This has been described at About:

http://delphi.about.com/cs/adptips2001/a/bltip0701_4.htm
Basically, you just use the GetFileVersionInfo function to obtain the data and then VerQueryValue function to read it.

Because these API functions are a bit 'hard' to use, I have written a simple example:

type
TEXEVersionData = record
CompanyName,
FileDescription,
FileVersion,
InternalName,
LegalCopyright,
LegalTrademarks,
OriginalFileName,
ProductName,
ProductVersion,
Comments,
PrivateBuild,
SpecialBuild: string;
end;

function GetEXEVersionData(const FileName: string): TEXEVersionData;
type
PLandCodepage = ^TLandCodepage;
TLandCodepage = record
wLanguage,
wCodePage: word;
end;
var
dummy,
len: cardinal;
buf, pntr: pointer;
lang: string;
begin
len := GetFileVersionInfoSize(PChar(FileName), dummy);
if len = 0 then
RaiseLastOSError;
GetMem(buf, len);
try
if not GetFileVersionInfo(PChar(FileName), 0, len, buf) then
RaiseLastOSError;

if not VerQueryValue(buf, '\VarFileInfo\Translation\', pntr, len) then
RaiseLastOSError;

lang := Format('%.4x%.4x', [PLandCodepage(pntr)^.wLanguage, PLandCodepage(pntr)^.wCodePage]);

if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\CompanyName'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.CompanyName := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\FileDescription'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.FileDescription := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\FileVersion'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.FileVersion := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\InternalName'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.InternalName := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\LegalCopyright'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.LegalCopyright := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\LegalTrademarks'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.LegalTrademarks := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\OriginalFileName'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.OriginalFileName := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\ProductName'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.ProductName := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\ProductVersion'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.ProductVersion := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\Comments'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.Comments := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\PrivateBuild'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.PrivateBuild := PChar(pntr);
if VerQueryValue(buf, PChar('\StringFileInfo\' + lang + '\SpecialBuild'), pntr, len){ and (@len <> nil)} then
result.SpecialBuild := PChar(pntr);
finally
FreeMem(buf);
end;
end;
Try it. But beware -- currently, this only works for en-us EXEs! It doesn't work for most of the EXEs on my Swedish machine, for instance. It is late now; tomorrow I will extend this to work with any EXE language, if only I get some time left. [The About.com code has the same problem, but they don't even pretend it is a problem!]

Update: The code now works with any EXE language.

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5539316/how-can-i-read-details-of-file

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17340794/verqueryvalue-does-not-work-with-single-character-values

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6557778/get-fileversion-with-build