def _action_create_image(self, req, id, body):
        """Snapshot a server instance."""
        context = req.environ['nova.context']
        entity = body.get("createImage", {})

        image_name = entity.get("name")

        if not image_name:
            msg = _("createImage entity requires name attribute")
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        props = {}
        metadata = entity.get('metadata', {})
        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)
        try:
            props.update(metadata)
        except ValueError:
            msg = _("Invalid metadata")
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        bdms = objects.BlockDeviceMappingList.get_by_instance_uuid(
                    context, instance.uuid)

        try:
            if self.compute_api.is_volume_backed_instance(context, instance,
                                                          bdms):
                policy.enforce(context,
                        'compute:snapshot_volume_backed',
                        {'project_id': context.project_id,
                        'user_id': context.user_id})
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot_volume_backed(
                                                       context,
                                                       instance,
                                                       image_name,
                                                       extra_properties=props)
            else:
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot(context,
                                                  instance,
                                                  image_name,
                                                  extra_properties=props)
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,
                        'createImage', id)
        except exception.Invalid as err:
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        # build location of newly-created image entity
        image_id = str(image['id'])
        url_prefix = self._view_builder._update_glance_link_prefix(
                req.application_url)
        image_ref = os.path.join(url_prefix,
                                 context.project_id,
                                 'images',
                                 image_id)

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)
        resp.headers['Location'] = image_ref
        return resp

    def update(self, req, id):
        """update the image by id with properties in req """
        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        using_check = self._image_is_using(req, context, id)

        image = {}
        try:
            image = self._image_service.show(context, id)
        except exception.NotFound:
            msg = _("Image not found.")
            raise webob.exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=msg)

        try:
            meta = image["properties"]
        except KeyError:
            expl = _('no properties found for image')
            raise webob.exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=expl)

        if 'image_type' in meta and meta['image_type'] == 'snapshot':
            raise webob.exc.HTTPForbidden(
                            explanation="Cannot update a snapshot image")

        for key, value in meta.iteritems():
            image['properties'][key] = value

        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context,
                                                   image['properties'])
        self._image_service.update(context, id, image, None,
                features={"x-glance-image-update-using-check": using_check})
        return dict(metadata=image['properties'])

    def _action_create_image(self, req, id, body):
        """Snapshot a server instance."""
        context = req.environ["nova.context"]
        authorize(context, action="create_image")

        entity = body["createImage"]
        image_name = entity["name"]
        metadata = entity.get("metadata", {})

        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        bdms = objects.BlockDeviceMappingList.get_by_instance_uuid(context, instance.uuid)

        try:
            if self.compute_api.is_volume_backed_instance(context, instance, bdms):
                authorize(context, action="create_image:allow_volume_backed")
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot_volume_backed(
                    context, instance, image_name, extra_properties=metadata
                )
            else:
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot(context, instance, image_name, extra_properties=metadata)
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error, "createImage", id)
        except exception.Invalid as err:
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        # build location of newly-created image entity
        image_id = str(image["id"])
        image_ref = glance.generate_image_url(image_id)

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)
        resp.headers["Location"] = image_ref
        return resp

    def test_create_backup_with_metadata(self):
        metadata = {'123': 'asdf'}
        body = {
            'createBackup': {
                'name': 'Backup 1',
                'backup_type': 'daily',
                'rotation': 1,
                'metadata': metadata,
            },
        }

        image = dict(id='fake-image-id', status='ACTIVE', name='Backup 1',
                     properties=metadata)

        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(self.context, metadata)
        instance = self._stub_instance_get()
        self.compute_api.backup(self.context, instance, 'Backup 1',
                                'daily', 1,
                                extra_properties=metadata).AndReturn(image)

        self.mox.ReplayAll()

        res = self._make_request(self._make_url(instance['uuid']), body)
        self.assertEqual(202, res.status_int)
        self.assertIn('fake-image-id', res.headers['Location'])

    def update(self, req, image_id, id, body):
        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        try:
            meta = body['meta']
        except KeyError:
            expl = _('Incorrect request body format')
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

        if id not in meta:
            expl = _('Request body and URI mismatch')
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)
        if len(meta) > 1:
            expl = _('Request body contains too many items')
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

        image = self._get_image(context, image_id)
        image['properties'][id] = meta[id]
        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context,
                                                   image['properties'])
        try:
            self.image_service.update(context, image_id, image, None)
        except exception.ImageNotAuthorized as e:
            raise exc.HTTPForbidden(explanation=str(e))
        return dict(meta=meta)

 def update_all(self, req, image_id, body):
     context = req.environ['nova.context']
     image = self._get_image(context, image_id)
     metadata = body.get('metadata', {})
     common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)
     image['properties'] = metadata
     self.image_service.update(context, image_id, image, None)
     return dict(metadata=metadata)

 def create(self, req, image_id, body):
     context = req.environ["nova.context"]
     image = self._get_image(context, image_id)
     if "metadata" in body:
         for key, value in body["metadata"].iteritems():
             image["properties"][key] = value
     common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, image["properties"])
     image = self.image_service.update(context, image_id, image, None)
     return dict(metadata=image["properties"])

    def _create_backup(self, req, id, body):
        """Backup a server instance.

        Images now have an `image_type` associated with them, which can be
        'snapshot' or the backup type, like 'daily' or 'weekly'.

        If the image_type is backup-like, then the rotation factor can be
        included and that will cause the oldest backups that exceed the
        rotation factor to be deleted.

        """
        context = req.environ["nova.context"]
        context.can(cb_policies.BASE_POLICY_NAME)
        entity = body["createBackup"]

        image_name = common.normalize_name(entity["name"])
        backup_type = entity["backup_type"]
        rotation = int(entity["rotation"])

        props = {}
        metadata = entity.get('metadata', {})
        # Starting from microversion 2.39 we don't check quotas on createBackup
        if api_version_request.is_supported(
                req, max_version=
                api_version_request.MAX_IMAGE_META_PROXY_API_VERSION):
            common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)
        props.update(metadata)

        instance = common.get_instance(self.compute_api, context, id)

        try:
            image = self.compute_api.backup(context, instance, image_name,
                    backup_type, rotation, extra_properties=props)
        except exception.InstanceUnknownCell as e:
            raise webob.exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=e.format_message())
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,
                    'createBackup', id)
        except exception.InvalidRequest as e:
            raise webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=e.format_message())

        # Starting with microversion 2.45 we return a response body containing
        # the snapshot image id without the Location header.
        if api_version_request.is_supported(req, '2.45'):
            return {'image_id': image['id']}

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)

        # build location of newly-created image entity if rotation is not zero
        if rotation > 0:
            image_id = str(image['id'])
            image_ref = common.url_join(req.application_url, 'images',
                                        image_id)
            resp.headers['Location'] = image_ref

        return resp

    def _action_create_image(self, req, id, body):
        """Snapshot a server instance."""
        context = req.environ['nova.context']
        entity = body.get("createImage", {})

        image_name = entity.get("name")

        if not image_name:
            msg = _("createImage entity requires name attribute")
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        props = {}
        metadata = entity.get('metadata', {})
        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)
        try:
            props.update(metadata)
        except ValueError:
            msg = _("Invalid metadata")
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        bdms = self.compute_api.get_instance_bdms(context, instance)

        try:
            if self.compute_api.is_volume_backed_instance(context, instance,
                                                          bdms):
                img = instance['image_ref']
                src_image = self.compute_api.image_service.show(context, img)
                image_meta = dict(src_image)

                image = self.compute_api.snapshot_volume_backed(
                                                       context,
                                                       instance,
                                                       image_meta,
                                                       image_name,
                                                       extra_properties=props)
            else:
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot(context,
                                                  instance,
                                                  image_name,
                                                  extra_properties=props)
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,
                        'createImage')

        # build location of newly-created image entity
        image_id = str(image['id'])
        image_ref = os.path.join(req.application_url,
                                 context.project_id,
                                 'images',
                                 image_id)

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)
        resp.headers['Location'] = image_ref
        return resp

 def create(self, req, image_id, body):
     context = req.environ['nova.context']
     image = self._get_image(context, image_id)
     if 'metadata' in body:
         for key, value in body['metadata'].iteritems():
             image['properties'][key] = value
     common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context,
                                                image['properties'])
     self.image_service.update(context, image_id, image, None)
     return dict(metadata=image['properties'])

 def update_all(self, req, image_id, body):
     context = req.environ['nova.context']
     image = self._get_image(context, image_id)
     metadata = body.get('metadata', {})
     common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)
     image['properties'] = metadata
     try:
         self.image_service.update(context, image_id, image, None)
     except exception.ImageNotAuthorized as e:
         raise exc.HTTPForbidden(explanation=e.format_message())
     return dict(metadata=metadata)

 def test_create_backup_with_non_existed_instance(self):
     body_map = {
         'createBackup': {
             'name': 'Backup 1',
             'backup_type': 'daily',
             'rotation': 1,
         },
     }
     common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(self.context, {})
     self._test_non_existing_instance('createBackup',
                                      body_map=body_map)

    def _action_create_image(self, req, id, body):
        """Snapshot a server instance."""
        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        entity = body["createImage"]
        image_name = entity["name"]
        metadata = entity.get('metadata', {})

        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        bdms = objects.BlockDeviceMappingList.get_by_instance_uuid(
                    context, instance.uuid)

        try:
            if self.compute_api.is_volume_backed_instance(context, instance,
                                                          bdms):
                img = instance['image_ref']
                if not img:
                    properties = bdms.root_metadata(
                            context, self.compute_api.image_api,
                            self.compute_api.volume_api)
                    image_meta = {'properties': properties}
                else:
                    image_meta = self.compute_api.image_api.get(context, img)

                image = self.compute_api.snapshot_volume_backed(
                                                       context,
                                                       instance,
                                                       image_meta,
                                                       image_name,
                                                       extra_properties=
                                                       metadata)
            else:
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot(context,
                                                  instance,
                                                  image_name,
                                                  extra_properties=metadata)
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,
                        'createImage', id)
        except exception.Invalid as err:
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        # build location of newly-created image entity
        image_id = str(image['id'])
        image_ref = glance.generate_image_url(image_id)

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)
        resp.headers['Location'] = image_ref
        return resp

 def create(self, req, image_id, body):
     context = req.environ['nova.context']
     image = self._get_image(context, image_id)
     for key, value in six.iteritems(body['metadata']):
         image['properties'][key] = value
     common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context,
                                                image['properties'])
     try:
         image = self.image_api.update(context, image_id, image, data=None,
                                       purge_props=True)
     except exception.ImageNotAuthorized as e:
         raise exc.HTTPForbidden(explanation=e.format_message())
     return dict(metadata=image['properties'])

    def test_check_img_metadata_properties_quota_valid_metadata(self):
        ctxt = utils.get_test_admin_context()
        metadata1 = {"key": "value"}
        actual = common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(ctxt, metadata1)
        self.assertEqual(actual, None)

        metadata2 = {"key": "v" * 260}
        actual = common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(ctxt, metadata2)
        self.assertEqual(actual, None)

        metadata3 = {"key": ""}
        actual = common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(ctxt, metadata3)
        self.assertEqual(actual, None)

    def _action_create_image(self, req, id, body):
        """Snapshot a server instance."""
        context = req.environ["nova.context"]
        entity = body.get("create_image", {})

        image_name = entity.get("name")

        if not image_name:
            msg = _("create_image entity requires name attribute")
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        props = {}
        metadata = entity.get("metadata", {})
        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)
        try:
            props.update(metadata)
        except ValueError:
            msg = _("Invalid metadata")
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        bdms = objects.BlockDeviceMappingList.get_by_instance_uuid(context, instance.uuid)

        try:
            if self.compute_api.is_volume_backed_instance(context, instance, bdms):
                img = instance["image_ref"]
                if not img:
                    properties = bdms.root_metadata(context, self.compute_api.image_api, self.compute_api.volume_api)
                    image_meta = {"properties": properties}
                else:
                    image_meta = self.compute_api.image_api.get(context, img)

                image = self.compute_api.snapshot_volume_backed(
                    context, instance, image_meta, image_name, extra_properties=props
                )
            else:
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot(context, instance, image_name, extra_properties=props)
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error, "create_image")
        except exception.Invalid as err:
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        # build location of newly-created image entity
        image_id = str(image["id"])
        image_ref = glance.generate_image_url(image_id)

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)
        resp.headers["Location"] = image_ref
        return resp

    def test_create_backup_rotation_is_positive(self):
        # The happy path for creating backups if rotation is positive.
        body = {"createBackup": {"name": "Backup 1", "backup_type": "daily", "rotation": 1}}

        image = dict(id="fake-image-id", status="ACTIVE", name="Backup 1", properties={})
        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(self.context, {})
        instance = self._stub_instance_get()
        self.compute_api.backup(self.context, instance, "Backup 1", "daily", 1, extra_properties={}).AndReturn(image)

        self.mox.ReplayAll()

        res = self._make_request(self._make_url(instance["uuid"]), body)
        self.assertEqual(202, res.status_int)
        self.assertIn("fake-image-id", res.headers["Location"])

    def test_check_img_metadata_properties_quota_inv_metadata(self):
        ctxt = utils.get_test_admin_context()
        metadata1 = {"a" * 260: "value"}
        self.assertRaises(webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest, common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota, ctxt, metadata1)

        metadata2 = {"": "value"}
        self.assertRaises(webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest, common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota, ctxt, metadata2)

        metadata3 = "invalid metadata"
        self.assertRaises(webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest, common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota, ctxt, metadata3)

        metadata4 = None
        self.assertIsNone(common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(ctxt, metadata4))
        metadata5 = {}
        self.assertIsNone(common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(ctxt, metadata5))

    def _action_create_image(self, req, id, body):
        """Snapshot a server instance."""
        context = req.environ['nova.context']
        context.can(server_policies.SERVERS % 'create_image')

        entity = body["createImage"]
        image_name = common.normalize_name(entity["name"])
        metadata = entity.get('metadata', {})

        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        bdms = objects.BlockDeviceMappingList.get_by_instance_uuid(
                    context, instance.uuid)

        try:
            if compute_utils.is_volume_backed_instance(context, instance,
                                                          bdms):
                context.can(server_policies.SERVERS %
                    'create_image:allow_volume_backed')
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot_volume_backed(
                                                       context,
                                                       instance,
                                                       image_name,
                                                       extra_properties=
                                                       metadata)
            else:
                image = self.compute_api.snapshot(context,
                                                  instance,
                                                  image_name,
                                                  extra_properties=metadata)
        except exception.InstanceUnknownCell as e:
            raise exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=e.format_message())
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,
                        'createImage', id)
        except exception.Invalid as err:
            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        # build location of newly-created image entity
        image_id = str(image['id'])
        image_ref = glance.generate_image_url(image_id)

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)
        resp.headers['Location'] = image_ref
        return resp

    def _create_backup(self, req, id, body):
        """Backup a server instance.

        Images now have an `image_type` associated with them, which can be
        'snapshot' or the backup type, like 'daily' or 'weekly'.

        If the image_type is backup-like, then the rotation factor can be
        included and that will cause the oldest backups that exceed the
        rotation factor to be deleted.

        """
        context = req.environ["nova.context"]
        authorize(context)
        entity = body["createBackup"]

        image_name = common.normalize_name(entity["name"])
        backup_type = entity["backup_type"]
        rotation = int(entity["rotation"])

        props = {}
        metadata = entity.get('metadata', {})
        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)
        props.update(metadata)

        instance = common.get_instance(self.compute_api, context, id)

        try:
            image = self.compute_api.backup(context, instance, image_name,
                    backup_type, rotation, extra_properties=props)
        except exception.InstanceUnknownCell as e:
            raise webob.exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=e.format_message())
        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:
            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,
                    'createBackup', id)
        except exception.InvalidRequest as e:
            raise webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=e.format_message())

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)

        # build location of newly-created image entity if rotation is not zero
        if rotation > 0:
            image_id = str(image['id'])
            image_ref = common.url_join(req.application_url, 'images',
                                        image_id)
            resp.headers['Location'] = image_ref

        return resp