skipped: outdated test files")

	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()

	const max = 4
	chains := make([]types.Blocks, max)
	var longest int
	for i := 0; i < max; i++ {
		var err error
		name := "valid" + strconv.Itoa(i+1)
		chains[i], err = loadChain(name, t)
		if len(chains[i]) >= len(chains[longest]) {
			longest = i
		}
		fmt.Println("loaded", name, "with a length of", len(chains[i]))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println(err)
			t.FailNow()
		}
	}

	chainMan := theChainManager(db, t)

	done := make(chan bool, max)
	for i, chain := range chains {
		// XXX the go routine would otherwise reference the same (chain[3]) variable and fail
		i := i
		chain := chain
		go func() {
			insertChain(done, chainMan, chain, t)
			fmt.Println(i, "done")
		}()
	}

	for i := 0; i < max; i++ {
		<-done
	}

	if chains[longest][len(chains[longest])-1].Hash() != chainMan.CurrentBlock().Hash() {
		t.Error("Invalid canonical chain")
	}
}

func TestInsertNonceError(t *testing.T) {
	for i := 1; i < 25 && !t.Failed(); i++ {
		db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
		genesis, err := WriteTestNetGenesisBlock(db, 0)
		if err != nil {
			t.Error(err)
			t.FailNow()
		}
		bc := chm(genesis, db)
		bc.processor = NewBlockProcessor(db, bc.pow, bc, bc.eventMux)
		blocks := makeChain(bc.currentBlock, i, db, 0)

		fail := rand.Int() % len(blocks)
		failblock := blocks[fail]
		bc.pow = failpow{failblock.NumberU64()}
		n, err := bc.InsertChain(blocks)

		// Check that the returned error indicates the nonce failure.
		if n != fail {
			t.Errorf("(i=%d) wrong failed block index: got %d, want %d", i, n, fail)
		}
		if !IsBlockNonceErr(err) {
			t.Fatalf("(i=%d) got %q, want a nonce error", i, err)
		}
		nerr := err.(*BlockNonceErr)
		if nerr.Number.Cmp(failblock.Number()) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("(i=%d) wrong block number in error, got %v, want %v", i, nerr.Number, failblock.Number())
		}
		if nerr.Hash != failblock.Hash() {
			t.Errorf("(i=%d) wrong block hash in error, got %v, want %v", i, nerr.Hash, failblock.Hash())
		}

		// Check that all no blocks after the failing block have been inserted.
		for _, block := range blocks[fail:] {
			if bc.HasBlock(block.Hash()) {
				t.Errorf("(i=%d) invalid block %d present in chain", i, block.NumberU64())
			}
		}
	}
}