smoothState.js is a jQuery plugin that progressively enhances page loads to give us control over page transitions. If the user's browser doesn't have the required features, smoothState.js fades into the background and never runs.
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Intro
Imagine, for a second, how disorienting it would be if touching a doorknob teleported you to the other side of the door. Navigating the web feels like using a teleporting doorknob. Layouts change, elements rearrange or disappear, and it takes time for the user to adjust. Smooth transitions reduce the effort it takes for users to get settled into a new environment.
Javascript SPA frameworks, sometimes referred to as MVC frameworks, are a common way to solve this issue. These frameworks often lose the benefits of unobtrusive code. Writing unobtrusive javascript gives us more resilience to errors, and improved performance and accessibility.
How does smoothState.js work?
smoothState.js provides hooks that can be used to choreograph how elements enter and exit the page during navigation. It uses the time the animations are running to fetch content via AJAX to inject into the page.
smoothState.js doesn't dictate how things on the page should be animated. It supports CSS animations, as well as JS animation libraries like velocity.js.
Design philosophy and requirements
The project's main goal is to allow developers to add page transitions without having to add any logic to the backend. We keep things unobtrusive at all times.
smoothState.js initializes on containers, not links. Think of a container as a small window object embedded in the page.
Every URL on your site should return a full layout - not just an HTML fragment
The smoothState container needs to have an id set - a unique hook to tell us what to update on the page
All links and forms on the page should live within the container
These requirements makes the website resilient, since it smoothState.js can abort and simply redirect the user if an error occurs. Making each link return a full page also ensures that pages are created with progressive enhancement in mind.
Getting started
All we need to do to get started is:
Include a copy of jQuery and jQuery.smoothState.js on your page
Add a container with an id of #main and include some links inside of it
Create a new js file and run $('#main').smoothState()
$(function(){$('#main').smoothState();});
By default, smoothState.js will:
Prevent links and forms from triggering a full page load, if possible
Use AJAX to request pages and replace the content appropriately
Update URLs and browsing history so that browsing expectations aren't broken
smoothState.js will not add page transitions to pages. You'll need to define the animations you want to run using the hooks smoothState.js provides.
onBefore - Runs before a page load has been started
onStart - Runs once a page load has been activated
onProgress - Runs if the page request is still pending and the onStart animations have finished
onReady - Run once the requested content is ready to be injected into the page and the previous animations have finished
onAfter - Runs after the new content has been injected into the page and all animations are complete
Options
smoothState.js provides some options that allow customization of the plugin's functionality. The default options are overridden by passing an object into the smoothState function.
Options example
$(function(){'use strict';varoptions={prefetch: true,cacheLength: 2,onStart: {duration: 250,// Duration of our animationrender: function($container){// Add your CSS animation reversing class$container.addClass('is-exiting');// Restart your animationsmoothState.restartCSSAnimations();}},onReady: {duration: 0,render: function($container,$newContent){// Remove your CSS animation reversing class$container.removeClass('is-exiting');// Inject the new content$container.html($newContent);}}},smoothState=$('#main').smoothState(options).data('smoothState');});
debug
If set to true, smoothState.js will log useful debug information to the console, instead of aborting. For example, instead of redirecting the user to a page on an error, it might log:
No element with an id of “#main” in response from “/about.html”.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({debug: false});
anchors
A jQuery selector specifying which anchors within the smoothState element should be bound.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({anchors: 'a'});
hrefRegex
A regular expression to specify which anchor with a specific href property based on the regex smoothState should bind to. If empty, every href will be permitted.
Controls whether or not form submission responses are preserved in the cache. If set to true, smoothState will store form responses in the cache. This should be set to false unless you understand how caching form results will affect your website's behaviour very well.
The minimum number of milliseconds between click/submit events. User events ignored beyond this rate are ignored. This can be used to ignore double-clicks so that the user's browser history won't become cluttered by incompleted page loads.
There is a 200ms to 300ms delay between the time that a user hovers over a link and the time they click it. On touch screens, the delay between the touchstart and touchend is even greater. If the prefetch option is set to true, smoothState.js will begin to preload the contents of the URL during that delay. This technique will increase the perceived performance of the site.
If you would like to throttle the prefetch, do so by firing custom events.
Libraries like @tristen's hoverintent can be used to throttle prefetching based on the user's intent, by triggering a custom intent event. To use it with smoothState.js, set intent as the prefetchOn option.
$('#main').smoothState({prefetchOn: 'intent'});
Or, for the opposite effect, use something like @cihadturhan's jQuery.aim and add spider sense-like prefetching to smoothState.js.
$('#main').smoothState({prefetchOn: 'aim'});
locationHeader
A field name to lookup among the headers from the HTTP response to alert smoothState.js of any redirected URL.
smoothState.js makes AJAX requests using XMLHttpRequest, which silently follows redirects. This transparence prevents smoothState.js from knowing if a request resulted in a redirection.
For example, when you visit /about and the server redirects you to /about/company, smoothState.js is only ever informed of a successful response from /about. The locationHeader option gives smoothState.js a HTTP response header to consult and replace the browser's history entry with the real URI.
The number of pages to cache. smoothState.js can cache pages in memory, avoiding the user having to request pages more than once. Cached pages will load instantaneously.
Scroll to top after onStart and scroll to hash after onReady. This is default behavior, if you want to implement your own scroll behavior, set scroll: false
// Default$('#main').smoothState({scroll: true});
alterRequest
A function to alter a request's AJAX settings before it is called. This can be used to alter the requested URL, for example.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({// Param `request` is an `Object` that is currently set to be usedalterRequest: function(request){// Must return and `Object` that will be used to make the requestreturnrequest;}});
alterChangeState
A function to alter a history entry's state object before it is modified or added to the browser's history. This can be used to attach serializable data to the history entry, for example.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({// Param `state` is an `Object` that contains the container ID, by defaultalterChangeState: function(state){// Must return a serializable `Object` that is associated with the history entryreturnstate;}});
onBefore
The function to run before a page load is started.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({// `$currentTarget` is a `jQuery Object` of the element, anchor or form, that triggered the load// `$container` is a `jQuery Object` of the the current smoothState containeronBefore: function($currentTarget,$container){}});
onStart
The function to run once a page load has been activated. This is an ideal time to animate elements that exit the page and set up for a loading state.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({onStart: {// How long this animation takesduration: 0,// A function that dictates the animations that take placerender: function($container){}}});
onProgress
The function to run only if the page request is still pending and onStart has finished animating. This is a good place to add something like a loading indicator.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({onProgress: {// How long this animation takesduration: 0,// A function that dictates the animations that take placerender: function($container){}}});
onReady
The function to run when the requested content is ready to be injected into the page. This is when the page's contents should be updated.
// Default$('#main').smoothState({onReady: {duration: 0,// `$container` is a `jQuery Object` of the the current smoothState container// `$newContent` is a `jQuery Object` of the HTML that should replace the existing container's HTML.render: function($container,$newContent){// Update the HTML on the page$container.html($newContent);}}});
onAfter
The function to run when the new content has been injected into the page and all animations are complete. This is when to re-initialize any plugins needed by the page.
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