/*
 * Decide whether a cached PLyProcedure struct is still valid
 */
static bool
PLy_procedure_valid(PLyProcedure *proc, HeapTuple procTup)
{
	int			i;
	bool		valid;

	Assert(proc != NULL);

	/* If the pg_proc tuple has changed, it's not valid */
	if (!(proc->fn_xmin == HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(procTup->t_data) &&
		  ItemPointerEquals(&proc->fn_tid, &procTup->t_self)))
		return false;

	/* Else check the input argument datatypes */
	valid = true;
	for (i = 0; i < proc->nargs; i++)
	{
		valid = PLy_procedure_argument_valid(&proc->args[i]);

		/* Short-circuit on first changed argument */
		if (!valid)
			break;
	}

	/* if the output type is composite, it might have changed */
	if (valid)
		valid = PLy_procedure_argument_valid(&proc->result);

	return valid;
}

/*
 * Check if our cached information about a datatype is still valid
 */
static bool
PLy_procedure_argument_valid(PLyTypeInfo *arg)
{
	HeapTuple	relTup;
	bool		valid;

	/* Nothing to cache unless type is composite */
	if (arg->is_rowtype != 1)
		return true;

	/*
	 * Zero typ_relid means that we got called on an output argument of a
	 * function returning a unnamed record type; the info for it can't change.
	 */
	if (!OidIsValid(arg->typ_relid))
		return true;

	/* Else we should have some cached data */
	Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(arg->typrel_xmin));
	Assert(ItemPointerIsValid(&arg->typrel_tid));

	/* Get the pg_class tuple for the data type */
	relTup = SearchSysCache1(RELOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(arg->typ_relid));
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(relTup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", arg->typ_relid);

	/* If it has changed, the cached data is not valid */
	valid = (arg->typrel_xmin == HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(relTup->t_data) &&
			 ItemPointerEquals(&arg->typrel_tid, &relTup->t_self));

	ReleaseSysCache(relTup);

	return valid;
}

/*
 * MUST BE CALLED ONLY ON RECOVERY.
 *
 * Check if exists valid (inserted by not aborted xaction) heap tuple
 * for given item pointer
 */
bool
XLogIsValidTuple(RelFileNode hnode, ItemPointer iptr)
{
	Relation	reln;
	Buffer		buffer;
	Page		page;
	ItemId		lp;
	HeapTupleHeader htup;

	reln = XLogOpenRelation(false, RM_HEAP_ID, hnode);
	if (!RelationIsValid(reln))
		return (false);

	buffer = ReadBuffer(reln, ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(iptr));
	if (!BufferIsValid(buffer))
		return (false);

	LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE);
	page = (Page) BufferGetPage(buffer);
	if (PageIsNew((PageHeader) page) ||
		ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(iptr) > PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page))
	{
		UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		return (false);
	}

	if (PageGetSUI(page) != ThisStartUpID)
	{
		Assert(PageGetSUI(page) < ThisStartUpID);
		UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		return (true);
	}

	lp = PageGetItemId(page, ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(iptr));
	if (!ItemIdIsUsed(lp) || ItemIdDeleted(lp))
	{
		UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		return (false);
	}

	htup = (HeapTupleHeader) PageGetItem(page, lp);

	/* MUST CHECK WASN'T TUPLE INSERTED IN PREV STARTUP */

	if (!(htup->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED))
	{
		if (htup->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_INVALID ||
			(htup->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_IN &&
			 TransactionIdDidAbort(HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(htup))) ||
			TransactionIdDidAbort(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(htup)))
		{
			UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
			return (false);
		}
	}

	UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
	return (true);
}

/*
 * This function performs checks for certain system tables to validate tuple
 * fetched from table has the key, using which it was fetched from index.
 */
static void
CrossCheckTuple(int cacheId,
		Datum key1,
		Datum key2,
		Datum key3,
		Datum key4,
		HeapTuple tuple)
{
	Form_pg_class rd_rel;

	switch (cacheId)
	{
		case RELOID:
			if (HeapTupleGetOid(tuple) != DatumGetObjectId(key1))
			{
				elog(ERROR, "pg_class_oid_index is broken, oid=%d is pointing to tuple with oid=%d (xmin:%u xmax:%u)",
					DatumGetObjectId(key1), HeapTupleGetOid(tuple),
					HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin((tuple)->t_data),
					HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax((tuple)->t_data));
			}
			break;
		case RELNAMENSP:
			rd_rel = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
			if (strncmp(rd_rel->relname.data, DatumGetCString(key1), NAMEDATALEN) != 0)
			{
				elog(ERROR, "pg_class_relname_nsp_index is broken, intended tuple with name \"%s\" fetched \"%s\""
					" (xmin:%u xmax:%u)",
					DatumGetCString(key1), rd_rel->relname.data,
					HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin((tuple)->t_data),
					HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax((tuple)->t_data));
			}
			break;
		case TYPEOID:
			if (HeapTupleGetOid(tuple) != DatumGetObjectId(key1))
			{
				elog(ERROR, "pg_type_oid_index is broken, oid=%d is pointing to tuple with oid=%d (xmin:%u xmax:%u)",
					DatumGetObjectId(key1), HeapTupleGetOid(tuple),
					HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin((tuple)->t_data),
					HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax((tuple)->t_data));
			}
			break;
	}
}

/* ----------------
 *		heap_getsysattr
 *
 *		Fetch the value of a system attribute for a tuple.
 *
 * This is a support routine for the heap_getattr macro.  The macro
 * has already determined that the attnum refers to a system attribute.
 * ----------------
 */
Datum
heap_getsysattr(HeapTuple tup, int attnum, bool *isnull)
{
	Datum		result;

	Assert(tup);
	Assert(!is_heaptuple_memtuple(tup));

	/* Currently, no sys attribute ever reads as NULL. */
	if (isnull)
		*isnull = false;

	switch (attnum)
	{
		case SelfItemPointerAttributeNumber:
			/* pass-by-reference datatype */
			result = PointerGetDatum(&(tup->t_self));
			break;
		case ObjectIdAttributeNumber:
			result = ObjectIdGetDatum(HeapTupleGetOid(tup));
			break;
		case MinTransactionIdAttributeNumber:
			result = TransactionIdGetDatum(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tup->t_data));
			break;
		case MaxTransactionIdAttributeNumber:
			result = TransactionIdGetDatum(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(tup->t_data));
			break;
		case MinCommandIdAttributeNumber:
		case MaxCommandIdAttributeNumber:

			/*
			 * cmin and cmax are now both aliases for the same field, which
			 * can in fact also be a combo command id.	XXX perhaps we should
			 * return the "real" cmin or cmax if possible, that is if we are
			 * inside the originating transaction?
			 */
			result = CommandIdGetDatum(HeapTupleHeaderGetRawCommandId(tup->t_data));
			break;
		case TableOidAttributeNumber:
            /* CDB: Must now use a TupleTableSlot to access the 'tableoid'. */
			result = ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid);
			elog(ERROR, "Invalid reference to \"tableoid\" system attribute");
			break;
		case GpSegmentIdAttributeNumber:                       /*CDB*/
			result = Int32GetDatum(Gp_segment);
			break;
		default:
			elog(ERROR, "invalid attnum: %d", attnum);
			result = 0;			/* keep compiler quiet */
			break;
	}
	return result;
}

CommandId
HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(HeapTupleHeader tup)
{
	CommandId	cid = HeapTupleHeaderGetRawCommandId(tup);

	Assert(!(tup->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED));

	if (tup->t_infomask & HEAP_COMBOCID)
		return GetRealCmin(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tup), cid);
	else
		return cid;
}

/*
 * Given a tuple we are about to delete, determine the correct value to store
 * into its t_cid field.
 *
 * If we don't need a combo CID, *cmax is unchanged and *iscombo is set to
 * FALSE.  If we do need one, *cmax is replaced by a combo CID and *iscombo
 * is set to TRUE.
 *
 * The reason this is separate from the actual HeapTupleHeaderSetCmax()
 * operation is that this could fail due to out-of-memory conditions.  Hence
 * we need to do this before entering the critical section that actually
 * changes the tuple in shared buffers.
 */
void
HeapTupleHeaderAdjustCmax(HeapTupleHeader tup,
						  CommandId *cmax,
						  bool *iscombo)
{
	/*
	 * If we're marking a tuple deleted that was inserted by (any
	 * subtransaction of) our transaction, we need to use a combo command id.
	 * Test for HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED first, because it's cheaper than a
	 * TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId call.
	 */
	if (!(tup->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED) &&
		TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tup)))
	{
		CommandId	cmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetRawCommandId(tup);

		*cmax = GetComboCommandId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tup), cmin, *cmax);
		*iscombo = true;
	}
	else
	{
		*iscombo = false;
	}
}

/*
 * Check if specified heap tuple was inserted by given
 * xaction/command and return
 *
 * - -1 if not
 * - 0	if there is no tuple at all
 * - 1	if yes
 */
int
XLogIsOwnerOfTuple(RelFileNode hnode, ItemPointer iptr,
				   TransactionId xid, CommandId cid)
{
	Relation	reln;
	Buffer		buffer;
	Page		page;
	ItemId		lp;
	HeapTupleHeader htup;

	reln = XLogOpenRelation(false, RM_HEAP_ID, hnode);
	if (!RelationIsValid(reln))
		return (0);

	buffer = ReadBuffer(reln, ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(iptr));
	if (!BufferIsValid(buffer))
		return (0);

	LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE);
	page = (Page) BufferGetPage(buffer);
	if (PageIsNew((PageHeader) page) ||
		ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(iptr) > PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page))
	{
		UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		return (0);
	}
	lp = PageGetItemId(page, ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(iptr));
	if (!ItemIdIsUsed(lp) || ItemIdDeleted(lp))
	{
		UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		return (0);
	}

	htup = (HeapTupleHeader) PageGetItem(page, lp);

	Assert(PageGetSUI(page) == ThisStartUpID);
	if (!TransactionIdEquals(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(htup), xid) ||
		HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(htup) != cid)
	{
		UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
		return (-1);
	}

	UnlockAndReleaseBuffer(buffer);
	return (1);
}

CommandId
HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(HeapTupleHeader tup)
{
	CommandId	cid = HeapTupleHeaderGetRawCommandId(tup);

	/* We do not store cmax when locking a tuple */
	Assert(!(tup->t_infomask & (HEAP_MOVED | HEAP_IS_LOCKED)));

	/*
	 * MPP-8317: cursors can't always *tell* that this is the current transaction.
	 */
	Assert(QEDtxContextInfo.cursorContext || TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(tup)));

	if (tup->t_infomask & HEAP_COMBOCID)
		return GetRealCmax(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tup), cid);
	else
		return cid;
}

/*
 * Register a dead tuple with an ongoing rewrite. Dead tuples are not
 * copied to the new table, but we still make note of them so that we
 * can release some resources earlier.
 *
 * Returns true if a tuple was removed from the unresolved_tups table.
 * This indicates that that tuple, previously thought to be "recently dead",
 * is now known really dead and won't be written to the output.
 */
bool
rewrite_heap_dead_tuple(RewriteState state, HeapTuple old_tuple)
{
	/*
	 * If we have already seen an earlier tuple in the update chain that
	 * points to this tuple, let's forget about that earlier tuple. It's in
	 * fact dead as well, our simple xmax < OldestXmin test in
	 * HeapTupleSatisfiesVacuum just wasn't enough to detect it. It happens
	 * when xmin of a tuple is greater than xmax, which sounds
	 * counter-intuitive but is perfectly valid.
	 *
	 * We don't bother to try to detect the situation the other way round,
	 * when we encounter the dead tuple first and then the recently dead one
	 * that points to it. If that happens, we'll have some unmatched entries
	 * in the UnresolvedTups hash table at the end. That can happen anyway,
	 * because a vacuum might have removed the dead tuple in the chain before
	 * us.
	 */
	UnresolvedTup unresolved;
	TidHashKey	hashkey;
	bool		found;

	memset(&hashkey, 0, sizeof(hashkey));
	hashkey.xmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(old_tuple->t_data);
	hashkey.tid = old_tuple->t_self;

	unresolved = hash_search(state->rs_unresolved_tups, &hashkey,
							 HASH_FIND, NULL);

	if (unresolved != NULL)
	{
		/* Need to free the contained tuple as well as the hashtable entry */
		heap_freetuple(unresolved->tuple);
		hash_search(state->rs_unresolved_tups, &hashkey,
					HASH_REMOVE, &found);
		Assert(found);
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/*
 * PyPgFunction_IsCurrent - determine if the current pg_proc entry is newer than 'func'
 */
bool
PyPgFunction_IsCurrent(PyObj func)
{
	HeapTuple ht;
	ItemPointerData fn_tid;
	TransactionId fn_xmin, last_fn_xmin;

	last_fn_xmin = PyPgFunction_GetXMin(func);
	if (last_fn_xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
	{
		/* pseudo-function */
		return(true);
	}

	ht = SearchSysCache(PROCOID, PyPgFunction_GetOid(func), 0, 0, 0);
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(ht))
		return(false);

	fn_xmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(ht->t_data);
	fn_tid = ht->t_self;
	ReleaseSysCache(ht);

	if (last_fn_xmin != fn_xmin ||
		!ItemPointerEquals(PyPgFunction_GetItemPointer(func), &fn_tid))
	{
		return(false);
	}

	if (!PyPgTupleDesc_IsCurrent(PyPgFunction_GetInput(func)))
	{
		return(false);
	}

	if (!PyPgType_IsCurrent(PyPgFunction_GetOutput(func)))
		return(false);

	return(true);
}

/*
 * Check whether a tuple is all-visible relative to a given OldestXmin value.
 * The buffer should contain the tuple and should be locked and pinned.
 */
static bool
tuple_all_visible(HeapTuple tup, TransactionId OldestXmin, Buffer buffer)
{
    HTSV_Result state;
    TransactionId xmin;

    state = HeapTupleSatisfiesVacuum(tup, OldestXmin, buffer);
    if (state != HEAPTUPLE_LIVE)
        return false;			/* all-visible implies live */

    /*
     * Neither lazy_scan_heap nor heap_page_is_all_visible will mark a page
     * all-visible unless every tuple is hinted committed. However, those hint
     * bits could be lost after a crash, so we can't be certain that they'll
     * be set here.  So just check the xmin.
     */

    xmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tup->t_data);
    if (!TransactionIdPrecedes(xmin, OldestXmin))
        return false;			/* xmin not old enough for all to see */

    return true;
}

/*
 * HeapTupleSatisfiesItself
 *		True iff heap tuple is valid "for itself".
 *
 *	Here, we consider the effects of:
 *		all committed transactions (as of the current instant)
 *		previous commands of this transaction
 *		changes made by the current command
 *
 * Note:
 *		Assumes heap tuple is valid.
 *
 * The satisfaction of "itself" requires the following:
 *
 * ((Xmin == my-transaction &&				the row was updated by the current transaction, and
 *		(Xmax is null						it was not deleted
 *		 [|| Xmax != my-transaction)])			[or it was deleted by another transaction]
 * ||
 *
 * (Xmin is committed &&					the row was modified by a committed transaction, and
 *		(Xmax is null ||					the row has not been deleted, or
 *			(Xmax != my-transaction &&			the row was deleted by another transaction
 *			 Xmax is not committed)))			that has not been committed
 */
bool
HeapTupleSatisfiesItself(HeapTupleHeader tuple)
{
	if (!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED))
	{
		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_INVALID)
			return false;

		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_OFF)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
				return false;
			if (!TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
				{
					tuple->t_infomask |= HEAP_XMIN_INVALID;
					return false;
				}
				tuple->t_infomask |= HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED;
			}
		}
		else if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_IN)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
					return false;
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
					tuple->t_infomask |= HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED;
				else
				{
					tuple->t_infomask |= HEAP_XMIN_INVALID;
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
		{
			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid */
				return true;

			Assert(TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(tuple)));

			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MARKED_FOR_UPDATE)
				return true;

			return false;
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
			return false;
		else if (TransactionIdDidCommit(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
			tuple->t_infomask |= HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED;
		else
		{
			/* it must have aborted or crashed */
			tuple->t_infomask |= HEAP_XMIN_INVALID;
			return false;
		}
	}

	/* by here, the inserting transaction has committed */

	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid or aborted */
		return true;

	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED)
	{
		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MARKED_FOR_UPDATE)
			return true;
		return false;			/* updated by other */
	}
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

			/*
			 * We can't do anything more now, since we don't know where the
			 * tuple will be written.
			 */
			MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_cxt);
			return;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Now we will write the tuple, and then check to see if it is the B tuple
	 * in any new or known pair.  When we resolve a known pair, we will be
	 * able to write that pair's A tuple, and then we have to check if it
	 * resolves some other pair.  Hence, we need a loop here.
	 */
	old_tid = old_tuple->t_self;
	free_new = false;

	for (;;)
	{
		ItemPointerData new_tid;

		/* Insert the tuple and find out where it's put in new_heap */
		raw_heap_insert(state, new_tuple);
		new_tid = new_tuple->t_self;

		/*
		 * If the tuple is the updated version of a row, and the prior version
		 * wouldn't be DEAD yet, then we need to either resolve the prior
		 * version (if it's waiting in rs_unresolved_tups), or make an entry
		 * in rs_old_new_tid_map (so we can resolve it when we do see it). The
		 * previous tuple's xmax would equal this one's xmin, so it's
		 * RECENTLY_DEAD if and only if the xmin is not before OldestXmin.
		 */
		if ((new_tuple->t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_UPDATED) &&
			!TransactionIdPrecedes(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(new_tuple->t_data),
								   state->rs_oldest_xmin))
		{
			/*
			 * Okay, this is B in an update pair.  See if we've seen A.
			 */
			UnresolvedTup unresolved;

			memset(&hashkey, 0, sizeof(hashkey));
			hashkey.xmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(new_tuple->t_data);
			hashkey.tid = old_tid;

			unresolved = hash_search(state->rs_unresolved_tups, &hashkey,
									 HASH_FIND, NULL);

			if (unresolved != NULL)
			{
				/*
				 * We have seen and memorized the previous tuple already. Now
				 * that we know where we inserted the tuple its t_ctid points
				 * to, fix its t_ctid and insert it to the new heap.
				 */
				if (free_new)
					heap_freetuple(new_tuple);
				new_tuple = unresolved->tuple;
				free_new = true;
				old_tid = unresolved->old_tid;
				new_tuple->t_data->t_ctid = new_tid;

				/*
				 * We don't need the hash entry anymore, but don't free its
				 * tuple just yet.
				 */
				hash_search(state->rs_unresolved_tups, &hashkey,
							HASH_REMOVE, &found);
				Assert(found);

				/* loop back to insert the previous tuple in the chain */
				continue;
			}
			else
			{
				/*
				 * Remember the new tid of this tuple. We'll use it to set the
				 * ctid when we find the previous tuple in the chain.
				 */
				OldToNewMapping mapping;

				mapping = hash_search(state->rs_old_new_tid_map, &hashkey,
									  HASH_ENTER, &found);
				Assert(!found);

				mapping->new_tid = new_tid;
			}
		}

		/* Done with this (chain of) tuples, for now */
		if (free_new)
			heap_freetuple(new_tuple);
		break;
	}

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_cxt);
}

/*
 * See the comments for HeapTupleSatisfiesMVCC for the semantics this function
 * obeys.
 *
 * Only usable on tuples from catalog tables!
 *
 * We don't need to support HEAP_MOVED_(IN|OFF) for now because we only support
 * reading catalog pages which couldn't have been created in an older version.
 *
 * We don't set any hint bits in here as it seems unlikely to be beneficial as
 * those should already be set by normal access and it seems to be too
 * dangerous to do so as the semantics of doing so during timetravel are more
 * complicated than when dealing "only" with the present.
 */
bool
HeapTupleSatisfiesHistoricMVCC(HeapTuple htup, Snapshot snapshot,
							   Buffer buffer)
{
	HeapTupleHeader tuple = htup->t_data;
	TransactionId xmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple);
	TransactionId xmax = HeapTupleHeaderGetRawXmax(tuple);

	Assert(ItemPointerIsValid(&htup->t_self));
	Assert(htup->t_tableOid != InvalidOid);

	/* inserting transaction aborted */
	if (HeapTupleHeaderXminInvalid(tuple))
	{
		Assert(!TransactionIdDidCommit(xmin));
		return false;
	}
	/* check if it's one of our txids, toplevel is also in there */
	else if (TransactionIdInArray(xmin, snapshot->subxip, snapshot->subxcnt))
	{
		bool		resolved;
		CommandId	cmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetRawCommandId(tuple);
		CommandId	cmax = InvalidCommandId;

		/*
		 * another transaction might have (tried to) delete this tuple or
		 * cmin/cmax was stored in a combocid. So we need to lookup the actual
		 * values externally.
		 */
		resolved = ResolveCminCmaxDuringDecoding(HistoricSnapshotGetTupleCids(), snapshot,
												 htup, buffer,
												 &cmin, &cmax);

		if (!resolved)
			elog(ERROR, "could not resolve cmin/cmax of catalog tuple");

		Assert(cmin != InvalidCommandId);

		if (cmin >= snapshot->curcid)
			return false;		/* inserted after scan started */
		/* fall through */
	}
	/* committed before our xmin horizon. Do a normal visibility check. */
	else if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xmin, snapshot->xmin))
	{
		Assert(!(HeapTupleHeaderXminCommitted(tuple) &&
				 !TransactionIdDidCommit(xmin)));

		/* check for hint bit first, consult clog afterwards */
		if (!HeapTupleHeaderXminCommitted(tuple) &&
			!TransactionIdDidCommit(xmin))
			return false;
		/* fall through */
	}
	/* beyond our xmax horizon, i.e. invisible */
	else if (TransactionIdFollowsOrEquals(xmin, snapshot->xmax))
	{
		return false;
	}
	/* check if it's a committed transaction in [xmin, xmax) */
	else if (TransactionIdInArray(xmin, snapshot->xip, snapshot->xcnt))
	{
		/* fall through */
	}

	/*
	 * none of the above, i.e. between [xmin, xmax) but hasn't committed. I.e.
	 * invisible.
	 */
	else
	{
		return false;
	}

	/* at this point we know xmin is visible, go on to check xmax */

	/* xid invalid or aborted */
	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)
		return true;
	/* locked tuples are always visible */
	else if (HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY(tuple->t_infomask))
		return true;

	/*
	 * We can see multis here if we're looking at user tables or if somebody
	 * SELECT ... FOR SHARE/UPDATE a system table.
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*
 * HeapTupleSatisfiesMVCC
 *		True iff heap tuple is valid for the given MVCC snapshot.
 *
 *	Here, we consider the effects of:
 *		all transactions committed as of the time of the given snapshot
 *		previous commands of this transaction
 *
 *	Does _not_ include:
 *		transactions shown as in-progress by the snapshot
 *		transactions started after the snapshot was taken
 *		changes made by the current command
 *
 * This is the same as HeapTupleSatisfiesNow, except that transactions that
 * were in progress or as yet unstarted when the snapshot was taken will
 * be treated as uncommitted, even if they have committed by now.
 *
 * (Notice, however, that the tuple status hint bits will be updated on the
 * basis of the true state of the transaction, even if we then pretend we
 * can't see it.)
 */
bool
HeapTupleSatisfiesMVCC(HeapTupleHeader tuple, Snapshot snapshot,
					   Buffer buffer)
{
	if (!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED))
	{
		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_INVALID)
			return false;

		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_OFF)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
				return false;
			if (!TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
				{
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
								InvalidTransactionId);
					return false;
				}
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
							InvalidTransactionId);
			}
		}
		else if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_IN)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
					return false;
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
								InvalidTransactionId);
				else
				{
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
								InvalidTransactionId);
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
		{
			if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(tuple) >= snapshot->curcid)
				return false;	/* inserted after scan started */

			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid */
				return true;

			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_IS_LOCKED)		/* not deleter */
				return true;

			Assert(!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI));

			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(tuple)))
			{
				/* deleting subtransaction must have aborted */
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID,
							InvalidTransactionId);
				return true;
			}

			if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(tuple) >= snapshot->curcid)
				return true;	/* deleted after scan started */
			else
				return false;	/* deleted before scan started */
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
			return false;
		else if (TransactionIdDidCommit(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
						HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple));
		else
		{
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*
 * HeapTupleSatisfiesDirty
 *		True iff heap tuple is valid including effects of open transactions.
 *
 *	Here, we consider the effects of:
 *		all committed and in-progress transactions (as of the current instant)
 *		previous commands of this transaction
 *		changes made by the current command
 *
 * This is essentially like HeapTupleSatisfiesSelf as far as effects of
 * the current transaction and committed/aborted xacts are concerned.
 * However, we also include the effects of other xacts still in progress.
 *
 * A special hack is that the passed-in snapshot struct is used as an
 * output argument to return the xids of concurrent xacts that affected the
 * tuple.  snapshot->xmin is set to the tuple's xmin if that is another
 * transaction that's still in progress; or to InvalidTransactionId if the
 * tuple's xmin is committed good, committed dead, or my own xact.  Similarly
 * for snapshot->xmax and the tuple's xmax.
 */
bool
HeapTupleSatisfiesDirty(HeapTupleHeader tuple, Snapshot snapshot,
						Buffer buffer)
{

	

	snapshot->xmin = snapshot->xmax = InvalidTransactionId;

	if (!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED))
	{
		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_INVALID)
			return false;

		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_OFF)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
				return false;
			if (!TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
				{
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
								InvalidTransactionId);
					return false;
				}
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
							InvalidTransactionId);
			}
		}
		else if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_IN)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
					return false;
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
								InvalidTransactionId);
				else
				{
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
								InvalidTransactionId);
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
		{
			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid */
				return true;

			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_IS_LOCKED)		/* not deleter */
				return true;

			Assert(!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI));

			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(tuple)))
			{
				/* deleting subtransaction must have aborted */
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID,
							InvalidTransactionId);
				return true;
			}

			return false;
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
		{
			snapshot->xmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple);
			/* XXX shouldn't we fall through to look at xmax? */
			return true;		/* in insertion by other */
		}
		else if (TransactionIdDidCommit(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
						HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple));
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*
 * HeapTupleSatisfiesUpdate
 *
 *	Same logic as HeapTupleSatisfiesNow, but returns a more detailed result
 *	code, since UPDATE needs to know more than "is it visible?".  Also,
 *	tuples of my own xact are tested against the passed CommandId not
 *	CurrentCommandId.
 *
 *	The possible return codes are:
 *
 *	HeapTupleInvisible: the tuple didn't exist at all when the scan started,
 *	e.g. it was created by a later CommandId.
 *
 *	HeapTupleMayBeUpdated: The tuple is valid and visible, so it may be
 *	updated.
 *
 *	HeapTupleSelfUpdated: The tuple was updated by the current transaction,
 *	after the current scan started.
 *
 *	HeapTupleUpdated: The tuple was updated by a committed transaction.
 *
 *	HeapTupleBeingUpdated: The tuple is being updated by an in-progress
 *	transaction other than the current transaction.  (Note: this includes
 *	the case where the tuple is share-locked by a MultiXact, even if the
 *	MultiXact includes the current transaction.  Callers that want to
 *	distinguish that case must test for it themselves.)
 */
HTSU_Result
HeapTupleSatisfiesUpdate(HeapTupleHeader tuple, CommandId curcid,
						 Buffer buffer)
{
	if (!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED))
	{
		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_INVALID)
			return HeapTupleInvisible;

		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_OFF)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
				return HeapTupleInvisible;
			if (!TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
				{
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
								InvalidTransactionId);
					return HeapTupleInvisible;
				}
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
							InvalidTransactionId);
			}
		}
		else if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_IN)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
			{
				if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
					return HeapTupleInvisible;
				if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
								InvalidTransactionId);
				else
				{
					SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
								InvalidTransactionId);
					return HeapTupleInvisible;
				}
			}
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
		{
			if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(tuple) >= curcid)
				return HeapTupleInvisible;		/* inserted after scan started */

			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid */
				return HeapTupleMayBeUpdated;

			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_IS_LOCKED)		/* not deleter */
				return HeapTupleMayBeUpdated;

			Assert(!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI));

			if (!TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(tuple)))
			{
				/* deleting subtransaction must have aborted */
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMAX_INVALID,
							InvalidTransactionId);
				return HeapTupleMayBeUpdated;
			}

			if (HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(tuple) >= curcid)
				return HeapTupleSelfUpdated;	/* updated after scan started */
			else
				return HeapTupleInvisible;		/* updated before scan started */
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*
 * HeapTupleSatisfiesVacuum
 *
 *	Determine the status of tuples for VACUUM purposes.  Here, what
 *	we mainly want to know is if a tuple is potentially visible to *any*
 *	running transaction.  If so, it can't be removed yet by VACUUM.
 *
 * OldestXmin is a cutoff XID (obtained from GetOldestXmin()).	Tuples
 * deleted by XIDs >= OldestXmin are deemed "recently dead"; they might
 * still be visible to some open transaction, so we can't remove them,
 * even if we see that the deleting transaction has committed.
 */
HTSV_Result
HeapTupleSatisfiesVacuum(HeapTupleHeader tuple, TransactionId OldestXmin,
						 Buffer buffer)
{
	/*
	 * Has inserting transaction committed?
	 *
	 * If the inserting transaction aborted, then the tuple was never visible
	 * to any other transaction, so we can delete it immediately.
	 */
	if (!(tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED))
	{
		if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMIN_INVALID)
			return HEAPTUPLE_DEAD;
		else if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_OFF)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
				return HEAPTUPLE_DELETE_IN_PROGRESS;
			if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
				return HEAPTUPLE_DELETE_IN_PROGRESS;
			if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
			{
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
							InvalidTransactionId);
				return HEAPTUPLE_DEAD;
			}
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
						InvalidTransactionId);
		}
		else if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED_IN)
		{
			TransactionId xvac = HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tuple);

			if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(xvac))
				return HEAPTUPLE_INSERT_IN_PROGRESS;
			if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(xvac))
				return HEAPTUPLE_INSERT_IN_PROGRESS;
			if (TransactionIdDidCommit(xvac))
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
							InvalidTransactionId);
			else
			{
				SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
							InvalidTransactionId);
				return HEAPTUPLE_DEAD;
			}
		}
		else if (TransactionIdIsInProgress(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
		{
			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)	/* xid invalid */
				return HEAPTUPLE_INSERT_IN_PROGRESS;
			if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_IS_LOCKED)
				return HEAPTUPLE_INSERT_IN_PROGRESS;
			/* inserted and then deleted by same xact */
			return HEAPTUPLE_DELETE_IN_PROGRESS;
		}
		else if (TransactionIdDidCommit(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple)))
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,
						HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tuple));
		else
		{
			/*
			 * Not in Progress, Not Committed, so either Aborted or crashed
			 */
			SetHintBits(tuple, buffer, HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,
						InvalidTransactionId);
			return HEAPTUPLE_DEAD;
		}

		/*
		 * At this point the xmin is known committed, but we might not have
		 * been able to set the hint bit yet; so we can no longer Assert that
		 * it's set.
		 */
	}

	/*
	 * Okay, the inserter committed, so it was good at some point.	Now what
	 * about the deleting transaction?
	 */
	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)
		return HEAPTUPLE_LIVE;

	if (tuple->t_infomask & HEAP_IS_LOCKED)
	{
		/*
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

Datum
heap_page_items(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	bytea	   *raw_page = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P(0);
	heap_page_items_state *inter_call_data = NULL;
	FuncCallContext *fctx;
	int			raw_page_size;

	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 (errmsg("must be superuser to use raw page functions"))));

	raw_page_size = VARSIZE(raw_page) - VARHDRSZ;

	if (SRF_IS_FIRSTCALL())
	{
		TupleDesc	tupdesc;
		MemoryContext mctx;

		if (raw_page_size < SizeOfPageHeaderData)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				  errmsg("input page too small (%d bytes)", raw_page_size)));

		fctx = SRF_FIRSTCALL_INIT();
		mctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(fctx->multi_call_memory_ctx);

		inter_call_data = palloc(sizeof(heap_page_items_state));

		/* Build a tuple descri