def getcompiled(self, func):
        t = TranslationContext() 
        # builds starting-types from func_defs 
        argstypelist = []
        if func.func_defaults:
            for spec in func.func_defaults:
                if isinstance(spec, tuple):
                    spec = spec[0] # use the first type only for the tests
                argstypelist.append(spec)
        t.buildannotator().build_types(func, argstypelist) 
        name = func.func_name

        blobs = []
        for graph in t.graphs:
            g = GenPyrex(graph)
            g.by_the_way_the_function_was = graph.func   # XXX
            g.setannotator(t.annotator)
            blobs.append(g.emitcode())
        code = g.globaldeclarations()  # any 'g' is fine here...
        if code:
            blobs.insert(0, code)
        pyxcode = '\n\n#_________________\n\n'.join(blobs)

        mod = make_module_from_pyxstring(name, udir, pyxcode)
        return getattr(mod, name)

def test_pseudohighlevelcallable():
    t = TranslationContext()
    t.buildannotator()
    rtyper = t.buildrtyper()
    rtyper.specialize()
    a = MixLevelHelperAnnotator(rtyper)

    class A:
        value = 5
        def double(self):
            return self.value * 2

    def fn1(a):
        a2 = A()
        a2.value = a.double()
        return a2

    s_A, r_A = a.s_r_instanceof(A)
    fn1ptr = a.delayedfunction(fn1, [s_A], s_A)
    pseudo = PseudoHighLevelCallable(fn1ptr, [s_A], s_A)

    def fn2(n):
        a = A()
        a.value = n
        a2 = pseudo(a)
        return a2.value

    graph = a.getgraph(fn2, [annmodel.SomeInteger()], annmodel.SomeInteger())
    a.finish()

    llinterp = LLInterpreter(rtyper)
    res = llinterp.eval_graph(graph, [21])
    assert res == 42

 def test_annotate_byval(self):
     t = TranslationContext()
     a = t.buildannotator()
     s = a.build_types(test_testfunc_byval, [])
     if conftest.option.view:
         t.view()
     assert s.knowntype == int

    def test_dont_remove_with__del__(self):
        import os
        delcalls = [0]
        class A(object):
            nextid = 0
            def __init__(self):
                self.id = self.nextid
                self.nextid += 1

            def __del__(self):
                delcalls[0] += 1
                os.write(1, "__del__\n")

        def f(x=int):
            a = A()
            i = 0
            while i < x:
                a = A()
                os.write(1, str(delcalls[0]) + "\n")
                i += 1
            return 1
        t = TranslationContext()
        t.buildannotator().build_types(f, [int])
        t.buildrtyper().specialize()
        graph = graphof(t, f)
        backend_optimizations(t)
        op = graph.startblock.exits[0].target.exits[1].target.operations[0]
        assert op.opname == "malloc"

def test_replace_exitswitch_by_constant_bug():
    class X:
        pass
    def constant9():
        x = X()
        x.n = 3
        x.n = 9
        return x.n
    def fn():
        n = constant9()
        if n == 1: return 5
        elif n == 2: return 6
        elif n == 3: return 8
        elif n == 4: return -123
        elif n == 5: return 12973
        else: return n
    
    t = TranslationContext()
    a = t.buildannotator()
    a.build_types(fn, [])
    rtyper = t.buildrtyper()
    rtyper.specialize()
    graph = t.graphs[0]
    remove_same_as(graph)
    merge_if_blocks_once(graph)
    from pypy.translator.backendopt import malloc, inline
    inline.auto_inlining(t, 20)
    malloc.remove_mallocs(t, t.graphs)
    from pypy.translator import simplify
    simplify.join_blocks(graph)

def makegraph(func, argtypes):
    t = TranslationContext()
    t.buildannotator().build_types(func, [int])
    t.buildrtyper().specialize()
    bk = t.annotator.bookkeeper
    graph = bk.getdesc(func).getuniquegraph()
    return t, graph

def hannotate(func, argtypes, policy=P_DEFAULT, annotator=False, inline=None,
              backendoptimize=False):
    # build the normal ll graphs for ll_function
    t = TranslationContext()
    a = t.buildannotator()
    a.build_types(func, argtypes)
    rtyper = t.buildrtyper()
    rtyper.specialize()
    if inline:
        auto_inlining(t, threshold=inline)
    if backendoptimize:
        from pypy.translator.backendopt.all import backend_optimizations
        backend_optimizations(t)
    graph1 = graphof(t, func)

    # build hint annotator types
    hannotator = HintAnnotator(base_translator=t, policy=policy)
    hs = hannotator.build_types(graph1, [SomeLLAbstractConstant(v.concretetype,
                                                                {OriginFlags(): True})
                                         for v in graph1.getargs()])
    hannotator.simplify()
    t = hannotator.translator
    if conftest.option.view:
        t.view()
    if annotator:
        return hs, hannotator
    else:
        return hs

    def rtype(self, fn, argtypes, resulttype, checkfunction=None):
        t = TranslationContext()
        a = t.buildannotator()
        a.build_types(prefn, [int])
        typer = t.buildrtyper()
        typer.specialize()
        #t.view()

        s_result = a.typeannotation(resulttype)

        from pypy.rpython import annlowlevel
        # annotate, normalize and rtype fn after the fact
        annhelper = annlowlevel.MixLevelHelperAnnotator(typer)               
        graph = annhelper.getgraph(fn, [a.typeannotation(argtype) for argtype in argtypes],
                                   s_result)
        annhelper.finish()
        t.checkgraphs()

        if checkfunction is not None:
            checkfunction(t)

        # sanity check prefn
        llinterp = LLInterpreter(typer)
        res = llinterp.eval_graph(graphof(t, prefn), [1])
        assert res == 100
        res = llinterp.eval_graph(graphof(t, prefn), [2])
        assert res == 201
        
        return t

    def test_counters(self):
        from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
        from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
        def entry_point(argv):
            llop.instrument_count(lltype.Void, 'test', 2)
            llop.instrument_count(lltype.Void, 'test', 1)
            llop.instrument_count(lltype.Void, 'test', 1)
            llop.instrument_count(lltype.Void, 'test', 2)
            llop.instrument_count(lltype.Void, 'test', 1)        
            return 0
        t = TranslationContext(self.config)
        t.config.translation.instrument = True
        t.buildannotator().build_types(entry_point, [s_list_of_strings])
        t.buildrtyper().specialize()

        cbuilder = CStandaloneBuilder(t, entry_point, config=t.config) # xxx
        cbuilder.generate_source()
        cbuilder.compile()

        counters_fname = udir.join("_counters_")
        os.putenv('_INSTRUMENT_COUNTERS', str(counters_fname))
        try:
            data = cbuilder.cmdexec()
        finally:
            os.unsetenv('_INSTRUMENT_COUNTERS')

        f = counters_fname.open('rb')
        counters_data = f.read()
        f.close()

        import struct
        counters = struct.unpack("LLL", counters_data)

        assert counters == (0,3,2)

def translate(func, argtypes, backend_optimize=True):
    t = TranslationContext()
    t.buildannotator().build_types(func, argtypes)
    t.buildrtyper().specialize()
    if backend_optimize:
        backend_optimizations(t)
    return graphof(t, func), t

def compile(f, gc, enable_opts='', **kwds):
    from pypy.annotation.listdef import s_list_of_strings
    from pypy.translator.translator import TranslationContext
    from pypy.jit.metainterp.warmspot import apply_jit
    from pypy.translator.c import genc
    #
    t = TranslationContext()
    t.config.translation.gc = gc
    if gc != 'boehm':
        t.config.translation.gcremovetypeptr = True
    for name, value in kwds.items():
        setattr(t.config.translation, name, value)
    ann = t.buildannotator(policy=annpolicy.StrictAnnotatorPolicy())
    ann.build_types(f, [s_list_of_strings], main_entry_point=True)
    t.buildrtyper().specialize()

    if kwds['jit']:
        patch = get_functions_to_patch()
        old_value = {}
        try:
            for (obj, attr), value in patch.items():
                old_value[obj, attr] = getattr(obj, attr)
                setattr(obj, attr, value)
            #
            apply_jit(t, enable_opts=enable_opts)
            #
        finally:
            for (obj, attr), oldvalue in old_value.items():
                setattr(obj, attr, oldvalue)

    cbuilder = genc.CStandaloneBuilder(t, f, t.config)
    cbuilder.generate_source(defines=cbuilder.DEBUG_DEFINES)
    cbuilder.compile()
    return cbuilder

    def wrap_stackless_function(self, fn):
        def entry_point(argv):
            os.write(1, str(fn())+"\n")
            return 0

        from pypy.config.pypyoption import get_pypy_config
        config = get_pypy_config(translating=True)
        config.translation.gc = self.gcpolicy
        config.translation.stackless = True
        if self.stacklessgc:
            config.translation.gcrootfinder = "stackless"
        t = TranslationContext(config=config)
        self.t = t
        t.buildannotator().build_types(entry_point, [s_list_of_strings])
        t.buildrtyper().specialize()
        if self.backendopt:
            backend_optimizations(t)

        from pypy.translator.transform import insert_ll_stackcheck
        insert_ll_stackcheck(t)

        cbuilder = CStandaloneBuilder(t, entry_point, config=config)
        cbuilder.stackless = True
        cbuilder.generate_source()
        cbuilder.compile()
        res = cbuilder.cmdexec('')
        return int(res.strip())

def test_lookup_graphs_abstract():
    from pypy.translator.translator import TranslationContext, graphof
    class A:
        pass
    class B(A):
        def foo(self):
            pass
    class C(A):
        def foo(self):
            pass

    def fn(flag):
        obj = flag and B() or C()
        obj.foo()
        return obj

    t = TranslationContext()
    t.buildannotator().build_types(fn, [int])
    t.buildrtyper(type_system='ootype').specialize()
    graph = graphof(t, fn)
    TYPE_A = graph.getreturnvar().concretetype
    TYPE_B = TYPE_A._subclasses[0]
    TYPE_C = TYPE_A._subclasses[1]
    assert len(TYPE_A._lookup_graphs('ofoo')) == 2
    assert len(TYPE_B._lookup_graphs('ofoo')) == 1
    assert len(TYPE_C._lookup_graphs('ofoo')) == 1

def test_merge_several():
    def merge(n, m):
        r = -1
        if n == 0:
            if m == 0:
                r = 0
            elif m == 1:
                r = 1
            else:
                r = 2
        elif n == 1:
            r = 4
        else:
            r = 6
        return r
    t = TranslationContext()
    a = t.buildannotator()
    a.build_types(merge, [int, int])
    rtyper = t.buildrtyper()
    rtyper.specialize()
    graph = tgraphof(t, merge)
    remove_same_as(graph)
    merge_if_blocks(graph)
    assert len(graph.startblock.exits) == 3
    assert len(list(graph.iterblocks())) == 3
    interp = LLInterpreter(rtyper)
    for m in range(3):
        res = interp.eval_graph(graph, [0, m])
        assert res == m
    res = interp.eval_graph(graph, [1, 0])
    assert res == 4
    res = interp.eval_graph(graph, [2, 0])
    assert res == 6

def test_wrong_startblock_incref():
    class B(object):
        pass
    def g(b):
        while True:
            b.x -= 10
            if b.x < 0:
                return b.x
    def f(n):
        b = B()
        b.x = n
        return g(b)

    # XXX obscure: remove the first empty block in the graph of 'g'
    t = TranslationContext()
    graph = t.buildflowgraph(g)
    assert graph.startblock.operations == []
    graph.startblock = graph.startblock.exits[0].target
    from pypy.objspace.flow.model import checkgraph
    checkgraph(graph)
    t._prebuilt_graphs[g] = graph

    fn = compile_func(f, [int], t)
    res = fn(112)
    assert res == -8

def test_del_basic():
    for gcpolicy in ["ref"]: #, "framework"]:
        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed), rtti=True)
        TRASH = lltype.GcStruct('TRASH', ('x', lltype.Signed))
        GLOBAL = lltype.Struct('GLOBAL', ('x', lltype.Signed))
        glob = lltype.malloc(GLOBAL, immortal=True)
        def destructor(s):
            glob.x = s.x + 1
        def type_info_S(s):
            return lltype.getRuntimeTypeInfo(S)

        def g(n):
            s = lltype.malloc(S)
            s.x = n
            # now 's' should go away
        def entrypoint(n):
            g(n)
            # llop.gc__collect(lltype.Void)
            return glob.x

        t = TranslationContext()
        t.buildannotator().build_types(entrypoint, [int])
        rtyper = t.buildrtyper()
        destrptr = rtyper.annotate_helper_fn(destructor, [lltype.Ptr(S)])
        rtyper.attachRuntimeTypeInfoFunc(S, type_info_S, destrptr=destrptr)
        rtyper.specialize()
        fn = compile_func(entrypoint, None, t, gcpolicy=gcpolicy)

        res = fn(123)
        assert res == 124

    def test_type_erase_var_size(self):
        class A(object):
            pass

        class B(object):
            pass

        def f():
            la = [A()]
            lb = [B()]
            la.append(None)
            lb.append(None)
            return la, lb

        t = TranslationContext()
        s = t.buildannotator().build_types(f, [])
        rtyper = t.buildrtyper(type_system=self.type_system)
        rtyper.specialize()

        s_A_list = s.items[0]
        s_B_list = s.items[1]

        r_A_list = rtyper.getrepr(s_A_list)
        assert isinstance(r_A_list, self.rlist.ListRepr)
        r_B_list = rtyper.getrepr(s_B_list)
        assert isinstance(r_B_list, self.rlist.ListRepr)

        assert r_A_list.lowleveltype == r_B_list.lowleveltype

def test_runtime_type_info():
    S = GcStruct('s', ('is_actually_s1', Bool), rtti=True)
    S1 = GcStruct('s1', ('sub', S), rtti=True)
    def rtti_S(p):
        if p.is_actually_s1:
            return getRuntimeTypeInfo(S1)
        else:
            return getRuntimeTypeInfo(S)
    def rtti_S1(p):
        return getRuntimeTypeInfo(S1)
    def does_stuff():
        p = malloc(S)
        p.is_actually_s1 = False
        p1 = malloc(S1)
        p1.sub.is_actually_s1 = True
        # and no crash when p and p1 are decref'ed
        return None
    t = TranslationContext()
    t.buildannotator().build_types(does_stuff, [])
    rtyper = t.buildrtyper()
    rtyper.attachRuntimeTypeInfoFunc(S,  rtti_S)
    rtyper.attachRuntimeTypeInfoFunc(S1, rtti_S1)
    rtyper.specialize()
    #t.view()

    from pypy.translator.c import genc
    t.config.translation.countmallocs = True
    builder = genc.CExtModuleBuilder(t, does_stuff, config=t.config)
    builder.generate_source()
    builder.compile()
    f1 = builder.get_entry_point()
    f1()
    mallocs, frees = builder.get_malloc_counters()()
    assert mallocs == frees

    def test_annotate_int2addr(self):
        def fn():
            return c_void_p(123)

        t = TranslationContext()
        a = t.buildannotator()
        s = a.build_types(fn, [])
        assert s.knowntype == c_void_p

    def compile(self, entry_point):
        t = TranslationContext(self.config)
        t.buildannotator().build_types(entry_point, [s_list_of_strings])
        t.buildrtyper(type_system='ootype').specialize()

        cbuilder = CliStandaloneBuilder(t, entry_point, t.config)
        cbuilder.compile()
        return t, cbuilder