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GulpIO

About

Binary storage format for deep learning on videos.

Status

Install

There are many ways to setup a Python environment for installation. Here we outline an approach using virtualenvironment. Note: this package does not support legacy Python and will only work with Python 3.x.

The following will setup a virtualenvironment and activate it:

$ python -m venv gulpio
$ source gulpio/bin/activate

Then, install the package using:

$ pip install gulpio

Usage

'Gulp' a Dataset

The gulpio package has been designed to be infinitely hackable and to support arbitrary datasets. To this end, we are providing a so-called adapter pattern. Specifically there exists an abstract class in gulpio.adapters: the AbstractDatasetAdapter. In order to ingest your dataset, you basically need to implement your own custom adapter that inherits from this.

You should be able to get going quickly by looking at the following examples, that we use internally to gulp our video datasets.

• The class: gulpio.adapters.Custom20BNJsonAdapter adapters.py
• The script: gulp_20bn_json_videos command line script

And an example invocation would be:

$ gulp_20bn_json_videos videos.json input_dir output_dir
...

Additionally, if you would like to ingest your dataset from the command line, the register_adapter script can be used to generate the command line interface for the new adapter. Write your adapter that inherits from the AbstractDatasetAdapter in the adapter.py file, then simply call:

$ gulp_register_adapter gulpio.adapters <NewAdapterClassName>

The script that provides the command line interface will be in the main directory of the repository. To use it, execute ./new_adapter_class_name.

Sanity check the 'Gulped' Files

A very basic test to check the correctness of the gulped files is provided by the gulp_sanity_check script. For execution run:

$ gulp_sanity_check <folder containing the gulped files>

It tests:

• The presence of any content in the .gulp and .gmeta-files
• The file size of the .gulp file corresponds to the required file size that is given in the .gmeta file
• Duplicate appearances of any video-ids

The file names of the files where any test fails will be printed. Currently no script to fix possible errors is provided, 'regulping' is the only solution.

Read a 'Gulped' Dataset

In order to read from the gulps, you can let yourself be inspired by the following snippet:

# import the main interface for reading
from gulpio import GulpDirectory
# instantiate the GulpDirectory
gulp_directory = GulpDirectory('/tmp/something_something_gulps')
# iterate over all chunks
for chunk in gulp_directory:
    # for each 'video' get the metadata and all frames
    for frames, meta in chunk:
        # do something with the metadata
        for i, f in enumerate(frames):
            # do something with the frames
            pass

Alternatively, a video with a specific id can be directly accessed via:

# import the main interface for reading
from gulpio import GulpDirectory
#instantiate the GulpDirectory
gulp_directory = GulpDirectory('/tmp/something_something_gulps')
frames, meta = gulp_directory[<id>]

For down-sampling or loading only a part of a video, a python slice can be passed as well:

frames, meta = gulp_directory[<id>, slice(1,10,2)]

or:

frames, meta = gulp_directory[<id>, 1:10:2]

Loading Data

You can use GulpIO data iterator and augmentation functions to load GulpIO dataset into memory. For a working example given on different deep learning libraries please refer to examples/GulpIOTrainingExample.ipynb.

We provide archetypical dataset wrappers that work for general supervised cases of image and video datasets. If you need a particular use, you might need to create your own dataset by inheriting dataset.py and overwriting __getitem__ and __len__.

Below is an example loading an image dataset with GulpIO loader and defining augmentation pipeline. Transformations are applied to each instance on the fly. Some transformations have separate video and image versions since some of the augmentations need to be aligned video-wise.

from gulpio.dataset import GulpImageDataset
from gulpio.loader import DataLoader
from gulpio.transforms import Scale, CenterCrop, Compose, UnitNorm

# define data augmentations. Notice that there are different functions for videos and images
transforms = Compose([
                      Scale(28),  # resize image by the shortest edge
                      CenterCrop(28),
                      UnitNorm(),  # instance wise mean and std norm
                    ])

# define dataset wrapper and pick this up by the data loader interface.
dataset = GulpImageDataset('/path/to/train_data', transform=transforms)
loader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=256, shuffle=True, num_workers=0, drop_last=True)

dataset_val = GulpImageDataset('/path/to/validation_data/', transform=transforms)
loader_val = DataLoader(dataset_val, batch_size=256, shuffle=True, num_workers=0, drop_last=True)

Here we iterate through the dataset we loaded. Iterator returns data and label as numpy arrays. You might need to cast these into the format of you deep learning library.

for data, label in loader:
    # train your model here
    # ...

GulpIO data loader is branched from great PyTorch implementation.

Format Description

When gulping a dataset, two different files are created for every chunk: a *.gulp data file that contains the actual data and a *.gmeta meta file that contains the metadata.

The layout of the *.gulp file is as follows:

|-jpeg-|-pad-|-jpeg-|-pad-|...

Essentially, the data file is simply a series of concatenated JPEG images, i.e. the frames of the video. Each frame is padded to be divisible by four bytes, since this makes it easier to read JPEGs from disk.

Here is a more visual example:

As you can see there are 6 records in the example. They have the following paddings and lengths:

The layout of the meta file is a mapping, where each id representing a video is mapped to two further mappings, meta_data, which contains arbitrary, user-defined meta-data. And a triplet, frame_info, which contains the offset (index) into the data file, the number of bytes used for padding and the total length of the frame (including padding). ([<offset>, <padding>, <total_length>].) The frame_info is required to recover the frames from the data file.

'id'
  |
  |-> meta_data: [{}]
  |
  |-> frame_info: [[], [], ...]
.
.
.

By default, the meta file is serialized in JSON format.

For example, here is a meta file snippet:

{"702766": {"frame_info": [[0, 3, 7260],
                           [7260, 3, 7252],
                           [14512, 2, 7256],
                           [21768, 2, 7260],
                           [29028, 1, 7308],
                           [36336, 1, 7344],
                           [43680, 0, 7352],
                           [51032, 1, 7364],
                           [58396, 0, 7348],
                           [65744, 1, 7352],
                           [73096, 1, 7352],
                           [80448, 1, 7408],
                           [87856, 1, 7400],
                           [95256, 0, 7376],
                           [102632, 1, 7384],
                           [110016, 2, 7404],
                           [117420, 0, 7396],
                           [124816, 1, 7400],
                           [132216, 2, 7428],
                           [139644, 1, 7420],
                           [147064, 0, 7428],
                           [154492, 2, 7472],
                           [161964, 3, 7456],
                           [169420, 2, 7444],
                           [176864, 2, 7436]],
            "meta_data":  [{"label": "something something",
                            "id":    702766}]},
 "803959": {"frame_info": [[184300, 1, 9256],
                           [193556, 3, 9232],
                           [202788, 2, 9340],
                           [212128, 2, 9184],
                           [221312, 1, 9112],
                           [230424, 3, 9100],
                           [239524, 0, 9144],
                           [248668, 1, 9120],
                           [257788, 0, 9104],
                           [266892, 0, 9220],
                           [276112, 1, 9140],
                           [285252, 1, 9076],
                           [294328, 2, 9100],
                           [303428, 0, 9224],
                           [312652, 3, 9200],
                           [321852, 3, 9136],
                           [330988, 2, 9136],
                           [340124, 1, 9152],
                           [349276, 0, 8984],
                           [358260, 1, 9048],
                           [367308, 0, 9116],
                           [376424, 1, 9136],
                           [385560, 1, 9108],
                           [394668, 2, 9084],
                           [403752, 1, 9112],
                           [412864, 2, 9108]],
            "meta_data":  [{"label": "something something",
                            "id":    803959}]},
 "803957": {"frame_info": [[421972, 2, 8592],
                           [430564, 1, 8608],
                           [439172, 2, 8872],
                           [448044, 3, 8852],
                           [456896, 2, 8860],
                           [465756, 0, 8908],
                           [474664, 2, 8912],
                           [483576, 1, 8884],
                           [492460, 1, 8752],
                           [501212, 3, 8692],
                           [509904, 0, 8612],
                           [518516, 0, 8816],
                           [527332, 2, 8784],
                           [536116, 1, 8840],
                           [544956, 1, 8844],
                           [553800, 1, 8988],
                           [562788, 0, 8992],
                           [571780, 0, 8972],
                           [580752, 3, 9044],
                           [589796, 2, 9012],
                           [598808, 3, 9060],
                           [607868, 2, 9032],
                           [616900, 1, 9052],
                           [625952, 2, 9056],
                           [635008, 0, 9084],
                           [644092, 2, 9100]],
            "meta_data":  [{"label": "something something",
                            "id":    803957}]},
 "773430": {"frame_info": [[653192, 1, 7964],
                           [661156, 2, 7996],
                           [669152, 1, 7960],
                           [677112, 0, 8024],
                           [685136, 0, 8008],
                           [693144, 1, 7972],
                           [701116, 0, 7980],
                           [709096, 0, 8036],
                           [717132, 0, 8016],
                           [725148, 0, 8016],
                           [733164, 1, 8004],
                           [741168, 1, 8008],
                           [749176, 1, 7996],
                           [757172, 1, 8016],
                           [765188, 1, 8032],
                           [773220, 0, 8040],
                           [781260, 2, 8044],
                           [789304, 2, 8004],
                           [797308, 1, 8008],
                           [805316, 0, 8056],
                           [813372, 3, 8088],
                           [821460, 0, 8044]],
            "meta_data":  [{"label": "something something",
                            "id":    773430}]},
 "803963": {"frame_info": [[829504, 2, 8952],
                           [838456, 1, 8928],
                           [847384, 0, 8972],
                           [856356, 1, 8992],
                           [865348, 1, 8936],
                           [874284, 1, 8992],
                           [883276, 3, 8988],
                           [892264, 1, 9008],
                           [901272, 2, 8996],
                           [910268, 2, 8976],
                           [919244, 0, 9180],
                           [928424, 0, 9128],
                           [937552, 2, 9100],
                           [946652, 2, 9096],
                           [955748, 3, 9044],
                           [964792, 0, 9096],
                           [973888, 2, 9068],
                           [982956, 1, 8996],
                           [991952, 3, 8928],
                           [1000880, 1, 9040],
                           [1009920, 0, 9084],
                           [1019004, 0, 9076],
                           [1028080, 2, 9056],
                           [1037136, 2, 9040],
                           [1046176, 2, 9052],
                           [1055228, 3, 9096]],
            "meta_data":  [{"label": "something something",
                            "id":    803963}]}
}

Benchmarks

• Benchmarks are available in a seperate repo: https://github.com/TwentyBN/GulpIO-benchmarks

Other Formats

• Inspired by: MXNet based RecordIO: http://mxnet.io/architecture/note_data_loading.html

License

Copyright (c) 2017 Twenty Billion Neurons GmbH, Berlin, Germany

MIT License

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.