c++ - 使用Visual Studio C ++进行单元测试时的链接器错误(Linker error while unit testing with Visual Studio C++)

Question

I want to unit test my C++ project with Visual Studio. (我想用Visual Studio对C ++项目进行单元测试。) After adding the folders from my project as include path to my test project, I get linker errors when trying to compile the tests: (将项目中的文件夹添加为测试项目的包含路径后，尝试编译测试时出现链接器错误：)

Severity    Code    Description Project File    Line    Suppression State
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Piece::Piece(enum Color)" (??0Piece@@QAE@W4Color@@@Z) referenced in function "public: __thiscall Bishop::Bishop(enum Color)" (??0Bishop@@QAE@W4Color@@@Z)    ChessPlusPlus-Tests D:DocumentsProjectsChessPlusPlusChessPlusPlus-TestsBishopTests.obj 1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Board::~Board(void)" (??1Board@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall ChessPlusPlusTests::BishopTests::ValidMovesTest(void)" (?ValidMovesTest@BishopTests@ChessPlusPlusTests@@QAEXXZ)  ChessPlusPlus-Tests D:DocumentsProjectsChessPlusPlusChessPlusPlus-TestsBishopTests.obj 1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall Board::placePieceAt(class Piece * const,struct Position)" (?placePieceAt@Board@@QAEXQAVPiece@@UPosition@@@Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall ChessPlusPlusTests::BishopTests::ValidMovesTest(void)" (?ValidMovesTest@BishopTests@ChessPlusPlusTests@@QAEXXZ)    ChessPlusPlus-Tests D:DocumentsProjectsChessPlusPlusChessPlusPlus-TestsBishopTests.obj 1   
Error   LNK2001 unresolved external symbol "public: virtual class std::vector<struct Position,class std::allocator<struct Position> > __thiscall Bishop::getMovesFor(struct Position,class Board &)" (?getMovesFor@Bishop@@UAE?AV?$vector@UPosition@@V?$allocator@UPosition@@@std@@@std@@UPosition@@AAVBoard@@@Z)   ChessPlusPlus-Tests D:DocumentsProjectsChessPlusPlusChessPlusPlus-TestsBishopTests.obj 1   
Error   LNK2001 unresolved external symbol "public: virtual class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall Bishop::toString(void)" (?toString@Bishop@@UAE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@XZ)    ChessPlusPlus-Tests D:DocumentsProjectsChessPlusPlusChessPlusPlus-TestsBishopTests.obj 1   
Error   LNK2001 unresolved external symbol "public: virtual class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __thiscall Bishop::toShortString(void)" (?toShortString@Bishop@@UAE?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@XZ)  ChessPlusPlus-Tests D:DocumentsProjectsChessPlusPlusChessPlusPlus-TestsBishopTests.obj 1   

My test source code: (我的测试源代码：)

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "CppUnitTest.h"
#include "Bishop.h"
#include "Board.h"
#include "TestUtils.h"

using namespace Microsoft::VisualStudio::CppUnitTestFramework;

namespace ChessPlusPlusTests
{
    TEST_CLASS(BishopTests)
    {
    public:

        TEST_METHOD(ValidMovesTest)
        {
            // Arrange
            Board board{};
            Bishop *piece = new Bishop{ Color::WHITE };
            Position pos{ 3,3 };
            board.placePieceAt(piece, pos);

            // Act
            auto validPositions = piece->getMovesFor(pos, board);

            // Assert
            TestUtils::AssertPositions(validPositions, {
                0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
                1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
                0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,
                0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,
                0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
                0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,
                0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,
                1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
            });
        }

    };
}

Without adding the include path's the test project doesn't compile, since the header file includes in the main project rely on the include paths. (如果不添加包含路径，则测试项目不会编译，因为主项目中包含的头文件依赖于包含路径。)

The main project compiles just fine. (主项目编译正常。)

Can someone help me to understand whats going wrong? (有人可以帮助我了解问题出在哪里吗？)

Thanks! (谢谢！)

  ask by David Speck translate from so

Answer 1

https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/1085171/How-To-Do-Unit-Testing-with-Cplusplus-in-Visual-St (https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/1085171/How-To-Do-Unit-Testing-with-Cplusplus-in-Visual-St)

I found there that you have to add your .h and .cpp files as existing files also to the test project. (我发现在那里，您还必须将.h和.cpp文件作为现有文件添加到测试项目中。) That is left out on the official documentation or I missed it. (那个在官方文档中被遗漏了，或者我错过了。)

Now it works! (现在可以了！)