看了https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ed2a5d1f89a68909f6be17d2.html自己试了一下

tu = imread('E:\Desktop\11.jpg');  

Trial>> figure(1);

Trial>> subplot(121);

Trial>> imshow(tu);

Trial>> title('原始图像');
Trial>> x=rgb2gray(tu);
Trial>> subplot(122);
Trial>> imshow(x);

Trial>> title('灰度图像');

Trial>> thresh1 = graythresh(x);
Trial>> tu2 = im2bw(x,thresh1);
Trial>> imshow(tu2);
Trial>> title('灰度图像二值化');

csvwrite('0和1矩阵x.csv',tu2);

导出的一个（215*304）的矩阵