函数名称
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说明
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示例
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&
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数组与,返回两数组的交集
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[1,2] & [2,3] » [2]
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*
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复制数组n次
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[1,2]*2 » [1,2,1,2]
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+
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返回两数组的并集,但不排除重复元素
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[1,2]+[2,3] » [1,2,2,3]
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<<
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追加元素,但不排除重复元素
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[1,2]<<[2,3] » [1,2,2,3]
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|
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追加元素,但排除重复元素
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1,2] | [2,3] » [1,2,3]
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-
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返回第一个数组与第二个数组不同的元素
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[1,2]-[2,3] » [1]
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<=>
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比较数组
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[1,2]<=>[2,3] »flase
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==
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比较数组 ,若所有元素均相等时返回真
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[1,2]==[2,1] »flase
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assoc
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从数组的每个元素中寻找指定对象
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[[1,2],[3,4]].assoc(2) » [1,2]
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at
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找到数组的第N个元素
负数表示逆向查找
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["a","b","c","d","e"].at(0) » "a"
["a","b","c","d","e"].at(-1) » "e"
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clear
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删除数组中的所有元素
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["a","b","c","d","e"]. clear
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collect
collect!
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用一个过程块对数组的每个元素进行处理
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["a","b","c","d"].collect {|x| x + "!" }
» ["a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"]
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compact
compact!
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删除值为nil 的元素后生成新数组并返回它
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["a",nil,"b",nil,"c",nil].compact
» ["a", "b", "c"]
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delete
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删除元素,如果元素重复,全部删除
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a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
a.delete("b")
puts a » ["a","c"]
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delete_at
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删除pos所指位置的元素并返回它。若pos超出数组范围则返回nil
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a = %w( ant bat cat dog )
a.delete_at(2) » "cat"
a » ["ant", "bat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(99) » nil
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delete_if
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根据条件删除
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a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.delete_if {|x| x >= "b" } » ["a"]
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each
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对数组的每个元素按值进行迭代操作
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a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.each {|x| print x, " -- " }
» "a -- b -- c --"
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each_index
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对数组的每个元素按索引进行迭代操作
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a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.each_index {|x| print x, " -- " }
» "0 -- 1 -- 2 --"
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empty?
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判断数组是否为空,为空则返回真
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[].empty? » true
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eql!
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比较两数组是否相等
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["a","b","c"].eql?(["a","b","c"]) » true
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fill
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填充数组
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["a","b","c","d"].fill("x")
» ["x","x","x","x"]
["a","b","c","d"].fill("z", 2, 2)
» ["x", "x", "z", "z"]
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first
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返回数组的首元素。若没有首元素则返回nil
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[ "q", "r", "s", "t" ].first » "q"
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last
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返回数组末尾的元素。若数组为空时,返回nil
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["w","x","y","z"].last » "z"
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include?
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判断数组中是否包含元素
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a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.include?("b") » true
a.include?("z") » false
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index
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返回数组中第一个== val的元素的位置
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a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.index("b") » 1
a.index("z") » nil
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indexes
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以数组形式返回其索引值与各参数值相等的元素
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a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g" ]
a.indexes(0, 2, 4) » ["a", "c", "e"]
a.indexes( 2, 4, 12) » [ "c", "e", nil]
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insert
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在索引为nth的元素前面插入第2参数以后的值
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ary = %w(foo bar baz)
ary.insert 2,'a','b'
p ary » ["foo", "bar", "a", "b", "baz"]
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join
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将数组元素按一定的分隔符连接起来
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[ "a", "b", "c" ].join » "abc"
[ "a", "b", "c" ].join("-") » "a-b-c"
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length
size
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返回数组长度。若数组为空则返回0
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[1,2,3].length » 3
[1,2,3].size » 3
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nitems
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返回非nil 元素的个数
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[ 1, nil, 3, nil, 5 ].nitems » 3
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pop
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删除末尾元素并返回它。若数组为空则返回nil
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a = [ "a", "m", "z" ]
a.pop » "z"
p a » ["a", "m"]
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push
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添加新元素
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["a","b"].push(['1','2'])
» ["a", "b", ["1", "2"]]
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rassoc
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遍历数组每个元素(元素必须是数组),匹配索引为1的值是否与查找的字符相等,返回第一个相等的元素
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a = [[15,1], [25,2], [35,2]]
p a.rassoc(2) » [25, 2]
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replace
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替换数组元素
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a = ["a","b"]
a.replace(["x","y","z"])
p a »["x", "y", "z"]
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reverse
reverse!
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将所有元素以逆序重新排列生成新数组并返回它
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["a","b","c" ].reverse » ["c", "b", "a"]
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rindex
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返回最后一个值相等 的元素的索引值
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a = [ "a","b","b","b","c"]
a.rindex("b") » 3
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shift
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删除数组的首元素并返回它。剩余元素依次提前。若数组为空返回nil。
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args = ["-m","-q","filename"]
args.shift » "-m"
args » ["-q", "filename"]
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sort
sort!
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从小到大排序
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a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
a.sort » ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
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uniq
uniq!
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删除数组中的重复元素后生成新数组并返回它
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a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
a.uniq » ["a", "b", "c"]
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unshift
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在数组第一个元素前添加元素
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a = [ "b", "c", "d" ]
a.unshift("a") » ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
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to_s
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将数组的所有元素连接成字符串
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["a","e","i","o"].to_s » "aeio"
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