def send_refund_notification(course_enrollment, refund_ids):
    """
    Issue an email notification to the configured email recipient about a
    newly-initiated refund request.

    This function does not do any exception handling; callers are responsible
    for capturing and recovering from any errors.
    """
    if microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        # this is not presently supported with the external service.
        raise NotImplementedError("Unable to send refund processing emails to microsite teams.")

    for_user = course_enrollment.user
    subject = _("[Refund] User-Requested Refund")
    message = _(
        "A refund request has been initiated for {username} ({email}). "
        "To process this request, please visit the link(s) below."
    ).format(username=for_user.username, email=for_user.email)

    refund_urls = [
        urljoin(settings.ECOMMERCE_PUBLIC_URL_ROOT, '/dashboard/refunds/{}/'.format(refund_id))
        for refund_id in refund_ids
    ]
    text_body = '\r\n'.join([message] + refund_urls + [''])
    refund_links = ['<a href="{0}">{0}</a>'.format(url) for url in refund_urls]
    html_body = '<p>{}</p>'.format('<br>'.join([message] + refund_links))

    email_message = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_body, for_user.email, [settings.PAYMENT_SUPPORT_EMAIL])
    email_message.attach_alternative(html_body, "text/html")
    email_message.send()

def get_template_path(relative_path, **kwargs):
    """
    This is a proxy function to hide microsite_configuration behind comprehensive theming.
    """
    if microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        relative_path = microsite.get_template_path(relative_path, **kwargs)
    return relative_path

    def current(cls, *args):
        """
        Get the current config model for the provider according to the enabled slugs for this site.
        The site configuration expects the value of THIRD_PARTY_AUTH_ENABLED_PROVIDERS to be a dict
        of backend_name and the slug being used for the configuration object.
        E.g.
        "THIRD_PARTY_AUTH_ENABLED_PROVIDERS":{
            "google-oauth2":"my-slug-for-this-provider"
        }
        """
        enabled_providers = microsite.get_value('THIRD_PARTY_AUTH_ENABLED_PROVIDERS', {})

        # In a very specific case, azuread-oauth2 does not have a microsite context.
        if not microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
            try:
                microsite.set_by_domain(get_current_request().site.domain)
                enabled_providers = microsite.get_value('THIRD_PARTY_AUTH_ENABLED_PROVIDERS', {})
                microsite.clear()
            except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
                pass

        if not enabled_providers:
            return super(OAuth2ProviderConfig, cls).current(*args)
        provider_slug = enabled_providers.get(args[0])
        if provider_slug:
            return super(OAuth2ProviderConfig, cls).current(provider_slug)
        return super(OAuth2ProviderConfig, cls).current(None)

def microsite_footer_context_processor(request):
    """
    Checks the site name to determine whether to use the edX.org footer or the Open Source Footer.
    """
    return dict(
        [
            ("IS_REQUEST_IN_MICROSITE", microsite.is_request_in_microsite())
        ]
    )

def get_template_path(relative_path, **kwargs):
    """
    This is a proxy function to hide microsite_configuration behind comprehensive theming.
    """
    # We need to give priority to theming over microsites
    # So, we apply microsite override only if there is no associated site theme
    # and associated microsite is present.
    if not current_request_has_associated_site_theme() and microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        relative_path = microsite.get_template_path(relative_path, **kwargs)
    return relative_path

def login_and_registration_form(request, initial_mode="login"):
    """Render the combined login/registration form, defaulting to login

    This relies on the JS to asynchronously load the actual form from
    the user_api.

    Keyword Args:
        initial_mode (string): Either "login" or "register".

    """
    # If we're already logged in, redirect to the dashboard
    if request.user.is_authenticated():
        return redirect(reverse('dashboard'))

    # Retrieve the form descriptions from the user API
    form_descriptions = _get_form_descriptions(request)

    # If this is a microsite, revert to the old login/registration pages.
    # We need to do this for now to support existing themes.
    if microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        if initial_mode == "login":
            return old_login_view(request)
        elif initial_mode == "register":
            return old_register_view(request)

    # Allow external auth to intercept and handle the request
    ext_auth_response = _external_auth_intercept(request, initial_mode)
    if ext_auth_response is not None:
        return ext_auth_response

    # Otherwise, render the combined login/registration page
    context = {
        'disable_courseware_js': True,
        'initial_mode': initial_mode,
        'third_party_auth': json.dumps(_third_party_auth_context(request)),
        'platform_name': settings.PLATFORM_NAME,
        'responsive': True,

        # Include form descriptions retrieved from the user API.
        # We could have the JS client make these requests directly,
        # but we include them in the initial page load to avoid
        # the additional round-trip to the server.
        'login_form_desc': form_descriptions['login'],
        'registration_form_desc': form_descriptions['registration'],
        'password_reset_form_desc': form_descriptions['password_reset'],

        # We need to pass these parameters so that the header's
        # "Sign In" button preserves the querystring params.
        'enrollment_action': request.GET.get('enrollment_action'),
        'course_id': request.GET.get('course_id'),
        'course_mode': request.GET.get('course_mode'),
    }

    return render_to_response('student_account/login_and_register.html', context)

def _update_social_context(request, context, course, user, user_certificate, platform_name):
    """
    Updates context dictionary with info required for social sharing.
    """
    share_settings = getattr(settings, 'SOCIAL_SHARING_SETTINGS', {})
    context['facebook_share_enabled'] = share_settings.get('CERTIFICATE_FACEBOOK', False)
    context['facebook_app_id'] = getattr(settings, "FACEBOOK_APP_ID", None)
    context['facebook_share_text'] = share_settings.get(
        'CERTIFICATE_FACEBOOK_TEXT',
        _("I completed the {course_title} course on {platform_name}.").format(
            course_title=context['accomplishment_copy_course_name'],
            platform_name=platform_name
        )
    )
    context['twitter_share_enabled'] = share_settings.get('CERTIFICATE_TWITTER', False)
    context['twitter_share_text'] = share_settings.get(
        'CERTIFICATE_TWITTER_TEXT',
        _("I completed a course on {platform_name}. Take a look at my certificate.").format(
            platform_name=platform_name
        )
    )

    share_url = request.build_absolute_uri(
        reverse(
            'certificates:html_view',
            kwargs=dict(user_id=str(user.id), course_id=unicode(course.id))
        )
    )
    context['share_url'] = share_url
    twitter_url = ''
    if context.get('twitter_share_enabled', False):
        twitter_url = 'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text={twitter_share_text}&url={share_url}'.format(
            twitter_share_text=smart_str(context['twitter_share_text']),
            share_url=urllib.quote_plus(smart_str(share_url))
        )
    context['twitter_url'] = twitter_url
    context['linked_in_url'] = None
    # If enabled, show the LinkedIn "add to profile" button
    # Clicking this button sends the user to LinkedIn where they
    # can add the certificate information to their profile.
    linkedin_config = LinkedInAddToProfileConfiguration.current()

    # posting certificates to LinkedIn is not currently
    # supported in microsites/White Labels
    if linkedin_config.enabled and not microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        context['linked_in_url'] = linkedin_config.add_to_profile_url(
            course.id,
            course.display_name,
            user_certificate.mode,
            smart_str(request.build_absolute_uri(get_certificate_url(
                user_id=user.id,
                course_id=unicode(course.id)
            )))
        )

def send_refund_notification(course_enrollment, refund_ids):
    """ Notify the support team of the refund request. """

    tags = ["auto_refund"]

    if microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        # this is not presently supported with the external service.
        raise NotImplementedError("Unable to send refund processing emails to microsite teams.")

    student = course_enrollment.user
    subject = _("[Refund] User-Requested Refund")
    body = generate_refund_notification_body(student, refund_ids)
    requester_name = student.profile.name or student.username
    create_zendesk_ticket(requester_name, student.email, subject, body, tags)

def is_comprehensive_theming_enabled():
    """
    Returns boolean indicating whether comprehensive theming functionality is enabled or disabled.
    Example:
        >> is_comprehensive_theming_enabled()
        True

    Returns:
         (bool): True if comprehensive theming is enabled else False
    """
    # Disable theming for microsites
    if microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        return False

    return settings.ENABLE_COMPREHENSIVE_THEMING

def get_themed_template_path(relative_path, default_path, **kwargs):
    """
    This is a proxy function to hide microsite_configuration behind comprehensive theming.

    The workflow considers the "Stanford theming" feature alongside of microsites.  It returns
    the path of the themed template (i.e. relative_path) if Stanford theming is enabled AND
    microsite theming is disabled, otherwise it will return the path of either the microsite
    override template or the base lms template.

    :param relative_path: relative path of themed template
    :param default_path: relative path of the microsite's or lms template to use if
        theming is disabled or microsite is enabled
    """
    is_stanford_theming_enabled = settings.FEATURES.get("USE_CUSTOM_THEME", False)
    is_microsite = microsite.is_request_in_microsite()
    if is_stanford_theming_enabled and not is_microsite:
        return relative_path
    return microsite.get_template_path(default_path, **kwargs)

def is_comprehensive_theming_enabled():
    """
    Returns boolean indicating whether comprehensive theming functionality is enabled or disabled.
    Example:
        >> is_comprehensive_theming_enabled()
        True

    Returns:
         (bool): True if comprehensive theming is enabled else False
    """
    # We need to give priority to theming over microsites
    if settings.ENABLE_COMPREHENSIVE_THEMING and current_request_has_associated_site_theme():
        return True

    # Disable theming for microsites
    # Microsite configurations take priority over the default site theme.
    if microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        return False

    return settings.ENABLE_COMPREHENSIVE_THEMING

def is_request_in_themed_site():
    """
    This is a proxy function to hide microsite_configuration behind comprehensive theming.
    """
    return microsite.is_request_in_microsite()

def login_and_registration_form(request, initial_mode="login"):
    """Render the combined login/registration form, defaulting to login

    This relies on the JS to asynchronously load the actual form from
    the user_api.

    Keyword Args:
        initial_mode (string): Either "login" or "register".

    """
    # Determine the URL to redirect to following login/registration/third_party_auth
    redirect_to = get_next_url_for_login_page(request)

    # If we're already logged in, redirect to the dashboard
    if request.user.is_authenticated():
        return redirect(redirect_to)

    # Retrieve the form descriptions from the user API
    form_descriptions = _get_form_descriptions(request)

    # If this is a microsite, revert to the old login/registration pages.
    # We need to do this for now to support existing themes.
    # Microsites can use the new logistration page by setting
    # 'ENABLE_COMBINED_LOGIN_REGISTRATION' in their microsites configuration file.
    if microsite.is_request_in_microsite() and not microsite.get_value('ENABLE_COMBINED_LOGIN_REGISTRATION', False):
        if initial_mode == "login":
            return old_login_view(request)
        elif initial_mode == "register":
            return old_register_view(request)

    # Allow external auth to intercept and handle the request
    ext_auth_response = _external_auth_intercept(request, initial_mode)
    if ext_auth_response is not None:
        return ext_auth_response

    # Our ?next= URL may itself contain a parameter 'tpa_hint=x' that we need to check.
    # If present, we display a login page focused on third-party auth with that provider.
    third_party_auth_hint = None
    if '?' in redirect_to:
        try:
            next_args = urlparse.parse_qs(urlparse.urlparse(redirect_to).query)
            provider_id = next_args['tpa_hint'][0]
            if third_party_auth.provider.Registry.get(provider_id=provider_id):
                third_party_auth_hint = provider_id
                initial_mode = "hinted_login"
        except (KeyError, ValueError, IndexError):
            pass

    # Otherwise, render the combined login/registration page
    context = {
        'login_redirect_url': redirect_to,  # This gets added to the query string of the "Sign In" button in the header
        'disable_courseware_js': True,
        'initial_mode': initial_mode,
        'third_party_auth': json.dumps(_third_party_auth_context(request, redirect_to)),
        'third_party_auth_hint': third_party_auth_hint or '',
        'platform_name': settings.PLATFORM_NAME,
        'responsive': True,

        # Include form descriptions retrieved from the user API.
        # We could have the JS client make these requests directly,
        # but we include them in the initial page load to avoid
        # the additional round-trip to the server.
        'login_form_desc': form_descriptions['login'],
        'registration_form_desc': form_descriptions['registration'],
        'password_reset_form_desc': form_descriptions['password_reset'],
    }

    return render_to_response('student_account/login_and_register.html', context)

def open_source_footer_context_processor(request):
    """
    Checks the site name to determine whether to use the edX.org footer or the Open Source Footer.
    """
    return dict(
        [
            ("IS_EDX_DOMAIN", settings.FEATURES.get('IS_EDX_DOMAIN', False)),
            ("ENABLE_CUSTOM_THEME", settings.FEATURES.get("USE_CUSTOM_THEME", False) and not microsite.is_request_in_microsite())
        ]
    )

#.........这里部分代码省略.........
            log.warn(
                "Could not find badge for %s on course %s.",
                user.id,
                course_key,
            )

    # Okay, now we have all of the pieces, time to put everything together

    # Get the active certificate configuration for this course
    # If we do not have an active certificate, we'll need to send the user to the "Invalid" screen
    # Passing in the 'preview' parameter, if specified, will return a configuration, if defined
    active_configuration = get_active_web_certificate(course, preview_mode)
    if active_configuration is None:
        return render_to_response(invalid_template_path, context)
    else:
        context['certificate_data'] = active_configuration

    # Append/Override the existing view context values with any mode-specific ConfigurationModel values
    context.update(configuration.get(user_certificate.mode, {}))

    # Append/Override the existing view context values with request-time values
    _update_certificate_context(context, course, user, user_certificate)
    share_url = request.build_absolute_uri(
        reverse(
            'certificates:html_view',
            kwargs=dict(user_id=str(user_id), course_id=unicode(course_id))
        )
    )
    context['share_url'] = share_url
    twitter_url = ''
    if context.get('twitter_share_enabled', False):
        twitter_url = 'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text={twitter_share_text}&url={share_url}'.format(
            twitter_share_text=smart_str(context['twitter_share_text']),
            share_url=urllib.quote_plus(smart_str(share_url))
        )
    context['twitter_url'] = twitter_url
    context['full_course_image_url'] = request.build_absolute_uri(course_image_url(course))

    # If enabled, show the LinkedIn "add to profile" button
    # Clicking this button sends the user to LinkedIn where they
    # can add the certificate information to their profile.
    linkedin_config = LinkedInAddToProfileConfiguration.current()

    # posting certificates to LinkedIn is not currently
    # supported in microsites/White Labels
    if linkedin_config.enabled and not microsite.is_request_in_microsite():
        context['linked_in_url'] = linkedin_config.add_to_profile_url(
            course.id,
            course.display_name,
            user_certificate.mode,
            smart_str(request.build_absolute_uri(get_certificate_url(
                user_id=user.id,
                course_id=unicode(course.id)
            )))
        )
    else:
        context['linked_in_url'] = None

    # Microsites will need to be able to override any hard coded
    # content that was put into the context in the
    # _update_certificate_context() call above. For example the
    # 'company_about_description' talks about edX, which we most likely
    # do not want to keep in a microsite
    #
    # So we need to re-apply any configuration/content that
    # we are sourceing from the database. This is somewhat duplicative of
    # the code at the beginning of this method, but we
    # need the configuration at the top as some error code paths
    # require that to be set up early on in the pipeline
    #
    microsite_config_key = microsite.get_value('microsite_config_key')
    if microsite_config_key:
        context.update(configuration.get(microsite_config_key, {}))

    # track certificate evidence_visited event for analytics when certificate_user and accessing_user are different
    if request.user and request.user.id != user.id:
        emit_certificate_event('evidence_visited', user, course_id, course, {
            'certificate_id': user_certificate.verify_uuid,
            'enrollment_mode': user_certificate.mode,
            'social_network': CertificateSocialNetworks.linkedin
        })

    # Append/Override the existing view context values with any course-specific static values from Advanced Settings
    context.update(course.cert_html_view_overrides)

    # FINALLY, generate and send the output the client
    if settings.FEATURES.get('CUSTOM_CERTIFICATE_TEMPLATES_ENABLED', False):
        custom_template = get_certificate_template(course_key, user_certificate.mode)
        if custom_template:
            template = Template(
                custom_template,
                output_encoding='utf-8',
                input_encoding='utf-8',
                default_filters=['decode.utf8'],
                encoding_errors='replace',
            )
            context = RequestContext(request, context)
            return HttpResponse(template.render(context))

    return render_to_response("certificates/valid.html", context)

 def test_is_request_in_microsite(self):
     """
     Tests microsite.is_request_in_microsite works as expected.
     """
     microsite.set_by_domain(self.microsite_subdomain)
     self.assertTrue(microsite.is_request_in_microsite())

def is_request_in_themed_site():
    """
    This is a proxy function to hide microsite_configuration behind comprehensive theming.
    """
    # We need to give priority to theming/site-configuration over microsites
    return configuration_helpers.is_site_configuration_enabled() or microsite.is_request_in_microsite()