func TestUnversionedTypes(t *testing.T) {
	internalGV := unversioned.GroupVersion{Group: "test.group", Version: runtime.APIVersionInternal}
	externalGV := unversioned.GroupVersion{Group: "test.group", Version: "testExternal"}
	otherGV := unversioned.GroupVersion{Group: "group", Version: "other"}

	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
	scheme.AddUnversionedTypes(externalGV, &InternalSimple{})
	scheme.AddKnownTypeWithName(internalGV.WithKind("Simple"), &InternalSimple{})
	scheme.AddKnownTypeWithName(externalGV.WithKind("Simple"), &ExternalSimple{})
	scheme.AddKnownTypeWithName(otherGV.WithKind("Simple"), &ExternalSimple{})

	codec := serializer.NewCodecFactory(scheme).LegacyCodec(externalGV)

	if unv, ok := scheme.IsUnversioned(&InternalSimple{}); !unv || !ok {
		t.Fatalf("type not unversioned and in scheme: %t %t", unv, ok)
	}

	kinds, _, err := scheme.ObjectKinds(&InternalSimple{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	kind := kinds[0]
	if kind != externalGV.WithKind("InternalSimple") {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected: %#v", kind)
	}

	test := &InternalSimple{
		TestString: "I'm the same",
	}
	obj := runtime.Object(test)
	data, err := runtime.Encode(codec, obj)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	obj2, gvk, err := codec.Decode(data, nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, ok := obj2.(*InternalSimple); !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Got wrong type")
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(obj2, test) {
		t.Errorf("Expected:\n %#v,\n Got:\n %#v", test, obj2)
	}
	// object is serialized as an unversioned object (in the group and version it was defined in)
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(gvk, &unversioned.GroupVersionKind{Group: "test.group", Version: "testExternal", Kind: "InternalSimple"}) {
		t.Errorf("unexpected gvk returned by decode: %#v", gvk)
	}

	// when serialized to a different group, the object is kept in its preferred name
	codec = serializer.NewCodecFactory(scheme).LegacyCodec(otherGV)
	data, err = runtime.Encode(codec, obj)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if string(data) != `{"apiVersion":"test.group/testExternal","kind":"InternalSimple","testString":"I'm the same"}`+"\n" {
		t.Errorf("unexpected data: %s", data)
	}
}

func TestEncode(t *testing.T) {
	internalGV := unversioned.GroupVersion{Group: "test.group", Version: runtime.APIVersionInternal}
	externalGV := unversioned.GroupVersion{Group: "test.group", Version: "testExternal"}

	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
	scheme.AddKnownTypeWithName(internalGV.WithKind("Simple"), &InternalSimple{})
	scheme.AddKnownTypeWithName(externalGV.WithKind("Simple"), &ExternalSimple{})

	codec := serializer.NewCodecFactory(scheme).LegacyCodec(externalGV)

	test := &InternalSimple{
		TestString: "I'm the same",
	}
	obj := runtime.Object(test)
	data, err := runtime.Encode(codec, obj)
	obj2, gvk, err2 := codec.Decode(data, nil, nil)
	if err != nil || err2 != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failure: '%v' '%v'", err, err2)
	}
	if _, ok := obj2.(*InternalSimple); !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Got wrong type")
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(obj2, test) {
		t.Errorf("Expected:\n %#v,\n Got:\n %#v", test, obj2)
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(gvk, &unversioned.GroupVersionKind{Group: "test.group", Version: "testExternal", Kind: "Simple"}) {
		t.Errorf("unexpected gvk returned by decode: %#v", gvk)
	}
}

func encodeOrDie(obj runtime.Object) []byte {
	data, err := runtime.Encode(internal.Codecs.LegacyCodec(api.SchemeGroupVersion), obj)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err.Error())
	}
	return data
}

func TestValidateOk(t *testing.T) {
	schema, err := loadSchemaForTest()
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Failed to load: %v", err)
	}
	tests := []struct {
		obj      runtime.Object
		typeName string
	}{
		{obj: &api.Pod{}},
		{obj: &api.Service{}},
		{obj: &api.ReplicationController{}},
	}

	seed := rand.Int63()
	apiObjectFuzzer := apitesting.FuzzerFor(nil, testapi.Default.InternalGroupVersion(), rand.NewSource(seed))
	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
		for _, test := range tests {
			testObj := test.obj
			apiObjectFuzzer.Fuzz(testObj)
			data, err := runtime.Encode(testapi.Default.Codec(), testObj)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
			}
			err = schema.ValidateBytes(data)
			if err != nil {
				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
			}
		}
	}
}

func HashObject(obj runtime.Object, codec runtime.Codec) (string, error) {
	data, err := runtime.Encode(codec, obj)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(data)), nil
}

func (p *patcher) patchSimple(obj runtime.Object, modified []byte, source, namespace, name string) ([]byte, error) {
	// Serialize the current configuration of the object from the server.
	current, err := runtime.Encode(p.encoder, obj)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, cmdutil.AddSourceToErr(fmt.Sprintf("serializing current configuration from:\n%v\nfor:", obj), source, err)
	}

	// Retrieve the original configuration of the object from the annotation.
	original, err := kubectl.GetOriginalConfiguration(p.mapping, obj)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, cmdutil.AddSourceToErr(fmt.Sprintf("retrieving original configuration from:\n%v\nfor:", obj), source, err)
	}

	// Create the versioned struct from the original from the server for
	// strategic patch.
	// TODO: Move all structs in apply to use raw data. Can be done once
	// builder has a RawResult method which delivers raw data instead of
	// internal objects.
	versionedObject, _, err := p.decoder.Decode(current, nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, cmdutil.AddSourceToErr(fmt.Sprintf("converting encoded server-side object back to versioned struct:\n%v\nfor:", obj), source, err)
	}

	// Compute a three way strategic merge patch to send to server.
	patch, err := strategicpatch.CreateThreeWayMergePatch(original, modified, current, versionedObject, true)
	if err != nil {
		format := "creating patch with:\noriginal:\n%s\nmodified:\n%s\ncurrent:\n%s\nfor:"
		return nil, cmdutil.AddSourceToErr(fmt.Sprintf(format, original, modified, current), source, err)
	}

	_, err = p.helper.Patch(namespace, name, api.StrategicMergePatchType, patch)
	return patch, err
}

func TestExperimentalEncodeDecodeStatus(t *testing.T) {
	// TODO: caesarxuchao: use the testapi.Extensions.Codec() once the PR that
	// moves experimental from v1 to v1beta1 got merged.
	expCodec := api.Codecs.LegacyCodec(extensions.SchemeGroupVersion)
	encoded, err := runtime.Encode(expCodec, status)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	typeMeta := unversioned.TypeMeta{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(encoded, &typeMeta); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	if typeMeta.Kind != "Status" {
		t.Errorf("Kind is not set to \"Status\". Got %s", encoded)
	}
	if typeMeta.APIVersion != "v1" {
		t.Errorf("APIVersion is not set to \"\". Got %s", encoded)
	}
	decoded, err := runtime.Decode(expCodec, encoded)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(status, decoded) {
		t.Errorf("expected: %v, got: %v", status, decoded)
	}
}

func TestUnversionedTypes(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []runtime.Object{
		&unversioned.Status{Status: "Failure", Message: "something went wrong"},
		&unversioned.APIVersions{Versions: []string{"A", "B", "C"}},
		&unversioned.APIGroupList{Groups: []unversioned.APIGroup{{Name: "mygroup"}}},
		&unversioned.APIGroup{Name: "mygroup"},
		&unversioned.APIResourceList{GroupVersion: "mygroup/myversion"},
	}

	for _, obj := range testcases {
		// Make sure the unversioned codec can encode
		unversionedJSON, err := runtime.Encode(testapi.Default.Codec(), obj)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("%v: unexpected error: %v", obj, err)
			continue
		}

		// Make sure the versioned codec under test can decode
		versionDecodedObject, err := runtime.Decode(testapi.Default.Codec(), unversionedJSON)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("%v: unexpected error: %v", obj, err)
			continue
		}
		// Make sure it decodes correctly
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(obj, versionDecodedObject) {
			t.Errorf("%v: expected %#v, got %#v", obj, obj, versionDecodedObject)
			continue
		}
	}
}

func TestEncode_Ptr(t *testing.T) {
	grace := int64(30)
	pod := &api.Pod{
		ObjectMeta: api.ObjectMeta{
			Labels: map[string]string{"name": "foo"},
		},
		Spec: api.PodSpec{
			RestartPolicy: api.RestartPolicyAlways,
			DNSPolicy:     api.DNSClusterFirst,

			TerminationGracePeriodSeconds: &grace,

			SecurityContext: &api.PodSecurityContext{},
		},
	}
	obj := runtime.Object(pod)
	data, err := runtime.Encode(testapi.Default.Codec(), obj)
	obj2, err2 := runtime.Decode(testapi.Default.Codec(), data)
	if err != nil || err2 != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failure: '%v' '%v'", err, err2)
	}
	if _, ok := obj2.(*api.Pod); !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Got wrong type")
	}
	if !api.Semantic.DeepEqual(obj2, pod) {
		t.Errorf("\nExpected:\n\n %#v,\n\nGot:\n\n %#vDiff: %v\n\n", pod, obj2, diff.ObjectDiff(obj2, pod))

	}
}

// Create implements storage.Interface.Create.
func (s *store) Create(ctx context.Context, key string, obj, out runtime.Object, ttl uint64) error {
	if version, err := s.versioner.ObjectResourceVersion(obj); err == nil && version != 0 {
		return errors.New("resourceVersion should not be set on objects to be created")
	}
	data, err := runtime.Encode(s.codec, obj)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	key = keyWithPrefix(s.pathPrefix, key)

	opts, err := s.ttlOpts(ctx, int64(ttl))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	txnResp, err := s.client.KV.Txn(ctx).If(
		notFound(key),
	).Then(
		clientv3.OpPut(key, string(data), opts...),
	).Commit()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !txnResp.Succeeded {
		return storage.NewKeyExistsError(key, 0)
	}

	if out != nil {
		putResp := txnResp.Responses[0].GetResponsePut()
		return decode(s.codec, s.versioner, data, out, putResp.Header.Revision)
	}
	return nil
}

func TestV1EncodeDecodeStatus(t *testing.T) {

	v1Codec := testapi.Default.Codec()

	encoded, err := runtime.Encode(v1Codec, status)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	typeMeta := unversioned.TypeMeta{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(encoded, &typeMeta); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	if typeMeta.Kind != "Status" {
		t.Errorf("Kind is not set to \"Status\". Got %v", string(encoded))
	}
	if typeMeta.APIVersion != "v1" {
		t.Errorf("APIVersion is not set to \"v1\". Got %v", string(encoded))
	}
	decoded, err := runtime.Decode(v1Codec, encoded)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(status, decoded) {
		t.Errorf("expected: %v, got: %v", status, decoded)
	}
}

// GuaranteedUpdate implements storage.Interface.GuaranteedUpdate.
func (s *store) GuaranteedUpdate(ctx context.Context, key string, out runtime.Object, ignoreNotFound bool, precondtions *storage.Preconditions, tryUpdate storage.UpdateFunc) error {
	v, err := conversion.EnforcePtr(out)
	if err != nil {
		panic("unable to convert output object to pointer")
	}
	key = keyWithPrefix(s.pathPrefix, key)
	getResp, err := s.client.KV.Get(ctx, key)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for {
		origState, err := s.getState(getResp, key, v, ignoreNotFound)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := checkPreconditions(key, precondtions, origState.obj); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		ret, ttl, err := s.updateState(origState, tryUpdate)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		data, err := runtime.Encode(s.codec, ret)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if bytes.Equal(data, origState.data) {
			return decode(s.codec, s.versioner, origState.data, out, origState.rev)
		}

		opts, err := s.ttlOpts(ctx, int64(ttl))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		txnResp, err := s.client.KV.Txn(ctx).If(
			clientv3.Compare(clientv3.ModRevision(key), "=", origState.rev),
		).Then(
			clientv3.OpPut(key, string(data), opts...),
		).Else(
			clientv3.OpGet(key),
		).Commit()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if !txnResp.Succeeded {
			getResp = (*clientv3.GetResponse)(txnResp.Responses[0].GetResponseRange())
			glog.V(4).Infof("GuaranteedUpdate of %s failed because of a conflict, going to retry", key)
			continue
		}
		putResp := txnResp.Responses[0].GetResponsePut()
		return decode(s.codec, s.versioner, data, out, putResp.Header.Revision)
	}
}

// SavePodToFile will encode and save a pod to a given path & permissions
func SavePodToFile(pod *api.Pod, filePath string, perm os.FileMode) error {
	if filePath == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("file path not specified")
	}
	codec := api.Codecs.LegacyCodec(registered.GroupOrDie(api.GroupName).GroupVersion)
	data, err := runtime.Encode(codec, pod)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed encoding pod: %v", err)
	}
	return ioutil.WriteFile(filePath, data, perm)
}

// Object converts a watch.Event into an appropriately serializable JSON object
func Object(encoder runtime.Encoder, event *watch.Event) (interface{}, error) {
	obj, ok := event.Object.(runtime.Object)
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the event object cannot be safely converted to JSON: %v", reflect.TypeOf(event.Object).Name())
	}
	data, err := runtime.Encode(encoder, obj)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &WatchEvent{event.Type, runtime.RawExtension{Raw: json.RawMessage(data)}}, nil
}

// BenchmarkEncodeCodec measures the cost of performing a codec encode, which includes
// reflection (to clear APIVersion and Kind)
func BenchmarkEncodeCodec(b *testing.B) {
	items := benchmarkItems()
	width := len(items)
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		if _, err := runtime.Encode(testapi.Default.Codec(), &items[i%width]); err != nil {
			b.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
	b.StopTimer()
}

// roundTripOrDie round trips an object to get defaults set.
func roundTripOrDie(codec runtime.Codec, object runtime.Object) runtime.Object {
	data, err := runtime.Encode(codec, object)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	obj, err := runtime.Decode(codec, data)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return obj
}

// BenchmarkEncodeCodec measures the cost of performing a codec encode, which includes
// reflection (to clear APIVersion and Kind)
func BenchmarkEncodeCodecProtobuf(b *testing.B) {
	items := benchmarkItems()
	width := len(items)
	s := protobuf.NewSerializer(nil, nil, "application/arbitrary.content.type")
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		if _, err := runtime.Encode(s, &items[i%width]); err != nil {
			b.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
	b.StopTimer()
}

func Example_mergingSomeWithConflict() {
	commandLineFile, _ := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
	defer os.Remove(commandLineFile.Name())
	envVarFile, _ := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
	defer os.Remove(envVarFile.Name())

	WriteToFile(testConfigAlfa, commandLineFile.Name())
	WriteToFile(testConfigConflictAlfa, envVarFile.Name())

	loadingRules := ClientConfigLoadingRules{
		Precedence: []string{commandLineFile.Name(), envVarFile.Name()},
	}

	mergedConfig, err := loadingRules.Load()

	json, err := runtime.Encode(clientcmdlatest.Codec, mergedConfig)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	output, err := yaml.JSONToYAML(json)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v", string(output))
	// Output:
	// apiVersion: v1
	// clusters:
	// - cluster:
	//     server: http://cow.org:8080
	//   name: cow-cluster
	// - cluster:
	//     insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
	//     server: http://donkey.org:8080
	//   name: donkey-cluster
	// contexts:
	// - context:
	//     cluster: cow-cluster
	//     namespace: hammer-ns
	//     user: red-user
	//   name: federal-context
	// current-context: federal-context
	// kind: Config
	// preferences: {}
	// users:
	// - name: red-user
	//   user:
	//     token: red-token
	// - name: yellow-user
	//   user:
	//     token: yellow-token
}

func refJson(t *testing.T, o runtime.Object) string {
	ref, err := api.GetReference(o)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}

	_, _, codec := NewAPIFactory()
	json, err := runtime.Encode(codec, &api.SerializedReference{Reference: *ref})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}

	return string(json)
}

// errorJSONFatal renders an error to the response, and if codec fails will render plaintext.
// Returns the HTTP status code of the error.
func errorJSONFatal(err error, codec runtime.Encoder, w http.ResponseWriter) int {
	utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("apiserver was unable to write a JSON response: %v", err))
	status := errToAPIStatus(err)
	code := int(status.Code)
	output, err := runtime.Encode(codec, status)
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(code)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s: %s", status.Reason, status.Message)
		return code
	}
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(code)
	w.Write(output)
	return code
}