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在我的上一篇文章【原创】Matlab.NET混编技巧之——找出Matlab内置函数中，已经大概的介绍了matlab内置函数在混合编程中的优点，并通过程序找出了matlab中的大部分内置函数，当然更多人关心是如何像我所说得那样，不用直接编译，就直接在C#中调用这些内置函数。本文就带你揭开这些谜团。
声明，这篇文章是需要一点点混合编程基础的，基本概念和过程要懂一点，如果能简单成功混编一个简单的计算或者绘图例子，可以更容易理解。
1.传统的Matlab.NET混合编程步骤
传统的Matlab.NET混合编程有2种方式：
1)Matlab编写好M函数，利用deploytool编译m函数生成dll，在C#项目中引用并调用；
2)基于接口的编写方式，也是利用deploytool工具，过程繁琐一点，对编程人员素质要求高一点，但不需要进行繁琐的数据类型转换。我的博客有一篇文章专门介绍了这个混合编程方式，也有例子，大家有兴趣的可以看看：http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/archive/2013/05/16/3082299.html
不管上面用哪种方式，Matlab和C#混编的基本步骤，大概都是下面的过程：
1) 编写M函数，并首先在Matlab中测试是正确可以调用的。注意命名规范，注释规范；
2) 使用命令打开 deploytool工具，设置项目名称，选择类型：.NET Assembly，然后新建一个类，并添加编写好的M函数
3) 编译，生成dll,并在C#项目中添加引用（还需要引用对应版本的MWArray），利用对象浏览器查看生成dll的方法结构，并根据Matlab和C#的类型转换规则，进行数据转换即可， 如果是接口的编程，这个过程相对要简单。
2.深入解析传统混编所生成的代码
2.1 第一步：编写M函数，并测试可以使用
为了好我们今天的目的相匹配，特意封装一个简单的内置函数，plot，来画一个简单的图形，如下所示M函数
1 function PlotTest(n) 2 %编写一个简单的函数，对plot进行简单封装一下 3 plot(1:n,1:n); 4 %测试正确，才可以进行下一步工作
注意，混编必须是m函数function的形式才能被调用。上述函数简单测试一下，没有问题（复杂的函数一定要多测试，否则后续调试非常困难）。继续下一步。
2.2 第二步：在Matlab中使用deploytool建立混编项目
在Matlab工作区输入命令：deploytool,然后得到下面界面，输入混编项目的名称，选择存储位置，关键的是类型那里一定要选择".NET Assembly"。如下图所示：
选择“OK”之后，下一步matlab界面右侧会出现项目解决方案，需要添加类名称和M文件。这个类名称，就是编译完成之后C#项目中的类对象名称，然后添加我们刚才上一步编写的“PlotTest.m”,然后编译即可，如下图所示：
到此为止，一个常规 简单的Matlab.NET混编已经完成了60%了。编译完成之后，打开“Package”选项卡，即可看到生成的dll文件，然后点击右键，打开文件夹即可，如下图所示：
2.3 查看混编生成的代码
这个过程很关键，其实包含很多信息，只不过95%以上的人都没有注意到其实混编生成的dll是有源文件的，通过查看源文件就应该知道混编的原理，只不过这是matlab自动生成 而已。那看看生成的源码吧。
打开Matlab混编项目的目录，可以看到有2个文件夹，"distrib”，“src”2个文件夹。"distrib"文件夹就是上面图中生成的dll，注意有2个dll,1个是“项目名称.dll”,一个是“项目名称Native.dll”，这2个dll的差别可以通过"distrib"文件夹源码来观察。“distrib”就是源代码的文件夹。如下图所示，src文件夹的文件示意图：
我们2.2中新建的类名是TestDemo,所以生成的的源码名称也是TestDemo,看看这2个cs文件中的代码，同时类的方法也可以在VS中通过对象浏览器来查看dll有哪些方法以及方法的参数类型。直接贴这2个cs文件的代码，顺便解释和对比下：
TestDemo.cs文件源码：
1 /* 2 * MATLAB Compiler: 4.17 (R2012a) 3 * Date: Mon Sep 09 16:19:01 2013 4 * Arguments: "-B" "macro_default" "-W" "dotnet:PlotTest,TestDemo,0.0,private" "-T" 5 * "link:lib" "-d" "D:\Work\DevelopMent_SVN\Matlab\MatlabBlog\PlotTest\src" "-w" 6 * "enable:specified_file_mismatch" "-w" "enable:repeated_file" "-w" 7 * "enable:switch_ignored" "-w" "enable:missing_lib_sentinel" "-w" "enable:demo_license" 8 * "-v" "class{TestDemo:D:\Work\DevelopMent_SVN\Matlab\MatlabBlog\PlotTest.m}" 9 */ 10 using System; 11 using System.Reflection; 12 using System.IO; 13 using MathWorks.MATLAB.NET.Arrays; 14 using MathWorks.MATLAB.NET.Utility; 15 16 #if SHARED 17 [assembly: System.Reflection.AssemblyKeyFile(@"")] 18 #endif 19 20 namespace PlotTest 21 { 22 23 /// <summary> 24 /// The TestDemo class provides a CLS compliant, MWArray interface to the M-functions 25 /// contained in the files: 26 /// <newpara></newpara> 27 /// D:\Work\DevelopMent_SVN\Matlab\MatlabBlog\PlotTest.m 28 /// <newpara></newpara> 29 /// deployprint.m 30 /// <newpara></newpara> 31 /// printdlg.m 32 /// </summary> 33 /// <remarks> 34 /// @Version 0.0 35 /// </remarks> 36 public class TestDemo : IDisposable 37 { 38 #region Constructors 39 40 /// <summary internal= "true"> 41 /// The static constructor instantiates and initializes the MATLAB Compiler Runtime 42 /// instance. 43 /// </summary> 44 static TestDemo() 45 { 46 if (MWMCR.MCRAppInitialized) 47 { 48 Assembly assembly= Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); 49 50 string ctfFilePath= assembly.Location; 51 52 int lastDelimiter= ctfFilePath.LastIndexOf(@"\"); 53 54 ctfFilePath= ctfFilePath.Remove(lastDelimiter, (ctfFilePath.Length - lastDelimiter)); 55 56 string ctfFileName = "PlotTest.ctf"; 57 58 Stream embeddedCtfStream = null; 59 60 String[] resourceStrings = assembly.GetManifestResourceNames(); 61 62 foreach (String name in resourceStrings) 63 { 64 if (name.Contains(ctfFileName)) 65 { 66 embeddedCtfStream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(name); 67 break; 68 } 69 } 70 mcr= new MWMCR("", 71 ctfFilePath, embeddedCtfStream, true); 72 } 73 else 74 { 75 throw new ApplicationException("MWArray assembly could not be initialized"); 76 } 77 } 78 79 80 /// <summary> 81 /// Constructs a new instance of the TestDemo class. 82 /// </summary> 83 public TestDemo() 84 { 85 } 86 87 88 #endregion Constructors 89 90 #region Finalize 91 92 /// <summary internal= "true"> 93 /// Class destructor called by the CLR garbage collector. 94 /// </summary> 95 ~TestDemo() 96 { 97 Dispose(false); 98 } 99 100 101 /// <summary> 102 /// Frees the native resources associated with this object 103 /// </summary> 104 public void Dispose() 105 { 106 Dispose(true); 107 108 GC.SuppressFinalize(this); 109 } 110 111 112 /// <summary internal= "true"> 113 /// Internal dispose function 114 /// </summary> 115 protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) 116 { 117 if (!disposed) 118 { 119 disposed= true; 120 121 if (disposing) 122 { 123 // Free managed resources; 124 } 125 126 // Free native resources 127 } 128 } 129 130 131 #endregion Finalize 132 133 #region Methods 134 135 /// <summary> 136 /// Provides a void output, 0-input MWArrayinterface to the PlotTest M-function. 137 /// </summary> 138 /// <remarks> 139 /// M-Documentation: 140 /// 编写一个简单的函数，对plot进行简单封装一下 141 /// </remarks> 142 /// 143 public void PlotTest() 144 { 145 mcr.EvaluateFunction(0, "PlotTest", new MWArray[]{}); 146 } 147 148 149 /// <summary> 150 /// Provides a void output, 1-input MWArrayinterface to the PlotTest M-function. 151 /// </summary> 152 /// <remarks> 153 /// M-Documentation: 154 /// 编写一个简单的函数，对plot进行简单封装一下 155 /// </remarks> 156 /// <param name="n">Input argument #1</param> 157 /// 158 public void PlotTest(MWArray n) 159 { 160 mcr.EvaluateFunction(0, "PlotTest", n); 161 } 162 163 164 /// <summary> 165 /// Provides the standard 0-input MWArray interface to the PlotTest M-function. 166 /// </summary> 167 /// <remarks> 168 /// M-Documentation: 169 /// 编写一个简单的函数，对plot进行简单封装一下 170 /// </remarks> 171 /// <param name="numArgsOut">The number of output arguments to return.</param> 172 /// <returns>An Array of length "numArgsOut" containing the output 173 /// arguments.</returns> 174 /// 175 public MWArray[] PlotTest(int numArgsOut) 176 { 177 return mcr.EvaluateFunction(numArgsOut, "PlotTest", new MWArray[]{}); 178 } 179 180 181 /// <summary> 182 /// Provides the standard 1-input MWArray interface to the PlotTest M-function. 183 /// </summary> 184 /// <remarks> 185 /// M-Documentation: 186 /// 编写一个简单的函数，对plot进行简单封装一下 187 /// </remarks> 188 /// <param name="numArgsOut">The number of output arguments to return.</param> 189 /// <param name="n">Input argument #1</param> 190 /// <returns>An Array of length "numArgsOut" containing the output 191 /// arguments.</returns> 192 /// 193 public MWArray[] PlotTest(int numArgsOut, MWArray n) 194 { 195 return mcr.EvaluateFunction(numArgsOut, "PlotTest", n); 196 } 197 198 199 200 /// <summary> 201 /// This method will cause a MATLAB figure window to behave as a modal dialog box. 202 /// The method will not return until all the figure windows associated with this 203 /// component have been closed. 204 /// </summary> 205 /// <remarks> 206 /// An application should only call this method when required to keep the 207 /// MATLAB figure window from disappearing. Other techniques, such as calling 208 /// Console.ReadLine() from the application should be considered where 209 /// possible.</remarks> 210 /// 211 public void WaitForFiguresToDie() 212 { 213 mcr.WaitForFiguresToDie(); 214 } 215 216 217 218 #endregion Methods 219 220 #region Class Members 221 222 private static MWMCR mcr= null; 223 224 private bool disposed= false; 225 226 #endregion Class Members 227 } 228 }
TestDemoNative.cs文件源码:
1 /* 2 * MATLAB Compiler: 4.17 (R2012a) 3 * Date: Mon Sep 09 16:19:01 2013 4 * Arguments: "-B" "macro_default" "-W" "dotnet:PlotTest,TestDemo,0.0,private" "-T" 5 * "link:lib" "-d" "D:\Work\DevelopMent_SVN\Matlab\MatlabBlog\PlotTest\src" "-w" 6 * "enable:specified_file_mismatch" "-w" "enable:repeated_file" "-w" 7 * "enable:switch_ignored" "-w" "enable:missing_lib_sentinel" "-w" "enable:demo_license" 8 * "-v" "class{TestDemo:D:\Work\DevelopMent_SVN\Matlab\MatlabBlog\PlotTest.m}" 9 */ 10 using System; 11 using System.Reflection; 12 using System.IO; 13 using MathWorks.MATLAB.NET.Arrays; 14 using MathWorks.MATLAB.NET.Utility; 15 16 #if SHARED 17 [assembly: System.Reflection.AssemblyKeyFile(@"")] 18 #endif 19 20 namespace PlotTestNative 21 { 22 23 /// <summary> 24 /// The TestDemo class provides a CLS compliant, Object (native) interface to the 25 /// M-functions contained in the files: 26 /// <newpara></newpara> 27 /// D:\Work\DevelopMent_SVN\Matlab\MatlabBlog\PlotTest.m 28 /// <newpara></newpara> 29 /// deployprint.m 30 /// <newpara></newpara> 31 /// printdlg.m 32 /// </summary> 33 /// <remarks> 34 /// @Version 0.0 35 /// </remarks> 36 public class TestDemo : IDisposable 37 { 38 #region Constructors 39 40 /// <summary internal= "true"> 41 /// The static constructor instantiates and initializes the MATLAB Compiler Runtime 42 /// instance. 43 /// </summary> 44 static TestDemo() 45 { 46 if (MWMCR.MCRAppInitialized) 47 { 48 Assembly assembly= Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); 49 50 string ctfFilePath= assembly.Location; 51 52 int lastDelimiter= ctfFilePath.LastIndexOf(@"\"); 53 54 ctfFilePath= ctfFilePath.Remove(lastDelimiter, (ctfFilePath.Length - lastDelimiter)); 55 56 string ctfFileName = "PlotTest.ctf"; 57 58 Stream embeddedCtfStream = null; 59 60 String[] resourceStrings = assembly.GetManifestResourceNames(); 61 62 foreach (String name in resourceStrings) 63 { 64 if (name.Contains(ctfFileName)) 65 { 66 embeddedCtfStream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(name); 67 break; 68 } 69 } 70 mcr= new MWMCR("", 71 ctfFilePath, embeddedCtfStream, true); 72 } 73 else 74 { 75 throw new ApplicationException("MWArray assembly could not be initialized"); 76 } 77 } 78 79 80 /// <summary> 81 /// Constructs a new instance of the TestDemo class. 82 /// </summary> 83 public TestDemo() 84 { 85 } 86 87 88 #endregion Constructors 89 90 #region Finalize 91 92 /// <summary internal= "true"> 93 /// Class destructor called by the CLR garbage collector. 94 /// </summary> 95 ~TestDemo() 96 { 97 Dispose(false); 98 } 99 100 101 /// <summary> 102 /// Frees the native resources associated with this object 103 /// </summary> 104 public void Dispose() 105 { 106 Dispose(true); 107 108 GC.SuppressFinalize(this); 109 } 110 111 112 /// <summary internal= "true"> 113 /// Internal dispose function 114 /// </summary> 115 protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) 116 { 117 if (!disposed) 118 { 119 disposed= true; 120 121 if (disposing) 122 { 123 // Free managed resources; 124 } 125 126 // Free native resources 127 } 128 } 129 130 131 #endregion Finalize 132 133 #region Methods 134 135 /// <summary> 136 /// Provides a void output, 0-input Objectinterface to the PlotTest M-function. 137 /// </summary> 138 /// <remarks> 139 /// M-Documentation: 140 /// 编写一个简单的函数，对plot进行简单封装一下 141 /// </remarks> 142 /// 143 public void PlotTest() 144 { 145 mcr.EvaluateFunction(0, "PlotTest", new Object[]{}); 146 }
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