I think the best solution would be:
Author.includes(:articles).where(:articles=>{published: true}).find(params[:author_id])
Or you can create scope:
class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
scope :with_published_articles, -> { includes(:articles).where(articles: { published: true}) }
end
and then:
Author.with_published_articles.find(params[:author_id].to_s)
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