Firebird::string pagtype(UCHAR type)
{
	// Print pretty name for database page type

	const char* nameArray[pag_max + 1] = {
		"purposely undefined",
		"database header",
		"page inventory",
		"transaction inventory",
		"pointer",
		"data",
		"index root",
		"index B-tree",
		"blob",
		"generators",
		"SCN inventory"
	};

	Firebird::string rc;
	if (type < FB_NELEM(nameArray))
		rc = nameArray[type];
	else
		rc.printf("unknown (%d)", type);

	return rc;
}

bool readenv(const char* env_name, Firebird::PathName& env_value)
{
	Firebird::string result;
	bool rc = readenv(env_name, result);
	env_value.assign(result.c_str(), result.length());
	return rc;
}

// create directory for lock files and set appropriate access rights
void createLockDirectory(const char* pathname)
{
	static bool errorLogged = false;

	DWORD attr = GetFileAttributes(pathname);
	DWORD errcode = 0;
	if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
	{
		errcode = GetLastError();
		if (errcode == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
		{
			if (!CreateDirectory(pathname, NULL)) {
				errcode = GetLastError();
			}
			else
			{
				adjustLockDirectoryAccess(pathname);

				attr = GetFileAttributes(pathname);
				if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
					errcode = GetLastError();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	Firebird::string err;
	if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
	{
		err.printf("Can't create directory \"%s\". OS errno is %d", pathname, errcode);
		if (!errorLogged)
		{
			errorLogged = true;
			gds__log(err.c_str());
		}
		Firebird::fatal_exception::raise(err.c_str());
	}

	if (!(attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
	{
		err.printf("Can't create directory \"%s\". File with same name already exists", pathname);
		if (!errorLogged)
		{
			errorLogged = true;
			gds__log(err.c_str());
		}
		Firebird::fatal_exception::raise(err.c_str());
	}

	if (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
	{
		err.printf("Can't create directory \"%s\". Readonly directory with same name already exists", pathname);
		if (!errorLogged)
		{
			errorLogged = true;
			gds__log(err.c_str());
		}
		Firebird::fatal_exception::raise(err.c_str());
	}
}

ModuleLoader::Module* ModuleLoader::loadModule(ISC_STATUS* status, const Firebird::PathName& modPath)
{
	void* module = dlopen(modPath.nullStr(), FB_RTLD_MODE);
	if (module == NULL)
	{
		if (status)
		{
			status[0] = isc_arg_gds;
			status[1] = isc_random;
			status[2] = isc_arg_string;
			status[3] = (ISC_STATUS) dlerror();
			status[4] = isc_arg_end;
		}

		return 0;
	}

#ifdef DEBUG_THREAD_IN_UNLOADED_LIBRARY
	Firebird::string command;
	command.printf("echo +++ %s +++ >>/tmp/fbmaps;date >> /tmp/fbmaps;cat /proc/%d/maps >>/tmp/fbmaps",
		modPath.c_str(), getpid());
	system(command.c_str());
#endif

	return FB_NEW_POOL(*getDefaultMemoryPool()) DlfcnModule(*getDefaultMemoryPool(), modPath, module);
}

TracePlugin* FB_CARG TraceFactoryImpl::trace_create(Firebird::IStatus* status, TraceInitInfo* initInfo)
{
	Firebird::MasterInterfacePtr master;
	const char* dbname = NULL;
	try
	{
		master->upgradeInterface(initInfo, FB_TRACE_INIT_INFO_VERSION, upInfo);

		dbname = initInfo->getDatabaseName();
		if (!dbname)
			dbname = "";

		TracePluginConfig config;
		TraceCfgReader::readTraceConfiguration(initInfo->getConfigText(), dbname, config);

		TraceDatabaseConnection* connection = initInfo->getConnection();
		if (connection)
			master->upgradeInterface(connection, FB_TRACE_CONNECTION_VERSION, upInfo);

		if (!config.enabled ||
			(config.connection_id && connection &&
				(connection->getConnectionID() != SLONG(config.connection_id))))
		{
			return NULL; // Plugin is not needed, no error happened.
		}

		Firebird::AutoPtr<TraceLogWriter, Firebird::SimpleRelease<TraceLogWriter> >
			logWriter(initInfo->getLogWriter());

		if (logWriter)
			config.log_filename = "";

		return new TracePluginImpl(config, initInfo);	// Everything is ok, we created a plugin

	}
	catch (Firebird::Exception& ex)
	{
		// put error into trace log
		TraceLogWriter* logWriter = initInfo->getLogWriter();
		if (logWriter)
		{
			master->upgradeInterface(logWriter, FB_TRACE_LOG_WRITER_VERSION, upInfo);
			const char* strEx = TracePluginImpl::marshal_exception(ex);
			Firebird::string err;
			if (dbname)
				err.printf("Error creating trace session for database \"%s\":\n%s\n", dbname, strEx);
			else
				err.printf("Error creating trace session for service manager attachment:\n%s\n", strEx);

			logWriter->write(err.c_str(), err.length());
			logWriter->release();
		}
		else
			ex.stuffException(status);
	}

	return NULL;
}

	void prepareName(Firebird::string& s, char c)
	{
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i)
		{
			if (s[i] == c)
			{
				s.insert(i++, 1, c);
			}
		}
	}

void Stream::format(const char *pattern, ...)
{
	Firebird::string temp;

	va_list		args;
	va_start	(args, pattern);
	temp.vprintf(pattern, args);
	va_end(args);

	putSegment (temp.c_str());
}

void ExecuteStatement::open(thread_db* tdbb, jrd_nod* sql, SSHORT nVars, bool singleton)
{
    SET_TDBB(tdbb);

    Attachment* const attachment = tdbb->getAttachment();
    jrd_tra* transaction = tdbb->getTransaction();

    if (transaction->tra_callback_count >= MAX_CALLBACKS)
    {
        ERR_post(Arg::Gds(isc_exec_sql_max_call_exceeded));
    }

    varCount = nVars;
    singleMode = singleton;

    Firebird::string sqlText;
    getString(tdbb, sqlText, EVL_expr(tdbb, sql), tdbb->getRequest());
    memcpy(startOfSqlOperator, sqlText.c_str(), sizeof(startOfSqlOperator) - 1);
    startOfSqlOperator[sizeof(startOfSqlOperator) - 1] = 0;

    transaction->tra_callback_count++;

    try
    {
        stmt = attachment->prepareStatement(tdbb, *tdbb->getDefaultPool(), transaction, sqlText);

        if (stmt->getResultCount() == 0)
        {
            delete stmt;
            stmt = NULL;

            ERR_post(Arg::Gds(isc_exec_sql_invalid_req) << Arg::Str(startOfSqlOperator));
        }

        if (stmt->getResultCount() != varCount)
        {
            delete stmt;
            stmt = NULL;

            ERR_post(Arg::Gds(isc_wronumarg));
        }

        resultSet = stmt->executeQuery(tdbb, transaction);

        fb_assert(transaction == tdbb->getTransaction());
    }
    catch (const Firebird::Exception&)
    {
        transaction->tra_callback_count--;
        throw;
    }

    transaction->tra_callback_count--;
}

void* DlfcnModule::findSymbol(const Firebird::string& symName)
{
	void* result = dlsym(module, symName.c_str());
	if (result == NULL)
	{
		Firebird::string newSym ='_' + symName;
		result = dlsym(module, newSym.c_str());
	}
	return result;

}

void iscDbLogStatus(const TEXT* text, Firebird::IStatus* status)
{
	const TEXT* hdr = NULL;
	Firebird::string buf;
	if (text)
	{
		buf = "Database: ";
		buf += text;
		hdr = buf.c_str();
	}
	iscLogStatus(hdr, status);
}

Firebird::string Stream::getFBString() const
{
	Firebird::string string;
	char *p = string.getBuffer (totalLength);

	for (const Segment *segment = segments; segment; segment = segment->next)
	{
		memcpy (p, segment->address, segment->length);
		p += segment->length;
	}

	fb_assert(p - string.begin() == totalLength);

	return string;
}

// converts bytes to BASE64 representation
void base64(Firebird::string& b64, const Firebird::UCharBuffer& bin)
{
	b64.erase();
	const unsigned char* f = bin.begin();
	for (int i = bin.getCount(); i > 0; i -= 3, f += 3)
	{
		if (i >= 3)
		{
			const ULONG l = (ULONG(f[0]) << 16) | (ULONG(f[1]) <<  8) | f[2];
			b64 += conv_bin2ascii(l >> 18);
			b64 += conv_bin2ascii(l >> 12);
			b64 += conv_bin2ascii(l >> 6);
			b64 += conv_bin2ascii(l);
		}
		else
		{
			ULONG l = ULONG(f[0]) << 16;
			if (i == 2)
				l |= (ULONG(f[1]) << 8);
			b64 += conv_bin2ascii(l >> 18);
			b64 += conv_bin2ascii(l >> 12);
			b64 += (i == 1 ? '=' : conv_bin2ascii(l >> 6));
			b64 += '=';
		}
	}

static void alice_output(bool error, const SCHAR* format, ...)
{

	AliceGlobals* tdgbl = AliceGlobals::getSpecific();

	va_list arglist;
	va_start(arglist, format);
	Firebird::string buf;
	buf.vprintf(format, arglist);
	va_end(arglist);

	if (error)
		tdgbl->uSvc->outputError(buf.c_str());
	else
		tdgbl->uSvc->outputVerbose(buf.c_str());
}

static void stuff_stack_trace(const jrd_req* request)
{
	Firebird::string sTrace;
	bool isEmpty = true;

	for (const jrd_req* req = request; req; req = req->req_caller)
	{
		const JrdStatement* statement = req->getStatement();
		Firebird::string name;

		if (statement->triggerName.length())
		{
			name = "At trigger '";
			name += statement->triggerName.c_str();
		}
		else if (statement->procedure)
		{
			name = statement->parentStatement ? "At sub procedure '" : "At procedure '";
			name += statement->procedure->getName().toString().c_str();
		}
		else if (statement->function)
		{
			name = statement->parentStatement ? "At sub function '" : "At function '";
			name += statement->function->getName().toString().c_str();
		}

		if (! name.isEmpty())
		{
			name.trim();

			if (sTrace.length() + name.length() + 2 > MAX_STACK_TRACE)
				break;

			if (isEmpty)
			{
				isEmpty = false;
				sTrace += name + "'";
			}
			else {
				sTrace += "\n" + name + "'";
			}

			if (req->req_src_line)
			{
				Firebird::string src_info;
				src_info.printf(" line: %"ULONGFORMAT", col: %"ULONGFORMAT,
								req->req_src_line, req->req_src_column);

				if (sTrace.length() + src_info.length() > MAX_STACK_TRACE)
					break;

				sTrace += src_info;
			}
		}
	}

	if (!isEmpty)
		ERR_post_nothrow(Arg::Gds(isc_stack_trace) << Arg::Str(sTrace));
}

ISC_STATUS API_ROUTINE isc_delete_user(ISC_STATUS* status, const USER_SEC_DATA* input_user_data)
{
/**************************************
 *
 *      i s c _ d e l e t e _ u s e r
 *
 **************************************
 *
 * Functional description
 *      Deletes a user from the server's security
 *	    database.
 *      Return 0 if the user was deleted
 *
 *	    Return > 0 if any error occurs.
 *
 **************************************/
	Auth::StackUserData userInfo;
	userInfo.op = Auth::DEL_OPER;
	Firebird::LocalStatus s;
	Firebird::CheckStatusWrapper statusWrapper(&s);

	if (input_user_data->user_name)
	{
		Firebird::string work = input_user_data->user_name;
		if (work.length() > USERNAME_LENGTH) {
			return user_error(status, isc_usrname_too_long);
		}

		Firebird::string::size_type l = work.find(' ');
		if (l != Firebird::string::npos) {
			work.resize(l);
		}

		userInfo.user.set(&statusWrapper, work.c_str());
		Firebird::check(&statusWrapper);
		userInfo.user.setEntered(&statusWrapper, 1);
		Firebird::check(&statusWrapper);
	}
	else {
		return user_error(status, isc_usrname_required);
	}

	return executeSecurityCommand(status, input_user_data, userInfo);
}

// static function
bool Switches::matchSwitch(const Firebird::string& sw, const char* target, size_t n)
{
/**************************************
 *
 *	m a t c h S w i t c h
 *
 **************************************
 *
 * Functional description
 *	Returns true if switch matches target
 *
 **************************************/
	if (n < sw.length())
	{
		return false;
	}
	n = sw.length();
	return memcmp(sw.c_str(), target, n) == 0;
}

// Lookup and format message.  Return as much of formatted string as fits in caller's buffer.
int fb_msg_format(void* handle, USHORT facility, USHORT number, unsigned int bsize, TEXT* buffer,
	const MsgFormat::SafeArg& arg)
{
	// The field MESSAGES.TEXT is 118 bytes long.
	int total_msg = 0;
	char msg[120] = "";
	const int n = gds__msg_lookup(handle, facility, number, sizeof(msg), msg, NULL);

	if (n > 0 && unsigned(n) < sizeof(msg))
	{
		// Shameful bridge, gds__msg_format emulation for old format messages.
		if (strchr(msg, '%'))
		{
			const TEXT* rep[5];
			arg.dump(rep, 5);
			total_msg = fb_utils::snprintf(buffer, bsize, msg, rep[0], rep[1], rep[2], rep[3], rep[4]);
		}
		else
			total_msg = MsgPrint(buffer, bsize, msg, arg);
	}
	else
	{
		Firebird::string s;
		s.printf("can't format message %d:%d -- ", facility, number);
		if (n == -1)
			s += "message text not found";
		else if (n == -2)
		{
			s += "message file ";
			s += fb_utils::getPrefix(Firebird::DirType::FB_DIR_MSG, MSG_FILE).ToString();
			s += " not found";
		}
		else
		{
			fb_utils::snprintf(buffer, bsize, "message system code %d", n);
			s += buffer;
		}
		total_msg = s.copyTo(buffer, bsize);
	}

	return (n > 0 ? total_msg : -total_msg);
}

// fetch password from file
FetchPassResult fetchPassword(const Firebird::PathName& name, const char*& password)
{
	InputFile file(name);
	if (!file)
	{
		return FETCH_PASS_FILE_OPEN_ERROR;
	}

	Firebird::string pwd;
	if (! pwd.LoadFromFile(file.getStdioFile()))
	{
		return ferror(file.getStdioFile()) ? FETCH_PASS_FILE_READ_ERROR : FETCH_PASS_FILE_EMPTY;
	}

	// this is planned leak of a few bytes of memory in utilities
	char* pass = FB_NEW_POOL(*getDefaultMemoryPool()) char[pwd.length() + 1];
	pwd.copyTo(pass, pwd.length() + 1);
	password = pass;
	return FETCH_PASS_OK;
}

ModuleLoader::Module* ModuleLoader::loadModule(const Firebird::PathName& modPath)
{
	void* module = dlopen(modPath.nullStr(), FB_RTLD_MODE);
	if (module == NULL)
	{
#ifdef DEV_BUILD
//		gds__log("loadModule failed loading %s: %s", modPath.c_str(), dlerror());
#endif
		return 0;
	}

#ifdef DEBUG_THREAD_IN_UNLOADED_LIBRARY
	Firebird::string command;
	command.printf("echo +++ %s +++ >>/tmp/fbmaps;date >> /tmp/fbmaps;cat /proc/%d/maps >>/tmp/fbmaps",
		modPath.c_str(), getpid());
	system(command.c_str());
#endif

	return FB_NEW_POOL(*getDefaultMemoryPool()) DlfcnModule(module);
}

size_t PAR_name(CompilerScratch* csb, Firebird::string& name)
{
/**************************************
 *
 *	P A R _ n a m e
 *
 **************************************
 *
 * Functional description
 *	Parse a counted string of virtually unlimited size
 *  (up to 64K, actually <= 255), returning count.
 *
 **************************************/
	size_t l = csb->csb_blr_reader.getByte();
	char* s = name.getBuffer(l);

	while (l--)
		*s++ = csb->csb_blr_reader.getByte();

	return name.length();
}