def get_era_winds(m, rawdatapath, start_year, end_year, start_month,  end_month, xyres):

	wind_data = Dataset(rawdatapath+'/WINDS/ERA/DATA/ERAI_WINDS_MONTHLY_1979-2014.nc', 'r')
	lats = wind_data.variables['latitude'][::-1]
	lons = wind_data.variables['longitude'][:]
	time = wind_data.variables['time'][:]/(24.*30.)
	time = time-time[0]
	time=time.reshape(time.shape[0]/12,12)
	u10 = wind_data.variables['u10'][:, ::-1, :]
	v10 = wind_data.variables['v10'][:, ::-1, :]
	u10=u10.reshape(u10.shape[0]/12, 12,u10.shape[1],u10.shape[2])
	v10=v10.reshape(v10.shape[0]/12, 12, v10.shape[1],v10.shape[2])

	u10_winter_mean= np.mean(u10[start_year-1979:end_year-1979+1,start_month:end_month+1], axis=tuple(range(0, 2)))
	v10_winter_mean= np.mean(v10[start_year-1979:end_year-1979+1,start_month:end_month+1], axis=tuple(range(0, 2)))


	u10_winter_meanS, lonsS = shiftgrid(180.,u10_winter_mean,lons,start=False)
	v10_winter_meanS, lonsS = shiftgrid(180.,v10_winter_mean,lons,start=False)

	u10_winter_meanSC, lonsSC = addcyclic(u10_winter_meanS, lonsS)
	v10_winter_meanSC, lonsSC = addcyclic(v10_winter_meanS, lonsS)

	xyres=100

	xvel,yvel,xptsW,yptsW = m.transform_vector(u10_winter_meanSC,v10_winter_meanSC,lonsSC,lats,xyres,xyres,returnxy=True,masked=True)
	wind_speed = sqrt((xvel**2) + (yvel**2))


	wind_speed = sqrt((xvel**2) + (yvel**2))
	return xptsW, yptsW, xvel, yvel, wind_speed

    def vars(self, index):

        var_array1 = self.f_u.variables[self.varname1][index,::-1, ::]
        var_array2 = self.f_v.variables[self.varname2][index,::-1, ::]
        var_temp1, lons_temp = shiftgrid(180.,var_array1,self.lons0,start=False)
        var_temp2, lons_temp = shiftgrid(180.,var_array2,self.lons0,start=False)

        return var_temp1, var_temp2

def updatefig(nt):
    global CS1,CS2,Q
    date = dates[nt]
    for c in CS1.collections: c.remove()
    CS1 = m.contour(x,y,slp[nt,:,:],clevs,linewidths=0.5,colors='k')
    for c in CS2.collections: c.remove()
    CS2 = m.contourf(x,y,slp[nt,:,:],clevs,cmap=plt.cm.RdBu_r)
    ugrid,newlons = shiftgrid(180.,u[nt,:,:],longitudes,start=False)
    vgrid,newlons = shiftgrid(180.,v[nt,:,:],longitudes,start=False)
    urot,vrot,xx,yy = m.transform_vector(ugrid,vgrid,newlons,latitudes,51,51,returnxy=True,masked=True)
    txt.set_text('SLP and Wind Vectors '+str(date))
    Q.set_UVC(urot,vrot)

def dummy_plot(ldata, lats, lons, tit, fname):
    plt.figure(figsize=(20,10))
    m = Basemap(projection = 'robin', lon_0 = 0)
    data = np.zeros((ldata.shape[0],ldata.shape[1]+1))
    data[:,:-1] = ldata
    data[:,-1] = data[:,0]
    llons = lons.tolist()
    llons.append(360)
    lons = np.array(llons)
    lat_ndx = np.argsort(lats)
    lats = lats[lat_ndx]
    data = data[lat_ndx, :]
    data, lons = basemap.shiftgrid(180.,data,lons,start=False)
    m.fillcontinents(color = "#ECF0F3", lake_color = "#A9E5FF", zorder = 0)
    m.drawmapboundary(fill_color = "#A9E5FF")
    m.drawcoastlines(linewidth = 2, color = "#333333")
    m.drawcountries(linewidth = 1.5, color = "#333333")
    m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 120, 30), linewidth = 1.2, labels = [1,0,0,0], color = "#222222", size = 15)
    m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 60), linewidth = 1.2, labels = [0,0,0,1], color = "#222222", size = 15)
    x, y = m(*np.meshgrid(lons, lats))
    cs = m.contourf(x, y, data, 20, cmap = plt.get_cmap('CMRmap_r'))
    plt.colorbar(cs)
    plt.title(tit, size = 25)
    if fname is not None:
        plt.savefig(fname, bbox_inches='tight')
    else:
        plt.show()

def plot_2Ddata_with_underlay(data_array, lons=None, lats=None):
    """ Plot of a 2D array on top of coast lines and country lines.
    """
    figure()

    # Create the basemap instance and draw the continents
    # Basemap kw args: llcrnrlon = lower left corner longitude, and so on
    m = Basemap(llcrnrlon=-180, llcrnrlat=-90, urcrnrlon=180, urcrnrlat=90, projection="mill")
    m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=1.25)
    m.drawcountries(linewidth=0.5)
    # m.fillcontinents(color='0.8')
    m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 91, 20), labels=[1, 1, 0, 0])
    m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 60), labels=[0, 0, 0, 1])

    # Shift the data by 180 in longitude to center the map on longitude=0
    data_array, lon_out = shiftgrid(180, data_array, lons)

    # Add the data, and place origin in upper left since the origin of the numpy
    # array corresponds tolat = 90 and long = 0
    m.imshow(data_array, origin="upper")

    # More complex version that involves interpolation on a grid of points in
    # map coordinates.
    # nx = int((m.xmax-m.xmin)/500.)+1; ny = int((m.ymax-m.ymin)/500.)+1
    # dat_array = m.transform_scalar(data_array, lons,lats,nx,ny)
    # m.imshow(dat_array, origin = 'upper')

    # figure()
    # m = Basemap(projection='ortho',lon_0=-105,lat_0=40)
    # m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=1.25)
    # m.drawcountries(linewidth=0.5)
    # dat_transformed = m.transform_scalar(data_array,

    return

def doplot(nc_file=None,varname=None,vmin=None,vmax=None,
           title=None):
    lons=nc_file.variables['lon'][...]
    lats=nc_file.variables['lat'][...]
    vals=nc_file.variables[varname]
    vals.set_auto_maskandscale(True)
    vals=vals[...]
    vals,lons=shiftgrid(180.,vals,lons,start=False)
    vals,lons=addcyclic(vals,lons)
    fig,ax = plt.subplots(1,1)
    ax.cla()
    cmap=cm.RdBu_r
    cmap.set_over('y')
    cmap.set_under('k')
    the_norm=Normalize(vmin=vmin,vmax=vmax,clip=False)
    params=dict(projection='moll',lon_0= 0,resolution='c')
    m = Basemap(**params)
    x, y = m(*np.meshgrid(lons, lats))
    im=m.pcolormesh(x,y,vals,cmap=cmap,norm=the_norm,ax=ax)
    cb=m.colorbar(im,extend='both',location='bottom')
    m.drawcoastlines()
    m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90.,120.,30.))
    m.drawmeridians(np.arange(0.,420.,60.))
    ax.set_title(title)
    return fig,m,ax,vals,lons

 def transform(bm, args):
   from numpy import meshgrid, ndarray
   from mpl_toolkits.basemap import shiftgrid
   from warnings import warn
   # X, Y, U, V
   if len(args) == 4:
     X, Y, U, V = args
     U, newX = shiftgrid(180, U, X, start=False)
     V, newX = shiftgrid(180, V, X, start=False)
     #newX, Y = meshgrid(newX, Y)
     #UP, VP, XX, YY = bm.transform_vector(U, V, newX, Y, 31, 31, returnxy=True)
     UP, VP, XX, YY = bm.rotate_vector(U, V, newX, Y, returnxy=True)
     return XX, YY, UP, VP
   #TODO: finish the rest of the cases
   warn("Don't know what to do for the coordinate transformation")
   return args

 def __init__(self, filepath, varname):
     
     self.f = Dataset(filepath, 'r')
     self.varname = varname
     self.var_array = self.f.variables[varname][0,::-1, ::]
     self.lats = self.f.variables['latitude'][::-1]
     self.lons0 = self.f.variables['longitude'][:] 
     var_temp, self.lons_s = shiftgrid(180.,self.var_array,self.lons0,start=False)

def render_component_oneframe(gf, templ):
    
    with open(FILE_NAME_COMPS, 'r') as f:
        d = cPickle.load(f)
        
    mn = d['mean']
    Nc = mn.shape[1]
    
    mn_mask = (np.abs(mn) > 1.0 / mn.shape[0]**0.5)
    mn_thr = mn * mn_mask
    zero_mask = np.all(mn_mask == False, axis = 1) 
    cid = np.argmax(np.abs(mn) * mn_mask, axis = 1)[:, np.newaxis] + 1
    cid[zero_mask, :] = 0
    
    mnd = gf.reshape_flat_field(cid)
    
    # in case lats are not in ascending order, fix this
    lat_ndx = np.argsort(gf.lats)
    lats_s = gf.lats[lat_ndx]
    
    # shift the grid by 180 degs and remap lons to -180, 180
    Cout, lons_s = basemap.shiftgrid(180, mnd[0, :, :], gf.lons)
    lons_s -= 360
        
    fig = plt.figure()

    # construct the projection from the remapped data
    m = basemap.Basemap(projection='mill',
                llcrnrlat=lats_s[0], urcrnrlat=lats_s[-1],
                llcrnrlon=lons_s[0], urcrnrlon=lons_s[-1],
                resolution='c')
    
    m.drawcoastlines()
    m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90.,91.,30.), labels=[1,0,0,1])
    m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-120., 121.,60.), labels=[1,0,0,1])
   
    nx = int((m.xmax-m.xmin) / 20000) + 1
    ny = int((m.ymax-m.ymin) / 20000) + 1
    f = m.transform_scalar(Cout[lat_ndx, :], lons_s, lats_s, nx, ny, order = 0)
    
    plt.title('Components [%s]' % METHOD_NAME)
    imgplt = m.imshow(f, alpha = 0.8, cmap = plt.get_cmap('Paired'))
    
    fig.savefig('figs/%s_component_clusters.pdf' % templ, bbox_inches = 'tight', pad_inches = 0.5, transparent = True)
    
    print('Uncovered area: %d grid points' % (np.sum(cid==0)))
    
    
    c_size = np.zeros((Nc+1,))
    for i in range(Nc+1):
        c_size[i] = np.sum(cid == i)
        
    f = plt.figure()
    plt.title('Cluster sizes')
    plt.bar(np.arange(Nc) - 0.3 + 1, c_size[1:], 0.6)
    plt.xlabel('Cluster id')
    plt.ylabel('Grid points in cluster')
    f.savefig('figs/%s_cluster_sizes.pdf' % templ)

def normalize_lat_lon_values(lats, lons, values):
    ''' Normalize lat/lon values

    Ensure that lat/lon values are within [-180, 180)/[-90, 90) as well
    as sorted. If the values are off the grid they are shifted into the
    expected range.

    :param lats: A 1D numpy array of sorted lat values.
    :type lats: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
    :param lons: A 1D numpy array of sorted lon values.
    :type lons: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
    :param values: A 3D array of data values.

    :returns: A :func:`tuple` of the form (adjust_lats, adjusted_lons, adjusted_values)

    :raises ValueError: If the lat/lon values are not sorted.
    '''
    if lats.ndim ==1 and lons.ndim ==1:
        # Avoid unnecessary shifting if all lons are higher than 180
        if lons.min() > 180:
            lons-=360

    	# Make sure lats and lons are monotonically increasing
    	lats_decreasing = np.diff(lats) < 0
    	lons_decreasing = np.diff(lons) < 0

    	# If all values are decreasing then they just need to be reversed
    	lats_reversed, lons_reversed = lats_decreasing.all(), lons_decreasing.all()

    	# If the lat values are unsorted then raise an exception
    	if not lats_reversed and lats_decreasing.any():
            raise ValueError('Latitudes must be sorted.')

    	# Perform same checks now for lons
    	if not lons_reversed and lons_decreasing.any():
            raise ValueError('Longitudes must be sorted.')

    	# Also check if lons go from [0, 360), and convert to [-180, 180)
    	# if necessary
    	lons_shifted = lons.max() > 180
    	lats_out, lons_out, data_out = lats[:], lons[:], values[:]
    	# Now correct data if latlon grid needs to be shifted
    	if lats_reversed:
            lats_out = lats_out[::-1]
            data_out = data_out[..., ::-1, :]

    	if lons_reversed:
            lons_out = lons_out[::-1]
            data_out = data_out[..., ::-1]

    	if lons_shifted:
            data_out, lons_out = shiftgrid(180, data_out, lons_out, start=False)

        return lats_out, lons_out, data_out
    else:
        lons[lons > 180] = lons[lons > 180] - 360.

        return lats, lons, values

    def apply(self):
        from mpl_toolkits.basemap import shiftgrid, cm
        common.ShowQuestion
        display = self.VpyartDisplay.value
        if (isinstance(display, pyart.graph.RadarMapDisplay) or
            isinstance(display, pyart.graph.GridMapDisplay)):
            pass
        elif (isinstance(display, pyart.graph.RadarDisplay) or
              isinstance(display, pyart.graph.AirborneRadarDisplay)):
            common.ShowWarning(
                "Topography require a MapDisplay, be sure to "
                "check the 'use MapDisplay' box in the 'Display Options' Menu")
            return
        else:
            common.ShowWarning(
                "Need a pyart display instance, be sure to "
                "link this components (%s), to a radar or grid display" %
                self.name)
            return

        filename = str(self.lineEdit.text())
        if filename != self.current_open:
            if filename.startswith("http"):
                resp = common.ShowQuestion(
                    "Loading a file from the internet may take long." +
                    " Are you sure you want to continue?")
                if resp != QtWidgets.QMessageBox.Ok:
                    return
            self.etopodata = Dataset(filename)
            self.current_open = filename

        topoin = np.maximum(0, self.etopodata.variables['ROSE'][:])
        lons = self.etopodata.variables['ETOPO05_X'][:]
        lats = self.etopodata.variables['ETOPO05_Y'][:]
        # shift data so lons go from -180 to 180 instead of 20 to 380.
        topoin, lons = shiftgrid(180., topoin, lons, start=False)

        # plot topography/bathymetry as an image.

        # create the figure and axes instances.
        # setup of basemap ('lcc' = lambert conformal conic).
        # use major and minor sphere radii from WGS84 ellipsoid.
        m = self.VpyartDisplay.value.basemap
        # transform to nx x ny regularly spaced 5km native projection grid
        nx = int((m.xmax - m.xmin)/500.) + 1
        ny = int((m.ymax - m.ymin)/500.) + 1
        topodat = m.transform_scalar(topoin, lons, lats, nx, ny)
        # plot image over map with imshow.

        # draw coastlines and political boundaries.

        ls = LightSource(azdeg=90, altdeg=20)
        # convert data to rgb array including shading from light source.
        # (must specify color map)
        rgb = ls.shade(topodat, cm.GMT_relief)
        im = m.imshow(rgb)

        self.VpyartDisplay.update(strong=False)

def imshowmap(
    lat,
    lon,
    indata,
    ax=None,
    projection="cyl",
    mapbound="all",
    gridstep=(30, 30),
    shift=False,
    colorbar=True,
    colorbarlabel=None,
    *args,
    **kwargs
):
    """
    Purpose: plot a map on cyl projection.
    Arguments:
        ax --> An axes instance
        lat,lon --> geographic coordinate variables;
        mapbound --> tuple containing (lat1,lat2,lon1,lon2);
                lat1 --> lower parallel; lat2 --> upper parallel;
                lon1 --> left meridian; lon2 --> right meridian;
                default 'all' means plot the extent of input lat, lon
                coordinate variables;
        gridstep --> the step for parallel and meridian grid for the map,
            tuple containing (parallel_step, meridian_step).
        vmin,vmax --> as in plt.imshow function
        indata --> numpy array with dimension of len(lat)Xlen(lon)
        shift --> boolean value. False for longtitude data ranging [-180,180];
            for longtitude data ranging [0,360] set shift to True if
            a 180 east shift is desired.
    """
    print "Deprecate Warning! imshowmap replaced by mapimshow"
    # handle the case ax==None:
    if ax == None:
        fig, axt = g.Create_1Axes()
    else:
        axt = ax

    if shift == True:
        indata, lon = bmp.shiftgrid(180, indata, lon, start=False)

    # make the map and use mapbound to cut the data
    m, lonpro, latpro, latind, lonind = makemap(axt, projection, mapbound, lat, lon, gridstep)
    pdata = indata[latind[0] : latind[-1] + 1, lonind[0] : lonind[-1] + 1]

    cs = m.imshow(pdata, origin="upper", *args, **kwargs)
    if colorbar == True:
        cbar = m.colorbar(cs)
        if colorbarlabel != None:
            cbar.set_label(colorbarlabel)
    else:
        cbar = None
    return m, cs, cbar

 def load(self):
     c = client.open_url(self.url)
     lon = c.ugrdtrop.lon[:]
     #lon[lon > 180] -= 360  # Basemap runs from -180 to +180
     lat = c.ugrdtrop.lat[:]
     u_component = c.ugrdtrop.ugrdtrop[0][0]  # units m/s
     v_component = c.vgrdtrop.vgrdtrop[0][0]  # units m/s
     windspeed = 3.6 * np.sqrt(u_component**2, v_component**2)  # units km/h
     # Shift grid from 0 to 360 => -180 to 180
     windspeed, lon = basemap.shiftgrid(180, windspeed, lon, start=False)
     self.lon, self.lat, self.windspeed = lon, lat, windspeed

    def etopo5(self,file='data/etopo5.nc'):
        """ read in etopo5 topography/bathymetry. """

        etopodata = Dataset(file)
        
        self.topoin = etopodata.variables['bath'][:]
        self.elons = etopodata.variables['X'][:]
        self.elats = etopodata.variables['Y'][:]

        etopodata.close()
        
        self.topoin,self.elons = shiftgrid(0.,self.topoin,self.elons,start=False) # -360 -> 0

def hammer_plot(NetworkF,Theta,Phi,theta,phi):
        from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap, shiftgrid
        fig,ax = plt.subplots()
        RAD = 180/np.pi
        m = Basemap(projection='hammer',lon_0=0,resolution='c')
	Phi, NetworkF = shiftgrid(180,Phi,NetworkF)
        m.contourf(Phi*RAD, Theta*RAD, NetworkF, 100, cmap=plt.cm.jet,latlon=True)
        plt.plot(phi,theta,'go',markersize=5)
        plt.xlabel(r'$\phi$'' (radians)')
        plt.ylabel(r'$\theta$'' (radians)')
        plt.savefig('hammer.png')
        return plt.show()

def read_ncep2_mask(filepath):
    #READ IN NCEP 2 LAND MASK
    #SHIFT GRID FROM 0-360 to -180-180

    filepath_m = filepath+'/land_sfc_gauss.nc'
    f = Dataset(filepath_m, 'r')

    mask_array = f.variables['land'][0,::-1, ::][60:-1, :]
    lats = f.variables['lat'][::-1][60:-1]
    lons0 = f.variables['lon'][:] 
    mask_shift, lons_s = shiftgrid(180.,mask_array,lons0,start=False)
        
    return mask_shift

def shade_coord(xin,yin,datain=None,lon0=None):
	from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap, shiftgrid, addcyclic
	from mcmath import edges

	# invert lat coords if they are descending instead of ascending
	if yin[-1] < yin[0]:
		yin = yin[::-1]
		if datain is not None:
			ydimloc = np.where(yin.size == np.array(datain.shape))[0]
			if len(ydimloc) == 0:
				raise MCPlotError("no dimension in 'datain' matches length of 'yin'")
			y_ind = []
			for i in xrange(datain.ndim):
				y_ind.append(slice(None))
			y_ind[ydimloc[0]] = slice(None,None,-1)
			datain = datain[y_ind]
	yedg = edges(yin)
	
	# convert xin to -180:180 range; roll and addcyclic as needed to have lon0 as central lon
	xedg = edges(xin)
	xspan = xedg[-1] - xedg[0]
	if ((xspan < 365.) & (xspan > 355.)):
		xin = np.where(xin >= 180,xin-360,xin)
		roll_ind = np.where(xin < np.roll(xin,1))[0]
		if len(roll_ind) == 0:
			raise MCPlotError("can't find pivot between +180 and -180 in xin")
		xin = np.roll(xin,-roll_ind)
		if datain is not None:
			xdimloc = np.where(xin.size == np.array(datain.shape))[-1]
			if len(xdimloc) == 0:
				raise MCPlotError("no dimension in 'datain' matches length of 'xin'")
			datain = np.roll(datain,-roll_ind,axis=xdimloc)

			if (lon0 is not None):
				(datain,xin) = addcyclic(datain,xin)
				(datain,xin) = shiftgrid(lon0-180,datain,xin)

			xedg = edges(xin)

			## Fix for keeping the squares near the edges of global maps filled just to the edge (map boundary)
			if (lon0 is not None):
				if xedg[0] < (lon0-180):
					xedg[0] = lon0-180
				if xedg[-1] > (lon0+180):
					xedg[-1] = lon0+180

			return [xedg,yedg,datain,xin,yin]
		else:
			xedg = edges(xin)

	return [xedg,yedg,datain,xin,yin]

def etopo5_data():
    """ read in etopo5 topography/bathymetry. """
    file = 'data/etopo5.nc'
    etopodata = Dataset(file)
    
    topoin = etopodata.variables['bath'][:]
    lons = etopodata.variables['X'][:]
    lats = etopodata.variables['Y'][:]
    etopodata.close()
    
    topoin,lons = shiftgrid(0.,topoin,lons,start=False) # -360 -> 0
    
    #lons, lats = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
    
    return(topoin, lats, lons)

def etopo5_data(filein='/Users/bell/in_and_outbox/Ongoing_Analysis/MapGrids/etopo5.nc'):
    """ read in etopo5 topography/bathymetry. """

    etopodata = Dataset(filein)
    
    topoin = etopodata.variables['bath'][:]
    lons = etopodata.variables['X'][:]
    lats = etopodata.variables['Y'][:]
    etopodata.close()
    
    topoin,lons = shiftgrid(0.,topoin,lons,start=False) # -360 -> 0
    
    #lons, lats = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
    
    return(topoin, lats, lons)

def etopo5_data():
    """ read in etopo5 topography/bathymetry. """
    #file = '/Users/bell/Data_Local/MapGrids/etopo5.nc'
    ncdata = '/Users/bell/Programs/Python/AtSeaPrograms/data/etopo5.nc'
    etopodata = Dataset(ncdata)
    
    topoin = etopodata.variables['bath'][:]
    lons = etopodata.variables['X'][:]
    lats = etopodata.variables['Y'][:]
    etopodata.close()
    
    topoin,lons = shiftgrid(0.,topoin,lons,start=False) # -360 -> 0
    
    lons, lats = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
    
    return(topoin, lats, lons)