def _create_buttons(self):
     frame = Frame(self)
     self._create_button(frame, self._left_button,
                         self._left_button_clicked)
     self._create_button(frame, self._right_button,
                         self._right_button_clicked)
     frame.pack()

 def _create_body(self, message, value, **extra):
     frame = Frame(self)
     Label(frame, text=message, anchor=W, justify=LEFT, wraplength=800).pack(fill=BOTH)
     selector = self._create_selector(frame, value, **extra)
     if selector:
         selector.pack(fill=BOTH)
         selector.focus_set()
     frame.pack(padx=5, pady=5, expand=1, fill=BOTH)

 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
     Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
     self.__label = Label(self)
     self.__label.pack(side=LEFT)
     self.__entry = Entry(self)
     self.__entry.pack(fill=X, expand=YES)
     self.__checker_function = None
     self.__image = None

 def _init_paging(self, parent):
     innerframe = Frame(parent, background=self._BACKGROUND_COLOUR)
     self.prev = prev = Button(innerframe, text='Previous', command=self.previous, width='10', borderwidth=1, highlightthickness=1, state='disabled')
     prev.pack(side='left', anchor='center')
     self.next = next = Button(innerframe, text='Next', command=self.__next__, width='10', borderwidth=1, highlightthickness=1, state='disabled')
     next.pack(side='right', anchor='center')
     innerframe.pack(side='top', fill='y')
     self.current_page = 0

 def _make_buttons(self):
     '''Create action buttons at the bottom.'''
 
     button_row = self.my_grid.size + self.Y_PADDING + (self.BUTTON_PANEL_HEIGHT - 2 * self.BUTTON_PADDING)
     button_frame = Frame(self)
     button_frame.place(x=self.my_grid.size - self.X_PADDING, y=button_row)
     
     self.play_game_button = Button(button_frame, text="Play")
     self.play_game_button.pack(side=LEFT, padx=self.BUTTON_PADDING, pady=self.BUTTON_PADDING)

 def __init__(self, master):
     '''Create the UI for a game of battleship.'''
 
     Frame.__init__(self, master)
     
     self._create_ui()
     
     # these are 'controller' elements that should really be in another class
     self.ai = ShipAI(self.their_grid._model, self.my_grid._model)
     self.reset()

    def _init_corpus_select(self, parent):
        innerframe = Frame(parent, background=self._BACKGROUND_COLOUR)
        self.var = StringVar(innerframe)
        self.var.set(self.model.DEFAULT_CORPUS)
        Label(innerframe, justify=LEFT, text=' Corpus: ', background=self._BACKGROUND_COLOUR, padx = 2, pady = 1, border = 0).pack(side='left')

        other_corpora = list(self.model.CORPORA.keys()).remove(self.model.DEFAULT_CORPUS)
        om = OptionMenu(innerframe, self.var, self.model.DEFAULT_CORPUS, command=self.corpus_selected, *self.model.non_default_corpora())
        om['borderwidth'] = 0
        om['highlightthickness'] = 1
        om.pack(side='left')
        innerframe.pack(side='top', fill='x', anchor='n')

 def _init_feedback(self, parent):
     self._feedbackframe = feedbackframe = Frame(parent)
     feedbackframe.pack(fill='x', side='bottom', padx=3, pady=3)
     self._lastoper_label = Label(feedbackframe, text='Last Operation:',
                                  font=self._font)
     self._lastoper_label.pack(side='left')
     lastoperframe = Frame(feedbackframe, relief='sunken', border=1)
     lastoperframe.pack(fill='x', side='right', expand=1, padx=5)
     self._lastoper1 = Label(lastoperframe, foreground='#007070',
                             background='#f0f0f0', font=self._font)
     self._lastoper2 = Label(lastoperframe, anchor='w', width=30,
                             foreground='#004040', background='#f0f0f0',
                             font=self._font)
     self._lastoper1.pack(side='left')
     self._lastoper2.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=1)

 def __init__(self, image, initialField, initialText):
     frm = Frame(root)
     frm.config(background="white")
     self.image = PhotoImage(format='gif',data=images[image.upper()])
     self.imageDimmed = PhotoImage(format='gif',data=images[image])
     self.img = Label(frm)
     self.img.config(borderwidth=0)
     self.img.pack(side = "left")
     self.fld = Text(frm, **fieldParams)
     self.initScrollText(frm,self.fld,initialField)
     frm = Frame(root)
     self.txt = Text(frm, **textParams)
     self.initScrollText(frm,self.txt,initialText)
     for i in range(2):
         self.txt.tag_config(colors[i], background = colors[i])
         self.txt.tag_config("emph"+colors[i], foreground = emphColors[i])

 def _init_widgets(self, parent):
     self.main_frame = Frame(parent, dict(background=self._BACKGROUND_COLOUR, padx=1, pady=1, border=1))
     self._init_corpus_select(self.main_frame)
     self._init_results_box(self.main_frame)
     self._init_paging(self.main_frame)
     self._init_status(self.main_frame)
     self.main_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True)

    def configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
        """
        Configure this widget.  Use ``label_*`` to configure all
        labels; and ``listbox_*`` to configure all listboxes.  E.g.:

                >>> mlb = MultiListbox(master, 5)
                >>> mlb.configure(label_foreground='red')
                >>> mlb.configure(listbox_foreground='red')
        """
        cnf = dict(list(cnf.items()) + list(kw.items()))
        for (key, val) in list(cnf.items()):
            if key.startswith('label_') or key.startswith('label-'):
                for label in self._labels:
                    label.configure({key[6:]: val})
            elif key.startswith('listbox_') or key.startswith('listbox-'):
                for listbox in self._listboxes:
                    listbox.configure({key[8:]: val})
            else:
                Frame.configure(self, {key:val})

    def set_matplotlib_style(self, style_name=''):
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        
        if style_name is self.constants.ASK_DIALOG:
            dialog = True
        else:
            dialog = False

        ret = [None]
        if dialog:
            win = Toplevel()
    
            Label(win, text='Select a style for newly-created figures.').pack()
    
            combo = Combobox(win, stat='readonly')
            combo['values'] = plt.style.available
            combo.current(0)
            combo.pack()
            
            ret = [None]
            
            def on_ok():
                ret[0] = combo.get()
                win.quit()
                
            def on_cancel():
                win.quit()
                
            frame = Frame(win)
            frame.pack()
            Button(win, text='Cancel', command=on_cancel).pack(side='right')            
            Button(win, text='Ok', command=on_ok).pack(side='right')
                
            win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', win.quit)
            win.focus_set()
            win.grab_set()
            win.mainloop()
            win.destroy()        
            
        style = ret[0] if ret[0] is not None else style_name
        plt.style.use(style)

 def __init__(self, package_name, base_class, display_base_class=False):
     self.__package_name = package_name
     self.__base_class = base_class
     self.__display_base_class = display_base_class
     self.__window = window = Toplevel()
     window.title('Class Selector')
     self.__selected_class_name = ''
     self.__selected_module_name = ''
     
     self.__tree = tree = ScrolledTree(window)
     tree.pack()
     # If a module print something while being loaded, the stdout of this
     # script will be contaminated. 
     # The dumb_stream prevents the contamination. 
     with dumb_stream():
         classes = self.load_modules()
     for package in classes:
         packageNode = tree.insert('', 'end', text=package)
         for class_name in classes[package]:
             tree.insert(packageNode, 'end', text=class_name, values=package)
             
     button_frame = Frame(window)
     button_frame.pack()
     def _on_click(module_name, class_name):
         self.__selected_module_name   = module_name
         self.__selected_class_name    = class_name
         window.destroy()
     cancel_button = Button(button_frame, text='Cancel', command=lambda: _on_click('', ''))
     cancel_button.pack(side='right')
     ok_button     = Button(
         button_frame, 
         text='OK', 
         command=lambda: _on_click(
             tree.item(tree.selection(), 'values')[0],
             tree.item(tree.selection(), 'text')
         )
     )
     ok_button.pack(side='right')

    def __init__(self, grammar, text):
        self._grammar = grammar
        self._text = text

        # Set up the main window.
        self._top = Tk()
        self._top.title('Context Free Grammar Demo')

        # Base font size
        self._size = IntVar(self._top)
        self._size.set(12)  # = medium

        # Set up the key bindings
        self._init_bindings(self._top)

        # Create the basic frames
        frame1 = Frame(self._top)
        frame1.pack(side='left', fill='y', expand=0)
        self._init_menubar(self._top)
        self._init_buttons(self._top)
        self._init_grammar(frame1)
        self._init_treelet(frame1)
        self._init_workspace(self._top)

def ask_font():
    win = Toplevel()
    win.title('Font Dialog')

    buttonFrame = Frame(win)
    retval = [None]
    def onClick(ret=None):
        win.destroy()
        retval[0] = ret
    
    buttonFrame.pack(side=BOTTOM)
    btnCancel = Button(buttonFrame, text='Cancel', command=lambda: onClick())
    btnCancel.pack(side=RIGHT)
    btnOk = Button(buttonFrame, text='OK', command=lambda: onClick((fontFrame.face, fontFrame.size)))
    btnOk.pack(side=RIGHT)    
            
    fontFrame = FontFrame(win)
    fontFrame.pack()
    
    win.focus_set()
    win.grab_set()
    win.wait_window()
    return retval[0]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        Observable.__init__(self)
        self._text = text = Text(self, wrap=NONE, height=1.2, relief=SOLID)
        text.bind('<Configure>', self._on_resize)
        text.bind('<KeyPress>', self._on_key_press)
        text.pack(fill=X, expand=YES, side=LEFT)
        self._default_cursor = text['cursor']
        self._default_background_color = text['background']


        # Browse Button
        text.tag_config('browse_button', foreground='orange')
        text.tag_bind('browse_button', '<Button-1>', self._on_button_click)
        text.tag_bind('browse_button', '<Enter>',
                      lambda *args: self._change_cursor_to_hand(True))
        text.tag_bind('browse_button', '<Leave>',
                      lambda *args: self._change_cursor_to_hand(False))
        # End Browse Button
                
        self._blank_len = 2
        self._browse_text = 'BROWSE'
        self._coding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
        self._directory          = None

 def _init_query_box(self, parent):
     innerframe = Frame(parent, background=self._BACKGROUND_COLOUR)
     another = Frame(innerframe, background=self._BACKGROUND_COLOUR)
     self.query_box = Entry(another, width=60)
     self.query_box.pack(side='left', fill='x', pady=25, anchor='center')
     self.search_button = Button(another, text='Search', command=self.search, borderwidth=1, highlightthickness=1)
     self.search_button.pack(side='left', fill='x', pady=25, anchor='center')
     self.query_box.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', self.search_enter_keypress_handler)
     another.pack()
     innerframe.pack(side='top', fill='x', anchor='n')

 def _init_results_box(self, parent):
     innerframe = Frame(parent)
     i1 = Frame(innerframe)
     i2 = Frame(innerframe)
     vscrollbar = Scrollbar(i1, borderwidth=1)
     hscrollbar = Scrollbar(i2, borderwidth=1, orient='horiz')
     self.results_box = Text(i1,
                 font=Font(family='courier', size='16'),
                 state='disabled', borderwidth=1,
                 yscrollcommand=vscrollbar.set,
                 xscrollcommand=hscrollbar.set, wrap='none', width='40', height = '20', exportselection=1)
     self.results_box.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
     vscrollbar.pack(side='left', fill='y', anchor='e')
     vscrollbar.config(command=self.results_box.yview)
     hscrollbar.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=True, anchor='w')
     hscrollbar.config(command=self.results_box.xview)
     #there is no other way of avoiding the overlap of scrollbars while using pack layout manager!!!
     Label(i2, text='   ', background=self._BACKGROUND_COLOUR).pack(side='left', anchor='e')
     i1.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=True, anchor='n')
     i2.pack(side='bottom', fill='x', anchor='s')
     innerframe.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=True)

 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
     TkToolWindow.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
     Observable.__init__(self)
     
     self.__serialmap = None
     
     # Temporarily
     self.inst = Inst()
     # End Temporarily
     
     #window = self.tk_object
     tooltab = Frame(self._tool_tabs)
     self._tool_tabs.add(tooltab, text='SPI')
     #tooltab.pack(expand='yes', fill='x')        
     
 # Group OPEN 
     open_group = Group(tooltab)
     open_group.name = 'Open Device'
     open_group.pack(side='left', fill='y', expand='yes')
     
     self.__dev_combo = dev_combo = Combobox(open_group, value=[], takefocus=1, stat='readonly', width=12)
     dev_combo.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self._on_dev_change)
     self.__current_serialno = None
     dev_combo.pack(side='top')
     
     self.__is_opened = IntVar(0)
     self.__open_check = open_check = Checkbutton(open_group, text='Open', 
         variable=self.__is_opened,
         command=self._on_open_click)
     open_check.pack(expand='yes', fill='y', side='top')
 # End Group Open
     
 # Group Parameters
     param_group = Group(tooltab)
     param_group.name = 'Parameters'
     param_group.pack(side='left')
     Button(param_group, text='Configure', command=self._on_param_change).pack(side='bottom')        
     
     param_frame = Frame(param_group)
     param_frame.pack()
     
     self.__CPOL = CPOL = IntVar(0)
     self.__CPHA = CPHA = IntVar(0)
     Checkbutton(param_frame, text='CPOL', variable=CPOL).grid(row=0, column=0)
     Checkbutton(param_frame, text='CPHA', variable=CPHA).grid(row=1, column=0)
     
     self.__baud_combo = baud_combo = Combobox(param_frame, value=[], takefocus=1, stat='readonly', width=8)
     baud_combo.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=2)
     
     self.__read_timeout_str = r_timeout = StringVar()
     self.__write_timeout_str = w_timeout = StringVar()
     Entry(param_frame, textvariable=r_timeout, width=5).grid(row=1, column=1)
     Entry(param_frame, textvariable=w_timeout, width=5).grid(row=1, column=2)
 # End Group Parameters
     
 # Write Group
     write_group = Group(tooltab)
     write_group.name = 'Write'
     write_group.pack(side='left', fill='y', expand='yes')
     
     self.__writebuf = writebuf = StringVar()
     Entry(write_group, textvariable=writebuf).pack()
     Button(write_group, text='Write', command=self._on_write_click).pack()
 # End Write Group
     
     self._make_window_manager_tab()
     
     # To Do: a driver group for loading specified spi bus driver
     converter = USBSPIConverter()
     converter.add_observer(self)
     self.add_observer(converter)

    def init_gui(self):
        """init helper"""

        window = PanedWindow(self.root, orient="vertical")
        window.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=True)

        top_pane = Frame(window)
        window.add(top_pane)
        mid_pane = Frame(window)
        window.add(mid_pane)
        bottom_pane = Frame(window)
        window.add(bottom_pane)

        #setting up frames
        top_frame = Frame(top_pane)
        mid_frame = Frame(top_pane)
        history_frame = Frame(top_pane)
        radio_frame = Frame(mid_pane)
        rating_frame = Frame(mid_pane)
        res_frame = Frame(mid_pane)
        check_frame = Frame(bottom_pane)
        msg_frame = Frame(bottom_pane)
        btn_frame = Frame(bottom_pane)
        top_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        mid_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        history_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=True)
        radio_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        rating_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        res_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=True)
        check_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        msg_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=True)
        btn_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=X)

        # Binding F5 application-wide to run lint
        self.root.bind('<F5>', self.run_lint)

        #Message ListBox
        rightscrollbar = Scrollbar(msg_frame)
        rightscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
        bottomscrollbar = Scrollbar(msg_frame, orient=HORIZONTAL)
        bottomscrollbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
        self.lb_messages = Listbox(
            msg_frame,
            yscrollcommand=rightscrollbar.set,
            xscrollcommand=bottomscrollbar.set,
            bg="white")
        self.lb_messages.bind("<Double-Button-1>", self.show_sourcefile)
        self.lb_messages.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
        rightscrollbar.config(command=self.lb_messages.yview)
        bottomscrollbar.config(command=self.lb_messages.xview)

        #History ListBoxes
        rightscrollbar2 = Scrollbar(history_frame)
        rightscrollbar2.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
        bottomscrollbar2 = Scrollbar(history_frame, orient=HORIZONTAL)
        bottomscrollbar2.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
        self.showhistory = Listbox(
            history_frame,
            yscrollcommand=rightscrollbar2.set,
            xscrollcommand=bottomscrollbar2.set,
            bg="white")
        self.showhistory.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
        rightscrollbar2.config(command=self.showhistory.yview)
        bottomscrollbar2.config(command=self.showhistory.xview)
        self.showhistory.bind('<Double-Button-1>', self.select_recent_file)
        self.set_history_window()

        #status bar
        self.status = Label(self.root, text="", bd=1, relief=SUNKEN, anchor=W)
        self.status.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)

        #labelbl_ratingls
        lbl_rating_label = Label(rating_frame, text='Rating:')
        lbl_rating_label.pack(side=LEFT)
        lbl_rating = Label(rating_frame, textvariable=self.rating)
        lbl_rating.pack(side=LEFT)
        Label(mid_frame, text='Recently Used:').pack(side=LEFT)
        Label(top_frame, text='Module or package').pack(side=LEFT)

        #file textbox
        self.txt_module = Entry(top_frame, background='white')
        self.txt_module.bind('<Return>', self.run_lint)
        self.txt_module.pack(side=LEFT, expand=True, fill=X)

        #results box
        rightscrollbar = Scrollbar(res_frame)
        rightscrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
        bottomscrollbar = Scrollbar(res_frame, orient=HORIZONTAL)
        bottomscrollbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
        self.results = Listbox(
            res_frame,
            yscrollcommand=rightscrollbar.set,
            xscrollcommand=bottomscrollbar.set,
            bg="white", font="Courier")
        self.results.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH, side=BOTTOM)
        rightscrollbar.config(command=self.results.yview)
        bottomscrollbar.config(command=self.results.xview)

        #buttons
        Button(top_frame, text='Open', command=self.file_open).pack(side=LEFT)
#.........这里部分代码省略.........