/**
     * Callback used while walking up the stack.
     * @param pc program counter
     * @param sig 'active' signal (unused)
     * @param params parameters
     * @return always 0, continue walking up the stack
     */
    static int SunOSStackWalker(uintptr_t pc, int sig, void *params)
    {
        StackWalkerParams *wp = (StackWalkerParams *)params;

        /* Resolve program counter to file and nearest symbol (if possible) */
        Dl_info dli;
        if (dladdr((void *)pc, &dli) != 0) {
            *wp->bufptr += seprintf(*wp->bufptr, wp->last, " [%02i] %s(%s+0x%x) [0x%x]\n",
                                    wp->counter, dli.dli_fname, dli.dli_sname, (int)((byte *)pc - (byte *)dli.dli_saddr), (uint)pc);
        } else {
            *wp->bufptr += seprintf(*wp->bufptr, wp->last, " [%02i] [0x%x]\n", wp->counter, (uint)pc);
        }
        wp->counter++;

        return 0;
    }

/**
 * Change the name of the president.
 * @param tile unused
 * @param flags operation to perform
 * @param p1 unused
 * @param p2 unused
 * @param text the new name or an empty string when resetting to the default
 * @return the cost of this operation or an error
 */
CommandCost CmdRenamePresident(TileIndex tile, DoCommandFlag flags, uint32 p1, uint32 p2, const char *text)
{
	bool reset = StrEmpty(text);

	if (!reset) {
		if (Utf8StringLength(text) >= MAX_LENGTH_PRESIDENT_NAME_CHARS) return CMD_ERROR;
		if (!IsUniquePresidentName(text)) return_cmd_error(STR_ERROR_NAME_MUST_BE_UNIQUE);
	}

	if (flags & DC_EXEC) {
		Company *c = Company::Get(_current_company);
		free(c->president_name);

		if (reset) {
			c->president_name = NULL;
		} else {
			c->president_name = stredup(text);

			if (c->name_1 == STR_SV_UNNAMED && c->name == NULL) {
				char buf[80];

				seprintf(buf, lastof(buf), "%s Transport", text);
				DoCommand(0, 0, 0, DC_EXEC, CMD_RENAME_COMPANY, buf);
			}
		}

		MarkWholeScreenDirty();
		CompanyAdminUpdate(c);
	}

	return CommandCost();
}

/**
 * Get the address as a string, e.g. 127.0.0.1:12345.
 * @param buffer the buffer to write to
 * @param last the last element in the buffer
 * @param with_family whether to add the family (e.g. IPvX).
 */
void NetworkAddress::GetAddressAsString(char *buffer, const char *last, bool with_family)
{
	if (this->GetAddress()->ss_family == AF_INET6) buffer = strecpy(buffer, "[", last);
	buffer = strecpy(buffer, this->GetHostname(), last);
	if (this->GetAddress()->ss_family == AF_INET6) buffer = strecpy(buffer, "]", last);
	buffer += seprintf(buffer, last, ":%d", this->GetPort());

	if (with_family) {
		char family;
		switch (this->address.ss_family) {
			case AF_INET:  family = '4'; break;
			case AF_INET6: family = '6'; break;
			default:       family = '?'; break;
		}
		seprintf(buffer, last, " (IPv%c)", family);
	}
}

	/* virtual */ char *LogOSVersion(char *buffer, const char *last) const
	{
		struct utsname name;
		if (uname(&name) < 0) {
			return buffer + seprintf(buffer, last, "Could not get OS version: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		}

		return buffer + seprintf(buffer, last,
				"Operating system:\n"
				" Name:     %s\n"
				" Release:  %s\n"
				" Version:  %s\n"
				" Machine:  %s\n",
				name.sysname,
				name.release,
				name.version,
				name.machine
		);
	}

char *ScriptText::_GetEncodedText(char *p, char *lastofp)
{
	p += Utf8Encode(p, SCC_ENCODED);
	p += seprintf(p, lastofp, "%X", this->string);
	for (int i = 0; i < this->paramc; i++) {
		if (this->params[i] != NULL) {
			p += seprintf(p, lastofp, ":\"%s\"", this->params[i]);
			continue;
		}
		if (this->paramt[i] != NULL) {
			p += seprintf(p, lastofp, ":");
			p = this->paramt[i]->_GetEncodedText(p, lastofp);
			continue;
		}
		p += seprintf(p, lastofp,":%X", this->parami[i]);
	}

	return p;
}

static long cputyperead(struct chan *unused, void *a, long n, int64_t off)
{
	char buf[512], *s, *e;
	int i, k;

	error(ENOSYS, NULL);
#if 0
	e = buf + sizeof buf;
	s = seprintf(buf, e, "%s %d\n", "AMD64", 0);
	k = m->ncpuinfoe - m->ncpuinfos;
	if (k > 4)
		k = 4;
	for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
		s = seprintf(s, e, "%#8.8ux %#8.8ux %#8.8ux %#8.8ux\n",
					 m->cpuinfo[i][0], m->cpuinfo[i][1],
					 m->cpuinfo[i][2], m->cpuinfo[i][3]);
	return readstr(off, a, n, buf);
#endif
}

/**
 * Convert the md5sum to a hexadecimal string representation
 * @param buf buffer to put the md5sum into
 * @param last last character of buffer (usually lastof(buf))
 * @param md5sum the md5sum itself
 * @return a pointer to the next character after the md5sum
 */
char *md5sumToString(char *buf, const char *last, const uint8 md5sum[16])
{
	char *p = buf;

	for (uint i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
		p += seprintf(p, last, "%02X", md5sum[i]);
	}

	return p;
}

bool SetFallbackFont(FreeTypeSettings *settings, const char *language_isocode, int winlangid, SetFallbackFontCallback *callback)
{
	if (!FcInit()) return false;

	bool ret = false;

	/* Fontconfig doesn't handle full language isocodes, only the part
	 * before the _ of e.g. en_GB is used, so "remove" everything after
	 * the _. */
	char lang[16];
	seprintf(lang, lastof(lang), ":lang=%s", language_isocode);
	char *split = strchr(lang, '_');
	if (split != NULL) *split = '\0';

	/* First create a pattern to match the wanted language. */
	FcPattern *pat = FcNameParse((FcChar8*)lang);
	/* We only want to know the filename. */
	FcObjectSet *os = FcObjectSetBuild(FC_FILE, NULL);
	/* Get the list of filenames matching the wanted language. */
	FcFontSet *fs = FcFontList(NULL, pat, os);

	/* We don't need these anymore. */
	FcObjectSetDestroy(os);
	FcPatternDestroy(pat);

	if (fs != NULL) {
		for (int i = 0; i < fs->nfont; i++) {
			FcPattern *font = fs->fonts[i];

			FcChar8 *file = NULL;
			FcResult res = FcPatternGetString(font, FC_FILE, 0, &file);
			if (res != FcResultMatch || file == NULL) {
				continue;
			}

			strecpy(settings->small_font,  (const char*)file, lastof(settings->small_font));
			strecpy(settings->medium_font, (const char*)file, lastof(settings->medium_font));
			strecpy(settings->large_font,  (const char*)file, lastof(settings->large_font));

			bool missing = callback(NULL);
			DEBUG(freetype, 1, "Font \"%s\" misses%s glyphs", file, missing ? "" : " no");

			if (!missing) {
				ret = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		/* Clean up the list of filenames. */
		FcFontSetDestroy(fs);
	}

	FcFini();
	return ret;
}

/**
 * Build a human readable list of available drivers, grouped by type.
 */
char *DriverFactoryBase::GetDriversInfo(char *p, const char *last)
{
	for (Driver::Type type = Driver::DT_BEGIN; type != Driver::DT_END; type++) {
		p += seprintf(p, last, "List of %s drivers:\n", GetDriverTypeName(type));

		for (int priority = 10; priority >= 0; priority--) {
			Drivers::iterator it = GetDrivers().begin();
			for (; it != GetDrivers().end(); it++) {
				DriverFactoryBase *d = (*it).second;
				if (d->type != type) continue;
				if (d->priority != priority) continue;
				p += seprintf(p, last, "%18s: %s\n", d->name, d->GetDescription());
			}
		}

		p += seprintf(p, last, "\n");
	}

	return p;
}

bool FiosIsValidFile(const char *path, const struct dirent *ent, struct stat *sb)
{
	char filename[MAX_PATH];
	int res;
#if defined(__MORPHOS__) || defined(__AMIGAOS__)
	/* On MorphOS or AmigaOS paths look like: "Volume:directory/subdirectory" */
	if (FiosIsRoot(path)) {
		res = seprintf(filename, lastof(filename), "%s:%s", path, ent->d_name);
	} else // XXX - only next line!
#else
	assert(path[strlen(path) - 1] == PATHSEPCHAR);
	if (strlen(path) > 2) assert(path[strlen(path) - 2] != PATHSEPCHAR);
#endif
	res = seprintf(filename, lastof(filename), "%s%s", path, ent->d_name);

	/* Could we fully concatenate the path and filename? */
	if (res >= (int)lengthof(filename) || res < 0) return false;

	return stat(filename, sb) == 0;
}

/**
 * Checks whether the MD5 checksums of the files are correct.
 *
 * @note Also checks sample.cat and other required non-NewGRF GRFs for corruption.
 */
void CheckExternalFiles()
{
	if (BaseGraphics::GetUsedSet() == NULL || BaseSounds::GetUsedSet() == NULL) return;

	const GraphicsSet *used_set = BaseGraphics::GetUsedSet();

	DEBUG(grf, 1, "Using the %s base graphics set", used_set->name);

	static const size_t ERROR_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 256;
	static const size_t MISSING_FILE_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 128;

	/* Allocate for a message for each missing file and for one error
	 * message per set.
	 */
	char error_msg[MISSING_FILE_MESSAGE_LENGTH * (GraphicsSet::NUM_FILES + SoundsSet::NUM_FILES) + 2 * ERROR_MESSAGE_LENGTH];
	error_msg[0] = '\0';
	char *add_pos = error_msg;
	const char *last = lastof(error_msg);

	if (used_set->GetNumInvalid() != 0) {
		/* Not all files were loaded successfully, see which ones */
		add_pos += seprintf(add_pos, last, "Trying to load graphics set '%s', but it is incomplete. The game will probably not run correctly until you properly install this set or select another one. See section 4.1 of readme.txt.\n\nThe following files are corrupted or missing:\n", used_set->name);
		for (uint i = 0; i < GraphicsSet::NUM_FILES; i++) {
			MD5File::ChecksumResult res = used_set->files[i].CheckMD5(BASESET_DIR);
			if (res != MD5File::CR_MATCH) add_pos += seprintf(add_pos, last, "\t%s is %s (%s)\n", used_set->files[i].filename, res == MD5File::CR_MISMATCH ? "corrupt" : "missing", used_set->files[i].missing_warning);
		}
		add_pos += seprintf(add_pos, last, "\n");
	}

	const SoundsSet *sounds_set = BaseSounds::GetUsedSet();
	if (sounds_set->GetNumInvalid() != 0) {
		add_pos += seprintf(add_pos, last, "Trying to load sound set '%s', but it is incomplete. The game will probably not run correctly until you properly install this set or select another one. See section 4.1 of readme.txt.\n\nThe following files are corrupted or missing:\n", sounds_set->name);

		assert_compile(SoundsSet::NUM_FILES == 1);
		/* No need to loop each file, as long as there is only a single
		 * sound file. */
		add_pos += seprintf(add_pos, last, "\t%s is %s (%s)\n", sounds_set->files->filename, sounds_set->files->CheckMD5(BASESET_DIR) == MD5File::CR_MISMATCH ? "corrupt" : "missing", sounds_set->files->missing_warning);
	}

	if (add_pos != error_msg) ShowInfoF("%s", error_msg);
}

AILibrary *AIScannerLibrary::FindLibrary(const char *library, int version)
{
	/* Internally we store libraries as 'library.version' */
	char library_name[1024];
	seprintf(library_name, lastof(library_name), "%s.%d", library, version);
	strtolower(library_name);

	/* Check if the library + version exists */
	ScriptInfoList::iterator iter = this->info_list.find(library_name);
	if (iter == this->info_list.end()) return NULL;

	return static_cast<AILibrary *>((*iter).second);
}

/** Build a string containing space separated parameter values, and terminate */
char *GRFBuildParamList(char *dst, const GRFConfig *c, const char *last)
{
	uint i;

	/* Return an empty string if there are no parameters */
	if (c->num_params == 0) return strecpy(dst, "", last);

	for (i = 0; i < c->num_params; i++) {
		if (i > 0) dst = strecpy(dst, " ", last);
		dst += seprintf(dst, last, "%d", c->param[i]);
	}
	return dst;
}

/* static */ bool Squirrel::CreateClassInstanceVM(HSQUIRRELVM vm, const char *class_name, void *real_instance, HSQOBJECT *instance, SQRELEASEHOOK release_hook, bool prepend_API_name)
{
	Squirrel *engine = (Squirrel *)sq_getforeignptr(vm);

	int oldtop = sq_gettop(vm);

	/* First, find the class */
	sq_pushroottable(vm);

	if (prepend_API_name) {
		size_t len = strlen(class_name) + strlen(engine->GetAPIName()) + 1;
		char *class_name2 = (char *)alloca(len);
		seprintf(class_name2, class_name2 + len - 1, "%s%s", engine->GetAPIName(), class_name);

		sq_pushstring(vm, class_name2, -1);
	} else {
		sq_pushstring(vm, class_name, -1);
	}

	if (SQ_FAILED(sq_get(vm, -2))) {
		DEBUG(misc, 0, "[squirrel] Failed to find class by the name '%s%s'", prepend_API_name ? engine->GetAPIName() : "", class_name);
		sq_settop(vm, oldtop);
		return false;
	}

	/* Create the instance */
	if (SQ_FAILED(sq_createinstance(vm, -1))) {
		DEBUG(misc, 0, "[squirrel] Failed to create instance for class '%s%s'", prepend_API_name ? engine->GetAPIName() : "", class_name);
		sq_settop(vm, oldtop);
		return false;
	}

	if (instance != NULL) {
		/* Find our instance */
		sq_getstackobj(vm, -1, instance);
		/* Add a reference to it, so it survives for ever */
		sq_addref(vm, instance);
	}
	sq_remove(vm, -2); // Class-name
	sq_remove(vm, -2); // Root-table

	/* Store it in the class */
	sq_setinstanceup(vm, -1, real_instance);
	if (release_hook != NULL) sq_setreleasehook(vm, -1, release_hook);

	if (instance != NULL) sq_settop(vm, oldtop);

	return true;
}

void FiosGetDrives(FileList &file_list)
{
	TCHAR drives[256];
	const TCHAR *s;

	GetLogicalDriveStrings(lengthof(drives), drives);
	for (s = drives; *s != '\0';) {
		FiosItem *fios = file_list.Append();
		fios->type = FIOS_TYPE_DRIVE;
		fios->mtime = 0;
		seprintf(fios->name, lastof(fios->name),  "%c:", s[0] & 0xFF);
		strecpy(fios->title, fios->name, lastof(fios->title));
		while (*s++ != '\0') { /* Nothing */ }
	}
}

/* virtual */ char *CrashLogWindows::LogError(char *buffer, const char *last, const char *message) const
{
	return buffer + seprintf(buffer, last,
			"Crash reason:\n"
			" Exception: %.8X\n"
#ifdef _M_AMD64
			" Location:  %.16IX\n"
#else
			" Location:  %.8X\n"
#endif
			" Message:   %s\n\n",
			(int)ep->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode,
			(size_t)ep->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress,
			message == NULL ? "<none>" : message
	);
}

void Squirrel::CompileError(HSQUIRRELVM vm, const SQChar *desc, const SQChar *source, SQInteger line, SQInteger column)
{
	SQChar buf[1024];

	seprintf(buf, lastof(buf), "Error %s:" OTTD_PRINTF64 "/" OTTD_PRINTF64 ": %s", source, line, column, desc);

	/* Check if we have a custom print function */
	Squirrel *engine = (Squirrel *)sq_getforeignptr(vm);
	engine->crashed = true;
	SQPrintFunc *func = engine->print_func;
	if (func == NULL) {
		DEBUG(misc, 0, "[Squirrel] Compile error: %s", buf);
	} else {
		(*func)(true, buf);
	}
}

AIInfo *AIScannerInfo::FindInfo(const char *nameParam, int versionParam, bool force_exact_match)
{
	if (this->info_list.size() == 0) return NULL;
	if (nameParam == NULL) return NULL;

	char ai_name[1024];
	strecpy(ai_name, nameParam, lastof(ai_name));
	strtolower(ai_name);

	AIInfo *info = NULL;
	int version = -1;

	if (versionParam == -1) {
		/* We want to load the latest version of this AI; so find it */
		if (this->info_single_list.find(ai_name) != this->info_single_list.end()) return static_cast<AIInfo *>(this->info_single_list[ai_name]);

		/* If we didn't find a match AI, maybe the user included a version */
		char *e = strrchr(ai_name, '.');
		if (e == NULL) return NULL;
		*e = '\0';
		e++;
		versionParam = atoi(e);
		/* FALL THROUGH, like we were calling this function with a version. */
	}

	if (force_exact_match) {
		/* Try to find a direct 'name.version' match */
		char ai_name_tmp[1024];
		seprintf(ai_name_tmp, lastof(ai_name_tmp), "%s.%d", ai_name, versionParam);
		strtolower(ai_name_tmp);
		if (this->info_list.find(ai_name_tmp) != this->info_list.end()) return static_cast<AIInfo *>(this->info_list[ai_name_tmp]);
	}

	/* See if there is a compatible AI which goes by that name, with the highest
	 *  version which allows loading the requested version */
	ScriptInfoList::iterator it = this->info_list.begin();
	for (; it != this->info_list.end(); it++) {
		AIInfo *i = static_cast<AIInfo *>((*it).second);
		if (strcasecmp(ai_name, i->GetName()) == 0 && i->CanLoadFromVersion(versionParam) && (version == -1 || i->GetVersion() > version)) {
			version = (*it).second->GetVersion();
			info = i;
		}
	}

	return info;
}

/* virtual */ char *CrashLogWindows::LogOSVersion(char *buffer, const char *last) const
{
	_OSVERSIONINFOA os;
	os.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(os);
	GetVersionExA(&os);

	return buffer + seprintf(buffer, last,
			"Operating system:\n"
			" Name:     Windows\n"
			" Release:  %d.%d.%d (%s)\n",
			(int)os.dwMajorVersion,
			(int)os.dwMinorVersion,
			(int)os.dwBuildNumber,
			os.szCSDVersion
	);

}

/* The final argument _must_ be NULL. */
void ntx_homedir(char *sub, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  char ntxroot[FILE_MAX], *path;
  char *subd;

  va_start(args, sub);
  if(!(path = getenv("NTXROOT"))) {
    seprintf(ntxroot, FILE_MAX, "%s/"NTX_DIR, getenv("HOME"));
    path = ntxroot;
  }

  if(chdir(path) == -1) {
    mkdir(path, S_IRWXU);
    if(chdir(path) == -1) die("Unable to enter directory %s.\n", path);
    for(subd = sub; subd; subd = va_arg(args, char *))
      if(mkdir(subd, S_IRWXU) == -1) die("Cannot make directory %s.\n", subd);
  }