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Kubernetes deployment strategies

In Kubernetes there is few different way to release an application, you have to carefully choose the right strategy to make your infrastructure resilient.

• recreate: terminate the old version and release the new one
• ramped: release a new version on a rolling update fashion, one after the other
• blue/green: release a new version alongside the old version then switch traffic
• canary: release a new version to a subset of users, then proceed to a full rollout
• a/b testing: release a new version to a subset of users in a precise way (HTTP headers, cookie, weight, etc.). This doesn’t come out of the box with Kubernetes, it imply extra work to setup a smarter loadbalancing system (Istio, Linkerd, Traeffik, custom nginx/haproxy, etc).
• shadow: release a new version alongside the old version. Incoming traffic is mirrored to the new version and doesn't impact the response.

Before experimenting, checkout the following resources:

• CNCF presentation
• CNCF presentation slides
• Kubernetes deployment strategies
• Six Strategies for Application Deployment.
• Canary deployment using Istio and Helm
• Automated rollback of Helm releases based on logs or metrics

Getting started

These examples were created and tested on Minikube running with Kubernetes v1.10.0.

$ minikube start --kubernetes-version v1.10.0 --memory 8192 --cpus 2

Visualizing using Prometheus and Grafana

The following steps describe how to setup Prometheus and Grafana to visualize the progress and performance of a deployment.

Install Helm

To install Helm, follow the instructions provided on their website.

$ helm init

Install Prometheus

$ helm install \
    --namespace=monitoring \
    --name=prometheus \
    --version=7.0.0 \
    stable/prometheus

Install Grafana

$ helm install \
    --namespace=monitoring \
    --name=grafana \
    --version=1.12.0 \
    --set=adminUser=admin \
    --set=adminPassword=admin \
    --set=service.type=NodePort \
    stable/grafana

Setup Grafana

Now that Prometheus and Grafana are up and running, you can access Grafana:

$ minikube service grafana

To login, username: admin, password: admin.

Then you need to connect Grafana to Prometheus, to do so, add a DataSource:

Name: prometheus
Type: Prometheus
Url: http://prometheus-server
Access: Server

Create a dashboard with a Graph. Use the following query:

sum(rate(http_requests_total{app="my-app"}[5m])) by (version)

To have a better overview of the version, add {{version}} in the legend field.

Example graph

Recreate:

Ramped:

Blue/Green:

Canary:

A/B testing:

Shadow: