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sanitize-html

sanitize-html provides a simple HTML sanitizer with a clear API.

sanitize-html is tolerant. It is well suited for cleaning up HTML fragments such as those created by CKEditor and other rich text editors. It is especially handy for removing unwanted CSS when copying and pasting from Word.

sanitize-html allows you to specify the tags you want to permit, and the permitted attributes for each of those tags.

If a tag is not permitted, the contents of the tag are not discarded. There are some exceptions to this, discussed below in the "Discarding the entire contents of a disallowed tag" section.

The syntax of poorly closed p and img elements is cleaned up.

href attributes are validated to ensure they only contain http, https, ftp and mailto URLs. Relative URLs are also allowed. Ditto for src attributes.

Allowing particular urls as a src to an iframe tag by filtering hostnames is also supported.

HTML comments are not preserved. Additionally, sanitize-html escapes ALL text content - this means that ampersands, greater-than, and less-than signs are converted to their equivalent HTML character references (& --> &, < --> <, and so on). Additionally, in attribute values, quotation marks are escaped as well (" --> ").

Requirements

sanitize-html is intended for use with Node.js and supports Node 10+. All of its npm dependencies are pure JavaScript. sanitize-html is built on the excellent htmlparser2 module.

Regarding TypeScript

sanitize-html is not written in TypeScript and there is no plan to directly support it. There is a community supported typing definition, @types/sanitize-html, however.

npm install -D @types/sanitize-html

If esModuleInterop=true is not set in your tsconfig.json file, you have to import it with:

import * as sanitizeHtml from 'sanitize-html';

Any questions or problems while using @types/sanitize-html should be directed to its maintainers as directed by that project's contribution guidelines.

How to use

Browser

Think first: why do you want to use it in the browser? Remember, servers must never trust browsers. You can't sanitize HTML for saving on the server anywhere else but on the server.

But, perhaps you'd like to display sanitized HTML immediately in the browser for preview. Or ask the browser to do the sanitization work on every page load. You can if you want to!

• Install the package:

npm install sanitize-html

or

yarn add sanitize-html

The primary change in the 2.x version of sanitize-html is that it no longer includes a build that is ready for browser use. Developers are expected to include sanitize-html in their project builds (e.g., webpack) as they would any other dependency. So while sanitize-html is no longer ready to link to directly in HTML, developers can now more easily process it according to their needs.

Once built and linked in the browser with other project Javascript, it can be used to sanitize HTML strings in front end code:

import sanitizeHtml from 'sanitize-html';

const html = "<strong>hello world</strong>";
console.log(sanitizeHtml(html));
console.log(sanitizeHtml("<img src=x onerror=alert('img') />"));
console.log(sanitizeHtml("console.log('hello world')"));
console.log(sanitizeHtml("<script>alert('hello world')</script>"));

Node (Recommended)

Install module from console:

npm install sanitize-html

Import the module:

// In ES modules
import sanitizeHtml from 'sanitize-html';

// Or in CommonJS
const sanitizeHtml = require('sanitize-html');

Use it in your JavaScript app:

const dirty = 'some really tacky HTML';
const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty);

That will allow our default list of allowed tags and attributes through. It's a nice set, but probably not quite what you want. So:

// Allow only a super restricted set of tags and attributes
const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  allowedTags: [ 'b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'a' ],
  allowedAttributes: {
    'a': [ 'href' ]
  },
  allowedIframeHostnames: ['www.youtube.com']
});

Boom!

Default options

allowedTags: [
  "address", "article", "aside", "footer", "header", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4",
  "h5", "h6", "hgroup", "main", "nav", "section", "blockquote", "dd", "div",
  "dl", "dt", "figcaption", "figure", "hr", "li", "main", "ol", "p", "pre",
  "ul", "a", "abbr", "b", "bdi", "bdo", "br", "cite", "code", "data", "dfn",
  "em", "i", "kbd", "mark", "q", "rb", "rp", "rt", "rtc", "ruby", "s", "samp",
  "small", "span", "strong", "sub", "sup", "time", "u", "var", "wbr", "caption",
  "col", "colgroup", "table", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"
],
disallowedTagsMode: 'discard',
allowedAttributes: {
  a: [ 'href', 'name', 'target' ],
  // We don't currently allow img itself by default, but
  // these attributes would make sense if we did.
  img: [ 'src', 'srcset', 'alt', 'title', 'width', 'height', 'loading' ]
},
// Lots of these won't come up by default because we don't allow them
selfClosing: [ 'img', 'br', 'hr', 'area', 'base', 'basefont', 'input', 'link', 'meta' ],
// URL schemes we permit
allowedSchemes: [ 'http', 'https', 'ftp', 'mailto', 'tel' ],
allowedSchemesByTag: {},
allowedSchemesAppliedToAttributes: [ 'href', 'src', 'cite' ],
allowProtocolRelative: true,
enforceHtmlBoundary: false

Common use cases

"I like your set but I want to add one more tag. Is there a convenient way?"

Sure:

const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  allowedTags: sanitizeHtml.defaults.allowedTags.concat([ 'img' ])
});

If you do not specify allowedTags or allowedAttributes, our default list is applied. So if you really want an empty list, specify one.

"What if I want to allow all tags or all attributes?"

Simple! Instead of leaving allowedTags or allowedAttributes out of the options, set either one or both to false:

allowedTags: false,
allowedAttributes: false

"What if I don't want to allow any tags?"

Also simple! Set allowedTags to [] and allowedAttributes to {}.

allowedTags: [],
allowedAttributes: {}

"What if I want disallowed tags to be escaped rather than discarded?"

If you set disallowedTagsMode to discard (the default), disallowed tags are discarded. Any text content or subtags is still included, depending on whether the individual subtags are allowed.

If you set disallowedTagsMode to escape, the disallowed tags are escaped rather than discarded. Any text or subtags is handled normally.

If you set disallowedTagsMode to recursiveEscape, the disallowed tags are escaped rather than discarded, and the same treatment is applied to all subtags, whether otherwise allowed or not.

"What if I want to allow only specific values on some attributes?"

When configuring the attribute in allowedAttributes simply use an object with attribute name and an allowed values array. In the following example sandbox="allow-forms allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-scripts" would become sandbox="allow-popups allow-scripts":

allowedAttributes: {
  iframe: [
    {
      name: 'sandbox',
      multiple: true,
      values: ['allow-popups', 'allow-same-origin', 'allow-scripts']
    }
  ]
}

With multiple: true, several allowed values may appear in the same attribute, separated by spaces. Otherwise the attribute must exactly match one and only one of the allowed values.

Wildcards for attributes

You can use the * wildcard to allow all attributes with a certain prefix:

allowedAttributes: {
  a: [ 'href', 'data-*' ]
}

Also you can use the * as name for a tag, to allow listed attributes to be valid for any tag:

allowedAttributes: {
  '*': [ 'href', 'align', 'alt', 'center', 'bgcolor' ]
}

Additional options

Allowed CSS Classes

If you wish to allow specific CSS classes on a particular element, you can do so with the allowedClasses option. Any other CSS classes are discarded.

This implies that the class attribute is allowed on that element.

// Allow only a restricted set of CSS classes and only on the p tag
const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  allowedTags: [ 'p', 'em', 'strong' ],
  allowedClasses: {
    'p': [ 'fancy', 'simple' ]
  }
});

Similar to allowedAttributes, you can use * to allow classes with a certain prefix, or use * as a tag name to allow listed classes to be valid for any tag:

allowedClasses: {
  'code': [ 'language-*', 'lang-*' ],
  '*': [ 'fancy', 'simple' ]
}

Furthermore, regular expressions are supported too:

allowedClasses: {
  p: [ /^regex\d{2}$/ ]
}

Note: It is advised that your regular expressions always begin with ^ so that you are requiring a known prefix. A regular expression with neither ^ nor $ just requires that something appear in the middle.

Allowed CSS Styles

If you wish to allow specific CSS styles on a particular element, you can do that with the allowedStyles option. Simply declare your desired attributes as regular expression options within an array for the given attribute. Specific elements will inherit allowlisted attributes from the global (*) attribute. Any other CSS classes are discarded.

You must also use allowedAttributes to activate the style attribute for the relevant elements. Otherwise this feature will never come into play.

When constructing regular expressions, don't forget ^ and $. It's not enough to say "the string should contain this." It must also say "and only this."

URLs in inline styles are NOT filtered by any mechanism other than your regular expression.

const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
        allowedTags: ['p'],
        allowedAttributes: {
          'p': ["style"],
        },
        allowedStyles: {
          '*': {
            // Match HEX and RGB
            'color': [/^#(0x)?[0-9a-f]+$/i, /^rgb\(\s*(\d{1,3})\s*,\s*(\d{1,3})\s*,\s*(\d{1,3})\s*\)$/],
            'text-align': [/^left$/, /^right$/, /^center$/],
            // Match any number with px, em, or %
            'font-size': [/^\d+(?:px|em|%)$/]
          },
          'p': {
            'font-size': [/^\d+rem$/]
          }
        }
      });

Discarding text outside of <html></html> tags

Some text editing applications generate HTML to allow copying over to a web application. These can sometimes include undesireable control characters after terminating html tag. By default sanitize-html will not discard these characters, instead returning them in sanitized string. This behaviour can be modified using enforceHtmlBoundary option.

Setting this option to true will instruct sanitize-html to discard all characters outside of html tag boundaries -- before <html> and after </html> tags.

enforceHtmlBoundary: true

htmlparser2 Options

sanitize-html is built on htmlparser2. By default the only option passed down is decodeEntities: true. You can set the options to pass by using the parser option.

Security note: changing the parser settings can be risky. In particular, decodeEntities: false has known security concerns and a complete test suite does not exist for every possible combination of settings when used with sanitize-html. If security is your goal we recommend you use the defaults rather than changing parser, except for the lowerCaseTags option.

const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  allowedTags: ['a'],
  parser: {
    lowerCaseTags: true
  }
});

See the htmlparser2 wiki for the full list of possible options.

Transformations

What if you want to add or change an attribute? What if you want to transform one tag to another? No problem, it's simple!

The easiest way (will change all ol tags to ul tags):

const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  transformTags: {
    'ol': 'ul',
  }
});

The most advanced usage:

const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  transformTags: {
    'ol': function(tagName, attribs) {
      // My own custom magic goes here
      return {
        tagName: 'ul',
        attribs: {
          class: 'foo'
        }
      };
    }
  }
});

You can specify the * wildcard instead of a tag name to transform all tags.

There is also a helper method which should be enough for simple cases in which you want to change the tag and/or add some attributes:

const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  transformTags: {
    'ol': sanitizeHtml.simpleTransform('ul', {class: 'foo'}),
  }
});

The simpleTransform helper method has 3 parameters:

simpleTransform(newTag, newAttributes, shouldMerge)

The last parameter (shouldMerge) is set to true by default. When true, simpleTransform will merge the current attributes with the new ones (newAttributes). When false, all existing attributes are discarded.

You can also add or modify the text contents of a tag:

const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty, {
  transformTags: {
    'a': function(tagName, attribs) {
      return {
        tagName: 'a',
        text: 'Some text'
      };
    }
  }
});

For example, you could transform a link element with missing anchor text:

<a href="http://somelink.com"></a>

To a link with anchor text:

<a href="http://somelink.com">Some text</a>

Filters

You can provide a filter function to remove unwanted tags. Let's suppose we need to remove empty a tags like:

<a href="page.html"></a>

We can do that with the following filter:

sanitizeHtml(
  '<p>This is <a href="http://www.linux.org"></a><br/>Linux</p>',
  {
    exclusiveFilter: function(frame) {
      return frame.tag === 'a' && !frame.text.trim();
    }
  }
);

The frame object supplied to the callback provides the following attributes:

• tag: The tag name, i.e. 'img'.
• attribs: The tag's attributes, i.e. { src: "/path/to/tux.png" }.
• text: The text content of the tag.
• mediaChildren: Immediate child tags that are likely to represent self-contained media (e.g., img, video, picture, iframe). See the mediaTags variable in src/index.js for the full list.
• tagPosition: The index of the tag's position in the result string.

You can also process all text content with a provided filter function. Let's say we want an ellipsis instead of three dots.

<p>some text...</p>

We can do that with the following filter:

sanitizeHtml(
  '<p>some text...</p>',
  {
    textFilter: function(text, tagName) {
      if (['a'