func CreateNewControllerFromCurrentController(c *client.Client, namespace, oldName, newName, image, deploymentKey string) (*api.ReplicationController, error) {
	// load the old RC into the "new" RC
	newRc, err := c.ReplicationControllers(namespace).Get(oldName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if len(newRc.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers) > 1 {
		// TODO: support multi-container image update.
		return nil, goerrors.New("Image update is not supported for multi-container pods")
	}
	if len(newRc.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers) == 0 {
		return nil, goerrors.New(fmt.Sprintf("Pod has no containers! (%v)", newRc))
	}
	newRc.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Image = image

	newHash, err := api.HashObject(newRc, c.Codec)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if len(newName) == 0 {
		newName = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", newRc.Name, newHash)
	}
	newRc.Name = newName

	newRc.Spec.Selector[deploymentKey] = newHash
	newRc.Spec.Template.Labels[deploymentKey] = newHash
	// Clear resource version after hashing so that identical updates get different hashes.
	newRc.ResourceVersion = ""
	return newRc, nil
}

func CheckCadvisorHealthOnAllNodes(c *client.Client, timeout time.Duration) {
	By("getting list of nodes")
	nodeList, err := c.Nodes().List(labels.Everything(), fields.Everything())
	expectNoError(err)
	var errors []error
	retries := maxRetries
	for {
		errors = []error{}
		for _, node := range nodeList.Items {
			// cadvisor is not accessible directly unless its port (4194 by default) is exposed.
			// Here, we access '/stats/' REST endpoint on the qinglet which polls cadvisor internally.
			statsResource := fmt.Sprintf("api/v1/proxy/nodes/%s/stats/", node.Name)
			By(fmt.Sprintf("Querying stats from node %s using url %s", node.Name, statsResource))
			_, err = c.Get().AbsPath(statsResource).Timeout(timeout).Do().Raw()
			if err != nil {
				errors = append(errors, err)
			}
		}
		if len(errors) == 0 {
			return
		}
		if retries--; retries <= 0 {
			break
		}
		Logf("failed to retrieve qinglet stats -\n %v", errors)
		time.Sleep(sleepDuration)
	}
	Failf("Failed after retrying %d times for cadvisor to be healthy on all nodes. Errors:\n%v", maxRetries, errors)
}

// testHostIP tests that a pod gets a host IP
func testHostIP(c *client.Client, pod *api.Pod) {
	ns := "e2e-test-" + string(util.NewUUID())
	_, err := createNamespaceIfDoesNotExist(c, ns)
	expectNoError(err, fmt.Sprintf("creating namespace %s", ns))

	podClient := c.Pods(ns)
	By("creating pod")
	defer podClient.Delete(pod.Name, nil)
	_, err = podClient.Create(pod)
	if err != nil {
		Fail(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to create pod: %v", err))
	}
	By("ensuring that pod is running and has a hostIP")
	// Wait for the pods to enter the running state. Waiting loops until the pods
	// are running so non-running pods cause a timeout for this test.
	err = waitForPodRunningInNamespace(c, pod.Name, ns)
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	// Try to make sure we get a hostIP for each pod.
	hostIPTimeout := 2 * time.Minute
	t := time.Now()
	for {
		p, err := podClient.Get(pod.Name)
		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
		if p.Status.HostIP != "" {
			Logf("Pod %s has hostIP: %s", p.Name, p.Status.HostIP)
			break
		}
		if time.Since(t) >= hostIPTimeout {
			Failf("Gave up waiting for hostIP of pod %s after %v seconds",
				p.Name, time.Since(t).Seconds())
		}
		Logf("Retrying to get the hostIP of pod %s", p.Name)
		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
	}
}

func verifyExpectedRcsExistAndGetExpectedPods(c *client.Client) ([]string, error) {
	expectedPods := []string{}
	// Iterate over the labels that identify the replication controllers that we
	// want to check. The rcLabels contains the value values for the k8s-app key
	// that identify the replication controllers that we want to check. Using a label
	// rather than an explicit name is preferred because the names will typically have
	// a version suffix e.g. heapster-monitoring-v1 and this will change after a rolling
	// update e.g. to heapster-monitoring-v2. By using a label query we can check for the
	// situaiton when a heapster-monitoring-v1 and heapster-monitoring-v2 replication controller
	// is running (which would be an error except during a rolling update).
	for _, rcLabel := range rcLabels {
		rcList, err := c.ReplicationControllers(api.NamespaceDefault).List(labels.Set{"k8s-app": rcLabel}.AsSelector())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if len(rcList.Items) != 1 {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected to find one replica for RC with label %s but got %d",
				rcLabel, len(rcList.Items))
		}
		for _, rc := range rcList.Items {
			podList, err := c.Pods(api.NamespaceDefault).List(labels.Set(rc.Spec.Selector).AsSelector(), fields.Everything())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			for _, pod := range podList.Items {
				expectedPods = append(expectedPods, string(pod.UID))
			}
		}
	}
	return expectedPods, nil
}

// StartPods check for numPods in TestNS. If they exist, it no-ops, otherwise it starts up
// a temp rc, scales it to match numPods, then deletes the rc leaving behind the pods.
func StartPods(numPods int, host string, restClient *client.Client) error {
	start := time.Now()
	defer func() {
		glog.Infof("StartPods took %v with numPods %d", time.Since(start), numPods)
	}()
	hostField := fields.OneTermEqualSelector(client.PodHost, host)
	pods, err := restClient.Pods(TestNS).List(labels.Everything(), hostField)
	if err != nil || len(pods.Items) == numPods {
		return err
	}
	glog.Infof("Found %d pods that match host %v, require %d", len(pods.Items), hostField, numPods)
	// For the sake of simplicity, assume all pods in TestNS have selectors matching TestRCManifest.
	controller := RCFromManifest(TestRCManifest)

	// Make the rc unique to the given host.
	controller.Spec.Replicas = numPods
	controller.Spec.Template.Spec.NodeName = host
	controller.Name = controller.Name + host
	controller.Spec.Selector["host"] = host
	controller.Spec.Template.Labels["host"] = host

	if rc, err := StartRC(controller, restClient); err != nil {
		return err
	} else {
		// Delete the rc, otherwise when we restart master components for the next benchmark
		// the rc controller will race with the pods controller in the rc manager.
		return restClient.ReplicationControllers(TestNS).Delete(rc.Name)
	}
}

// createNamespaceIfDoesNotExist ensures that the namespace with specified name exists, or returns an error
func createNamespaceIfDoesNotExist(c *client.Client, name string) (*api.Namespace, error) {
	namespace, err := c.Namespaces().Get(name)
	if err != nil {
		namespace, err = c.Namespaces().Create(&api.Namespace{ObjectMeta: api.ObjectMeta{Name: name}})
	}
	return namespace, err
}

func runMasterServiceTest(client *client.Client) {
	time.Sleep(12 * time.Second)
	svcList, err := client.Services(api.NamespaceDefault).List(labels.Everything())
	if err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("unexpected error listing services: %v", err)
	}
	var foundRW bool
	found := util.StringSet{}
	for i := range svcList.Items {
		found.Insert(svcList.Items[i].Name)
		if svcList.Items[i].Name == "qingyuan" {
			foundRW = true
		}
	}
	if foundRW {
		ep, err := client.Endpoints(api.NamespaceDefault).Get("qingyuan")
		if err != nil {
			glog.Fatalf("unexpected error listing endpoints for qingyuan service: %v", err)
		}
		if countEndpoints(ep) == 0 {
			glog.Fatalf("no endpoints for qingyuan service: %v", ep)
		}
	} else {
		glog.Errorf("no RW service found: %v", found)
		glog.Fatal("QingYuan service test failed")
	}
	glog.Infof("Master service test passed.")
}

func extinguish(c *client.Client, totalNS int, maxAllowedAfterDel int, maxSeconds int) {

	var err error

	for n := 0; n < totalNS; n += 1 {
		_, err = createTestingNS(fmt.Sprintf("nslifetest-%v", n), c)
		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	}

	//Wait 10 seconds, then SEND delete requests for all the namespaces.
	time.Sleep(time.Duration(10 * time.Second))
	nsList, err := c.Namespaces().List(labels.Everything(), fields.Everything())
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	for _, item := range nsList.Items {
		if strings.Contains(item.Name, "nslifetest") {
			if err := c.Namespaces().Delete(item.Name); err != nil {
				Failf("Failed deleting error ::: --- %v ", err)
			}
		}
		Logf("namespace : %v api call to delete is complete ", item)
	}

	//Now POLL until all namespaces have been eradicated.
	expectNoError(wait.Poll(2*time.Second, time.Duration(maxSeconds)*time.Second,
		func() (bool, error) {
			if rem, err := countRemaining(c, "nslifetest"); err != nil || rem > maxAllowedAfterDel {
				Logf("Remaining namespaces : %v", rem)
				return false, err
			} else {
				return true, nil
			}
		}))

}

func LoadExistingNextReplicationController(c *client.Client, namespace, newName string) (*api.ReplicationController, error) {
	if len(newName) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}
	newRc, err := c.ReplicationControllers(namespace).Get(newName)
	if err != nil && errors.IsNotFound(err) {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return newRc, err
}

func pickNode(c *client.Client) (string, error) {
	nodes, err := c.Nodes().List(labels.Everything(), fields.Everything())
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	if len(nodes.Items) == 0 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("no nodes exist, can't test node proxy")
	}
	return nodes.Items[0].Name, nil
}

func countRemaining(c *client.Client, withName string) (int, error) {
	var cnt = 0
	nsList, err := c.Namespaces().List(labels.Everything(), fields.Everything())
	for _, item := range nsList.Items {
		if strings.Contains(item.Name, "nslifetest") {
			cnt++
		}
	}
	return cnt, err
}

func runSchedulerNoPhantomPodsTest(client *client.Client) {
	pod := &api.Pod{
		Spec: api.PodSpec{
			Containers: []api.Container{
				{
					Name:  "c1",
					Image: "qingyuan/pause",
					Ports: []api.ContainerPort{
						{ContainerPort: 1234, HostPort: 9999},
					},
					ImagePullPolicy: api.PullIfNotPresent,
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// Assuming we only have two kublets, the third pod here won't schedule
	// if the scheduler doesn't correctly handle the delete for the second
	// pod.
	pod.ObjectMeta.Name = "phantom.foo"
	foo, err := client.Pods(api.NamespaceDefault).Create(pod)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("Failed to create pod: %v, %v", pod, err)
	}
	if err := wait.Poll(time.Second, time.Second*30, podRunning(client, foo.Namespace, foo.Name)); err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("FAILED: pod never started running %v", err)
	}

	pod.ObjectMeta.Name = "phantom.bar"
	bar, err := client.Pods(api.NamespaceDefault).Create(pod)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("Failed to create pod: %v, %v", pod, err)
	}
	if err := wait.Poll(time.Second, time.Second*30, podRunning(client, bar.Namespace, bar.Name)); err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("FAILED: pod never started running %v", err)
	}

	// Delete a pod to free up room.
	glog.Infof("Deleting pod %v", bar.Name)
	err = client.Pods(api.NamespaceDefault).Delete(bar.Name, nil)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("FAILED: couldn't delete pod %q: %v", bar.Name, err)
	}

	pod.ObjectMeta.Name = "phantom.baz"
	baz, err := client.Pods(api.NamespaceDefault).Create(pod)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("Failed to create pod: %v, %v", pod, err)
	}
	if err := wait.Poll(time.Second, time.Second*60, podRunning(client, baz.Namespace, baz.Name)); err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("FAILED: (Scheduler probably didn't process deletion of 'phantom.bar') Pod never started running: %v", err)
	}

	glog.Info("Scheduler doesn't make phantom pods: test passed.")
}

func getAllNodesInCluster(c *client.Client) ([]string, error) {
	nodeList, err := c.Nodes().List(labels.Everything(), fields.Everything())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	result := []string{}
	for _, node := range nodeList.Items {
		result = append(result, node.Name)
	}
	return result, nil
}

// StartRC creates given rc if it doesn't already exist, then updates it via qingctl's scaler.
func StartRC(controller *api.ReplicationController, restClient *client.Client) (*api.ReplicationController, error) {
	created, err := restClient.ReplicationControllers(controller.Namespace).Get(controller.Name)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Infof("Rc %v doesn't exist, creating", controller.Name)
		created, err = restClient.ReplicationControllers(controller.Namespace).Create(controller)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	// If we just created an rc, wait till it creates its replicas.
	return ScaleRC(created.Name, created.Namespace, controller.Spec.Replicas, restClient)
}

func getReferencedServiceAccountToken(c *client.Client, ns string, name string, shouldWait bool) (string, string, error) {
	tokenName := ""
	token := ""

	findToken := func() (bool, error) {
		user, err := c.ServiceAccounts(ns).Get(name)
		if errors.IsNotFound(err) {
			return false, nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return false, err
		}

		for _, ref := range user.Secrets {
			secret, err := c.Secrets(ns).Get(ref.Name)
			if errors.IsNotFound(err) {
				continue
			}
			if err != nil {
				return false, err
			}
			if secret.Type != api.SecretTypeServiceAccountToken {
				continue
			}
			name := secret.Annotations[api.ServiceAccountNameKey]
			uid := secret.Annotations[api.ServiceAccountUIDKey]
			tokenData := secret.Data[api.ServiceAccountTokenKey]
			if name == user.Name && uid == string(user.UID) && len(tokenData) > 0 {
				tokenName = secret.Name
				token = string(tokenData)
				return true, nil
			}
		}

		return false, nil
	}

	if shouldWait {
		err := wait.Poll(time.Second, 10*time.Second, findToken)
		if err != nil {
			return "", "", err
		}
	} else {
		ok, err := findToken()
		if err != nil {
			return "", "", err
		}
		if !ok {
			return "", "", fmt.Errorf("No token found for %s/%s", ns, name)
		}
	}
	return tokenName, token, nil
}

func getMinionPublicIps(c *client.Client) ([]string, error) {
	nodes, err := c.Nodes().List(labels.Everything(), fields.Everything())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ips := collectAddresses(nodes, api.NodeExternalIP)
	if len(ips) == 0 {
		ips = collectAddresses(nodes, api.NodeLegacyHostIP)
	}
	return ips, nil
}

// Retrieve metrics from the qinglet server of the given node.
func getQingletMetrics(c *client.Client, node string) (string, error) {
	metric, err := c.Get().
		Prefix("proxy").
		Resource("nodes").
		Name(fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", node, ports.QingletPort)).
		Suffix("metrics").
		Do().
		Raw()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return string(metric), nil
}

func makeRequestToGuestbook(c *client.Client, cmd, value string, ns string) (string, error) {
	result, err := c.Get().
		Prefix("proxy").
		Namespace(ns).
		Resource("services").
		Name("frontend").
		Suffix("/index.php").
		Param("cmd", cmd).
		Param("key", "messages").
		Param("value", value).
		Do().
		Raw()
	return string(result), err
}

func translatePodNameToIpOrFail(c *client.Client, ns string, expectedEndpoints map[string][]int) map[string][]int {
	portsByIp := make(map[string][]int)

	for name, portList := range expectedEndpoints {
		pod, err := c.Pods(ns).Get(name)
		if err != nil {
			Failf("failed to get pod %s, that's pretty weird. validation failed: %s", name, err)
		}
		portsByIp[pod.Status.PodIP] = portList
		By(fmt.Sprintf(""))
	}
	By(fmt.Sprintf("successfully translated pod names to ips: %v -> %v on namespace %s", expectedEndpoints, portsByIp, ns))
	return portsByIp
}

func runAPIVersionsTest(c *client.Client) {
	v, err := c.ServerAPIVersions()
	clientVersion := c.APIVersion()
	if err != nil {
		glog.Fatalf("failed to get api versions: %v", err)
	}
	// Verify that the server supports the API version used by the client.
	for _, version := range v.Versions {
		if version == clientVersion {
			glog.Infof("Version test passed")
			return
		}
	}
	glog.Fatalf("Server does not support APIVersion used by client. Server supported APIVersions: '%v', client APIVersion: '%v'", v.Versions, clientVersion)
}