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VoronoiDelaunay.jl

Fast, robust construction of 2D Delaunay and Voronoi tessellations on generic point types. Implementation follows algorithms described in the Arepo paper and used (for e.g.) in the Illustris Simulation. License: MIT. Bug reports welcome!

How does it work?

Incrementally insert points to a valid Delaunay tessallation, while restoring Delaunayhood by flipping triangles. Point location (i.e. which triangle should it divide into three) is accelerated by spatial sorting. Spatial sorting allows to add points which are close in space thus walking the tesselation is fast. Initial tessalletion includes two triangles built by 4 points which are outside of the allowed region for users. These "external" triangles are skipped when iterating over Delaunay/Voronoy edges. Fast and robust predicates are provided by the GeometricalPredicates package. Benchmarks suggest this package is a bit faster than CGAL, see here benchmark of an older version which is also a bit slower than current.

Current limitations

• Due to numerical restrictions the point coordinates must be within min_coord <= x <= max_coord where min_coord=1.0+eps(Float64) and max_coord=2.0-2eps(Float64). Note this is a bit different than what is required by the GeometricalPredicates package.
• The following features are not implemented, but are in the TODO list; In order of priority: centroid tessellations (Lloy's method), Weighted generators (both power and sum), bounding, maybe restricting. Hierarchal tessellations for fast random locatings; Distributed tessellation construction. 3D. Order of priority may change of course :)

How to use?

Installation

]add VoronoiDelaunay

Building a tessellation

Define and push individual points like this:

using VoronoiDelaunay
tess = DelaunayTessellation()
push!(tess, Point(1.5, 1.5))

creation of points is explained in the GeometricalPredicates package documentation.

Pushing arrays of points is more efficient:

width = max_coord - min_coord
a = Point2D[Point(min_coord + rand() * width, min_coord + rand() * width) for i in 1:100]
push!(tess, a)

notice care taken for correct range of coordinates. min_coord and max_coord are defined in the package. We can further optimize by giving a sizehint at time of construction:

tess = DelaunayTessellation(100)

or at any later point:

sizehint(tess, 100)

Iterating

Delaunay tesselations need at least 3 points to be well defined. Voronoi need 4. Remember this when iterating or plotting. Iterating over Delaunay edges is done like this:

i = 0
for edge in delaunayedges(tess)
    i += 1
    # or, do something more useful :)
end

a DelaunayEdge contains two points a and b, they can be accessed with geta(edge) and getb(edge). Iterating over Voronoi edges is similar:

i = 0
for edge in voronoiedges(tess)
    i += 1
    # or, do something more useful :)
end

a VoronoiEdge is a bit different than a DelaunayEdge: here a and b are Point2D and not the generators, as they have different coordinates. To get the generators use getgena(edge) and getgenb(edge) these give the relevant AbstractPoint2D which were used to create the edge.

If the generators are not needed when iterating over the Voronoi edges (e.g. when plotting) then a more efficient way to iterate is:

i = 0
e = Nothing
for edge in voronoiedgeswithoutgenerators(tess)
    i += 1
    # do something more useful here :)
end

here edge is a VoronoiEdgeWithoutGenerators, the points a and b can be accessed as usual.

Iterating over Delaunay triangles:

i = 0
for delaunaytriangle in tess
    i += 1
    # or, do something more useful :)
end

delaunaytriangle here is of type DelaunayTriangle which is a subtype of AbstractNegativelyOrientedTriangle. To get the generators of this triangle use the geta, getb, and getc methods. You can do all other operations and predicate tests on this triangle as explained in GeometricalPredicates

Navigating

Locating a point, i.e. finding the triangle it is inside:

t = locate(tess, Point(1.2, 1.3))

if the point is outside of the tessellation then isexternal(t) == true holds. This is good for type stability, at least better than returning a Nothing. It is assumed that the point we want to locate is actually in the allowed points region. Performance is best when locating points close to each other (this is also why spatial sorting is used). Future versions may implement a hierarchal approach for fast random locations.

Navigating from a triangle to its neighbours is done like this:

t = movea(tess, t)  # move to the direction infront of generator a
t = moveb(tess, t)  # move to the direction infront of generator b
t = movec(tess, t)  # move to the direction infront of generator c

Plotting

The following retrieves a couple of vectors ready to plot Voronoi edges:

x, y = getplotxy(voronoiedges(tess))

and for Delaunay edges:

x, y = getplotxy(delaunayedges(tess))

Now plotting can be done with your favorite plotting package, for e.g.:

using Gadfly
plot(x=x, y=y, Geom.path)

To make a nice looking plot remember to limit the axes and aspect ratio. For e.g.:

set_default_plot_size(15cm, 15cm)
plot(x=x, y=y, Geom.path, Scale.x_continuous(minvalue=1.0, maxvalue=2.0), Scale.y_continuous(minvalue=1.0, maxvalue=2.0))

From an image

You can create a tesselation from an image, just like the tesselation of the julia logo at the top of this README. This was created from a png with from_file (see examples/img_to_vorono.jl):

import Images: imread
img = imread("julia.png")
tess = from_image(img, 25000)