func (cs *ConsensusState) stageBlock(block *types.Block, blockParts *types.PartSet) error {
	if block == nil {
		PanicSanity("Cannot stage nil block")
	}

	// Already staged?
	blockHash := block.Hash()
	if cs.stagedBlock != nil && len(blockHash) != 0 && bytes.Equal(cs.stagedBlock.Hash(), blockHash) {
		return nil
	}

	// Create a copy of the state for staging
	stateCopy := cs.state.Copy()
	// reset the event cache and pass it into the state
	cs.evc = events.NewEventCache(cs.evsw)
	stateCopy.SetFireable(cs.evc)

	// Commit block onto the copied state.
	// NOTE: Basic validation is done in state.AppendBlock().
	err := sm.ExecBlock(stateCopy, block, blockParts.Header())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	} else {
		cs.stagedBlock = block
		cs.stagedState = stateCopy
		return nil
	}
}

// Execute the block to mutate State.
// Validates block and then executes Data.Txs in the block.
func (s *State) ExecBlock(evsw *events.EventSwitch, proxyAppConn proxy.AppConn, block *types.Block, blockPartsHeader types.PartSetHeader) error {

	// Validate the block.
	err := s.validateBlock(block)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Update the validator set
	valSet := s.Validators.Copy()
	// Update valSet with signatures from block.
	updateValidatorsWithBlock(s.LastValidators, valSet, block)
	// TODO: Update the validator set (e.g. block.Data.ValidatorUpdates?)
	nextValSet := valSet.Copy()

	// Execute the block txs
	err = s.execBlockOnProxyApp(evsw, proxyAppConn, block)
	if err != nil {
		// There was some error in proxyApp
		// TODO Report error and wait for proxyApp to be available.
		return err
	}

	// All good!
	nextValSet.IncrementAccum(1)
	s.LastBlockHeight = block.Height
	s.LastBlockHash = block.Hash()
	s.LastBlockParts = blockPartsHeader
	s.LastBlockTime = block.Time
	s.Validators = nextValSet
	s.LastValidators = valSet

	return nil
}

func (s *State) validateBlock(block *types.Block) error {
	// Basic block validation.
	err := block.ValidateBasic(s.ChainID, s.LastBlockHeight, s.LastBlockHash, s.LastBlockParts, s.LastBlockTime, s.AppHash)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Validate block LastValidation.
	if block.Height == 1 {
		if len(block.LastValidation.Precommits) != 0 {
			return errors.New("Block at height 1 (first block) should have no LastValidation precommits")
		}
	} else {
		if len(block.LastValidation.Precommits) != s.LastValidators.Size() {
			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid block validation size. Expected %v, got %v",
				s.LastValidators.Size(), len(block.LastValidation.Precommits))
		}
		err := s.LastValidators.VerifyValidation(
			s.ChainID, s.LastBlockHash, s.LastBlockParts, block.Height-1, block.LastValidation)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (cs *ConsensusState) stageBlock(block *types.Block, blockParts *types.PartSet) error {
	if block == nil {
		PanicSanity("Cannot stage nil block")
	}

	// Already staged?
	blockHash := block.Hash()
	if cs.stagedBlock != nil && len(blockHash) != 0 && bytes.Equal(cs.stagedBlock.Hash(), blockHash) {
		return nil
	}

	// Create a new event cache to cache all events.
	cs.evc = events.NewEventCache(cs.evsw)

	// Create a copy of the state for staging
	stateCopy := cs.state.Copy()
	stateCopy.SetEventCache(cs.evc)

	// Run the block on the State:
	// + update validator sets
	// + first rolls back proxyAppCtx
	// + run txs on the proxyAppCtx or rollback
	err := stateCopy.ExecBlock(cs.proxyAppCtx, block, blockParts.Header())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Everything looks good!
	cs.stagedBlock = block
	cs.stagedState = stateCopy
	return nil
}

// Mutates the block in place and updates it with new state hash.
func (s *State) SetBlockStateHash(block *types.Block) error {
	sCopy := s.Copy()
	// sCopy has no event cache in it, so this won't fire events
	err := execBlock(sCopy, block, types.PartSetHeader{})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Set block.StateHash
	block.StateHash = sCopy.Hash()
	return nil
}

// Execute the block to mutate State.
// Also, execute txs on the proxyAppCtx and validate apphash
// Rolls back before executing transactions.
// Rolls back if invalid, but never commits.
func (s *State) ExecBlock(proxyAppCtx proxy.AppContext, block *types.Block, blockPartsHeader types.PartSetHeader) error {

	// Validate the block.
	err := s.validateBlock(block)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Update the validator set
	valSet := s.Validators.Copy()
	// Update valSet with signatures from block.
	updateValidatorsWithBlock(s.LastValidators, valSet, block)
	// TODO: Update the validator set (e.g. block.Data.ValidatorUpdates?)
	nextValSet := valSet.Copy()

	// First, rollback.
	proxyAppCtx.RollbackSync()

	// Execute, or rollback. (Does not commit)
	err = s.execBlockOnProxyApp(proxyAppCtx, block)
	if err != nil {
		proxyAppCtx.RollbackSync()
		return err
	}

	// All good!
	nextValSet.IncrementAccum(1)
	s.Validators = nextValSet
	s.LastValidators = valSet
	s.LastAppHash = block.AppHash
	s.LastBlockHeight = block.Height
	s.LastBlockHash = block.Hash()
	s.LastBlockParts = blockPartsHeader
	s.LastBlockTime = block.Time

	return nil
}

// executes transactions of a block, does not check block.StateHash
// NOTE: If an error occurs during block execution, state will be left
// at an invalid state.  Copy the state before calling execBlock!
func execBlock(s *State, block *types.Block, blockPartsHeader types.PartSetHeader) error {
	// Basic block validation.
	err := block.ValidateBasic(s.ChainID, s.LastBlockHeight, s.LastBlockHash, s.LastBlockParts, s.LastBlockTime)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Validate block LastValidation.
	if block.Height == 1 {
		if len(block.LastValidation.Precommits) != 0 {
			return errors.New("Block at height 1 (first block) should have no LastValidation precommits")
		}
	} else {
		if len(block.LastValidation.Precommits) != s.LastBondedValidators.Size() {
			return errors.New(Fmt("Invalid block validation size. Expected %v, got %v",
				s.LastBondedValidators.Size(), len(block.LastValidation.Precommits)))
		}
		err := s.LastBondedValidators.VerifyValidation(
			s.ChainID, s.LastBlockHash, s.LastBlockParts, block.Height-1, block.LastValidation)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// Update Validator.LastCommitHeight as necessary.
	for i, precommit := range block.LastValidation.Precommits {
		if precommit == nil {
			continue
		}
		_, val := s.LastBondedValidators.GetByIndex(i)
		if val == nil {
			PanicCrisis(Fmt("Failed to fetch validator at index %v", i))
		}
		if _, val_ := s.BondedValidators.GetByAddress(val.Address); val_ != nil {
			val_.LastCommitHeight = block.Height - 1
			updated := s.BondedValidators.Update(val_)
			if !updated {
				PanicCrisis("Failed to update bonded validator LastCommitHeight")
			}
		} else if _, val_ := s.UnbondingValidators.GetByAddress(val.Address); val_ != nil {
			val_.LastCommitHeight = block.Height - 1
			updated := s.UnbondingValidators.Update(val_)
			if !updated {
				PanicCrisis("Failed to update unbonding validator LastCommitHeight")
			}
		} else {
			PanicCrisis("Could not find validator")
		}
	}

	// Remember LastBondedValidators
	s.LastBondedValidators = s.BondedValidators.Copy()

	// Create BlockCache to cache changes to state.
	blockCache := NewBlockCache(s)

	// Execute each tx
	for _, tx := range block.Data.Txs {
		err := ExecTx(blockCache, tx, true, s.evc)
		if err != nil {
			return InvalidTxError{tx, err}
		}
	}

	// Now sync the BlockCache to the backend.
	blockCache.Sync()

	// If any unbonding periods are over,
	// reward account with bonded coins.
	toRelease := []*types.Validator{}
	s.UnbondingValidators.Iterate(func(index int, val *types.Validator) bool {
		if val.UnbondHeight+unbondingPeriodBlocks < block.Height {
			toRelease = append(toRelease, val)
		}
		return false
	})
	for _, val := range toRelease {
		s.releaseValidator(val)
	}

	// If any validators haven't signed in a while,
	// unbond them, they have timed out.
	toTimeout := []*types.Validator{}
	s.BondedValidators.Iterate(func(index int, val *types.Validator) bool {
		lastActivityHeight := MaxInt(val.BondHeight, val.LastCommitHeight)
		if lastActivityHeight+validatorTimeoutBlocks < block.Height {
			log.Notice("Validator timeout", "validator", val, "height", block.Height)
			toTimeout = append(toTimeout, val)
		}
		return false
	})
	for _, val := range toTimeout {
		s.unbondValidator(val)
	}

	// Increment validator AccumPowers
	s.BondedValidators.IncrementAccum(1)
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// executes transactions of a block, does not check block.StateHash
// NOTE: If an error occurs during block execution, state will be left
// at an invalid state.  Copy the state before calling execBlock!
func execBlock(s *State, block *types.Block, blockPartsHeader types.PartSetHeader) error {
	// Basic block validation.
	err := block.ValidateBasic(s.LastBlockHeight, s.LastBlockHash, s.LastBlockParts, s.LastBlockTime)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Validate block Validation.
	if block.Height == 1 {
		if len(block.Validation.Commits) != 0 {
			return errors.New("Block at height 1 (first block) should have no Validation commits")
		}
	} else {
		if uint(len(block.Validation.Commits)) != s.LastBondedValidators.Size() {
			return errors.New(Fmt("Invalid block validation size. Expected %v, got %v",
				s.LastBondedValidators.Size(), len(block.Validation.Commits)))
		}
		var sumVotingPower uint64
		s.LastBondedValidators.Iterate(func(index uint, val *Validator) bool {
			commit := block.Validation.Commits[index]
			if commit.IsZero() {
				return false
			} else {
				vote := &types.Vote{
					Height:     block.Height - 1,
					Round:      commit.Round,
					Type:       types.VoteTypeCommit,
					BlockHash:  block.LastBlockHash,
					BlockParts: block.LastBlockParts,
				}
				if val.PubKey.VerifyBytes(account.SignBytes(vote), commit.Signature) {
					sumVotingPower += val.VotingPower
					return false
				} else {
					log.Warn(Fmt("Invalid validation signature.\nval: %v\nvote: %v", val, vote))
					err = errors.New("Invalid validation signature")
					return true
				}
			}
		})
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if sumVotingPower <= s.LastBondedValidators.TotalVotingPower()*2/3 {
			return errors.New("Insufficient validation voting power")
		}
	}

	// Update Validator.LastCommitHeight as necessary.
	for i, commit := range block.Validation.Commits {
		if commit.IsZero() {
			continue
		}
		_, val := s.LastBondedValidators.GetByIndex(uint(i))
		if val == nil {
			panic(Fmt("Failed to fetch validator at index %v", i))
		}
		if _, val_ := s.BondedValidators.GetByAddress(val.Address); val_ != nil {
			val_.LastCommitHeight = block.Height - 1
			updated := s.BondedValidators.Update(val_)
			if !updated {
				panic("Failed to update bonded validator LastCommitHeight")
			}
		} else if _, val_ := s.UnbondingValidators.GetByAddress(val.Address); val_ != nil {
			val_.LastCommitHeight = block.Height - 1
			updated := s.UnbondingValidators.Update(val_)
			if !updated {
				panic("Failed to update unbonding validator LastCommitHeight")
			}
		} else {
			panic("Could not find validator")
		}
	}

	// Remember LastBondedValidators
	s.LastBondedValidators = s.BondedValidators.Copy()

	// Create BlockCache to cache changes to state.
	blockCache := NewBlockCache(s)

	// Commit each tx
	for _, tx := range block.Data.Txs {
		err := ExecTx(blockCache, tx, true, s.evc)
		if err != nil {
			return InvalidTxError{tx, err}
		}
	}

	// Now sync the BlockCache to the backend.
	blockCache.Sync()

	// If any unbonding periods are over,
	// reward account with bonded coins.
	toRelease := []*Validator{}
	s.UnbondingValidators.Iterate(func(index uint, val *Validator) bool {
		if val.UnbondHeight+unbondingPeriodBlocks < block.Height {
			toRelease = append(toRelease, val)
//.........这里部分代码省略.........