def get_snmp_data (router_data, oid):

    if router_data ['snmp_v'] < 3:

        a_device = ( 
                router_data['IP'], 
                router_data['SNMP Community'], 
                router_data['SNMP Port'], 
        )

        snmp_data = snmp_get_oid ( a_device, oid)

        if snmp_data:
            return snmp_extract (snmp_data)

    if router_data ['snmp_v'] == 3:
        a_device = ( 
                router_data['IP'], 
                router_data['SNMP Port'], 
        )
        snmp_user = router_data ['snmp_user']

        snmp_data = snmp_get_oid_v3 ( a_device, snmp_user, oid)

        if snmp_data:
            return snmp_extract (snmp_data)
    
            
    return None

def was_config_changed( router, snmp_user ):

    # System up time
    sysUptimeOID = '1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0'
    # Uptime when running config last changed
    ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.1.0'   

    # Uptime when running config last saved (note any 'write' constitutes a save)    
    ccmHistoryRunningLastSaved = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.2.0'   

    # Uptime when startup config last saved   
    ccmHistoryStartupLastChanged = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.3.0'

    snmp_data = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(router, snmp_user, oid=sysUptimeOID)
    router_uptime = int(snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_data))
#    print 'uptime:  ' + str( router_uptime ) + ': ' + covert_seconds_to_human_time( router_uptime )

    snmp_data = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(router, snmp_user, oid=ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged)
    running_last_change_time = int(snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_data))
#    print 'running last change: ' + str( running_last_change_time ) + ' ' + str( router_uptime - running_last_change_time )

    snmp_data = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(router, snmp_user, oid=ccmHistoryRunningLastSaved)
    running_last_save_time = int(snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_data))
#    print 'running last save:   ' + str( running_last_save_time ) + ' ' + str( router_uptime - running_last_save_time )

    snmp_data = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(router, snmp_user, oid=ccmHistoryStartupLastChanged)
    startup_last_change_time = int(snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_data))
#    print 'startup last change: ' + str( startup_last_change_time ) + ' ' + str( router_uptime - startup_last_change_time )

    if (running_last_change_time > 600 and (running_last_change_time > startup_last_change_time)):
        output = covert_seconds_to_human_time(router_uptime - running_last_change_time) + 'since last change of running config\n'
        output += covert_seconds_to_human_time(router_uptime - startup_last_change_time) + 'since last save of running config\n'
        return output

    return ''

def main():
   ipaddr = '50.76.53.27'

   for i in (7961, 8061):
      print i,":\n";
      print "name     >>> ",snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid([ipaddr, "galileo", i], '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0'))
      print "sysdescr >>> ",snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid([ipaddr, "galileo", i], '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0'))

def main():
    a_user = 'pysnmp'
    auth_key = 'galileo1'
    encrypt_key = 'galileo1'
    rtr_ip = '50.76.53.27'
    snmp_user = (a_user, auth_key, encrypt_key)
    f = open(device_file, "rb")

    #prev_rtr1_info = pickle.load(f)
    #prev_rtr2_info = pickle.load(f)
    #f.close()

    pynet_rtr1 = (rtr_ip, 7961)
    pynet_rtr2 = (rtr_ip, 8061)


    if hostname == "pynet-rtr1":
        router = pynet_rtr1
    elif hostname == "pynet-rtr2":
        router = pynet_rtr2

    rtr_name = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_name)
    rtr_description = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_description)
    rtr_uptime = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_uptime)
    last_changed = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=config_last_changed)

    name_output = snmp_extract(rtr_name)
    desc_output = snmp_extract(rtr_description)
    uptime_output = snmp_extract(rtr_uptime)
    changed_output = snmp_extract(last_changed)

    device_info = (name_output,desc_output,uptime_output,changed_output)

    compare_device_info(hostname, device_info)

	def get_sysinfo(self):
		# Uptime when running config last changed
		ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.1.0'   

		# Uptime when running config last saved (note any 'write' constitutes a save)    
		ccmHistoryRunningLastSaved = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.2.0'   

		# Uptime when startup config last saved   
		ccmHistoryStartupLastChanged = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.3.0'

		#system uptime
		sysUptime = '1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0'

		oidRunningLastChanged = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(self.a_device, self.snmp_user, ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged, display_errors=True)
		self.RunningLastChanged = snmp_helper.snmp_extract(oidRunningLastChanged)
		oidRunningLastSaved = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(self.a_device, self.snmp_user, ccmHistoryRunningLastSaved, display_errors=True)
		self.RunningLastSaved = snmp_helper.snmp_extract(oidRunningLastSaved)
		oidStartupLastChanged = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(self.a_device, self.snmp_user, ccmHistoryStartupLastChanged, display_errors=True)
		self.StartupLastChanged = snmp_helper.snmp_extract(oidStartupLastChanged)
		sysuptime_oid = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(self.a_device, self.snmp_user, sysUptime, display_errors=True)
		self.sysuptime = snmp_helper.snmp_extract(sysuptime_oid)
		sysname_oid = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid_v3(self.a_device, self.snmp_user, '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0', display_errors=True)
		self.sysName = snmp_helper.snmp_extract(sysname_oid)
		print "\n" + self.sysName
		print "uptime %s" % self.sysuptime
		self.RunningLastChangedDelta = int(self.sysuptime) - int(self.RunningLastChanged)
		self.RunningLastSavedDelta = int(self.sysuptime) - int(self.RunningLastSaved)
		self.StartupLastChangedDelta = int(self.sysuptime) - int(self.StartupLastChanged)
		print "running changed %s delta %i minutes" % (self.RunningLastChanged, self.RunningLastChangedDelta/6000)
		print "running saved %s delta %i minutes" % (self.RunningLastSaved, self.RunningLastSavedDelta/6000)
		print "startup changed %s delta %i minutes" % (self.StartupLastChanged, self.StartupLastChangedDelta/6000)

def main():
    a_user = 'pysnmp'
    auth_key = 'galileo1'
    encrypt_key = 'galileo1'
    rtr_ip = '50.76.53.27'
    snmp_user = (a_user, auth_key, encrypt_key)

    #prev_rtr1_info = pickle.load(f)
    #print(prev_rtr1_info)
    #prev_rtr2_info = pickle.load(f)
    #print(prev_rtr2_info)

    f = open(device_file, "wb")

    pynet_rtr1 = (rtr_ip, 7961)
    pynet_rtr2 = (rtr_ip, 8061)

    for router in (pynet_rtr1, pynet_rtr2):
        rtr_name = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_name)
        rtr_description = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_description)
        rtr_uptime = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_uptime)
        last_changed = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=config_last_changed)

        name_output = snmp_extract(rtr_name)
        desc_output = snmp_extract(rtr_description)
        uptime_output = snmp_extract(rtr_uptime)
        changed_output = snmp_extract(last_changed)
    
        device_info = (name_output,desc_output,uptime_output,changed_output)

        pickle.dump(device_info, f)
    f.close()

def main():
	'''
	'''
	DEBUG = False
	
	COMMUNITY_STRING = 'secret'
	IP = '1.1.1.1'
	
	my_devices = {
		"Device1": (IP, COMMUNITY_STRING, 7061),
		"Device2": (IP, COMMUNITY_STRING, 8061),
	}

	#Uptime when running config last changed
	ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.1.0'
	# Uptime when running config last saved (note any 'write' constitutes a save)
	ccmHistoryRunningLastSaved = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.2.0'
	# Uptime when startup config last saved
	ccmHistoryStartupLastChanged = '1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.43.1.1.3.0'

	sys_uptime_oid = '1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0'


	for device_name, snmp_device in my_devices.items():
		
		# Gather data from device
		snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(snmp_device, oid=sys_uptime_oid)
		sys_uptime = snmp_extract(snmp_data)

		uptime_hours = convert_uptime_hours(sys_uptime)
	
		snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(snmp_device, oid=ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged)
		last_run_change = int(snmp_extract(snmp_data))
		
		snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(snmp_device, oid=ccmHistoryStartupLastChanged)
		last_start_save = int(snmp_extract(snmp_data))
		
		# Determine whether run-start are in sync
		
		run_save_status = determine_run_start_sync_state(last_run_change, last_start_save)

		# Display Output
		print "\nDevice = %s" % device_name
		print "Current Uptime = %.1f hours" % uptime_hours

		if DEBUG:
			print "Run change time = %s" % last_run_change
			print "Last save time = %s" % last_start_save

		# check for a reboot and no save
		if not(last_start_save):
			print "This device has never been saved since the last reboot"
		else:
			if run_save_status:
				print "Running config has been saved"
			else:
				print "Running config not saved"

		print	

def main():
    a_user = 'pysnmp'
    auth_key = 'galileo1'
    encrypt_key = 'galileo1'
    rtr_ip = '50.76.53.27'
    snmp_user = (a_user, auth_key, encrypt_key)
    f = open(device_file, "rb")

    prev_rtr1_info = pickle.load(f)
    prev_rtr2_info = pickle.load(f)
    f.close()

    pynet_rtr1 = (rtr_ip, 7961)
    pynet_rtr2 = (rtr_ip, 8061)

    hostname = raw_input("Please enter the hostname: ")

    if hostname == "pynet-rtr1":
        router = pynet_rtr1
    elif hostname == "pynet-rtr2":
        router = pynet_rtr2

    rtr_name = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_name)
    rtr_description = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_description)
    rtr_uptime = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=router_uptime)
    last_changed = snmp_get_oid_v3(router,snmp_user,oid=config_last_changed)

    name_output = snmp_extract(rtr_name)
    desc_output = snmp_extract(rtr_description)
    uptime_output = snmp_extract(rtr_uptime)
    changed_output = snmp_extract(last_changed)
    
    device_info = (name_output,desc_output,uptime_output,changed_output)
    
    if hostname == "pynet-rtr1":
        print(device_info[3], prev_rtr1_info[3])
        if device_info[3] > prev_rtr1_info[3]:
            f = open(device_file, "wb")
            pickle.dump(device_info,f)
            pickle.dump(prev_rtr2_info,f)
            f.close()
        else:
            print("No changes have been made to this device.")

    elif hostname == "pynet-rtr2":
        if device_info[3] > prev_rtr2_info[3]:
            print("Device configuration has been changed.")
            f = open(device_file, "wb")
            pickle.dump(prev_rtr1_info,f)
            pickle.dump(device_info,f)
            f.close()
        else:
            print("No changes have been made to this device.")

    f = open("device_info.pkl", "rb")

    prev_rtr1_info = pickle.load(f)
    prev_rtr2_info = pickle.load(f)
    f.close()

def get_router_info(router_info,SYSNAME,SYSDESC):

     snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(router_info,oid=SYSNAME)
     router = snmp_extract(snmp_data)
     print "Router: %s" % router
     snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(router_info,oid=SYSDESC)
     output = snmp_extract(snmp_data)
     print "SYSDESC: %s" % output

def main(args):
    parser = OptionParser()
    parser.add_option('-c', '--community', default='public', help='community string')
    options, args = parser.parse_args()

    for arg in args:
        host, port = arg.split(':')
        device = (host, options.community, port)
        for name, oid in OIDS.iteritems():
            print snmp_extract(snmp_get_oid(device, oid=oid))

def getSnmpInfo(router,comm):
    rtr_ip = '50.76.53.27'
    if router == "rtr1":
        snmp_port = 7961
    else:
        snmp_port = 8061

    device = (rtr_ip,comm,snmp_port) 
    rtr_name = snmp_get_oid(device,oid='.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0',display_errors=True)
    rtr_desc = snmp_get_oid(device,oid='.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0',display_errors=True)
    name_output = snmp_extract(rtr_name)
    desc_output = snmp_extract(rtr_desc)
    return(name_output,desc_output)

def main():
    '''
    Using SNMP Write a program that detects if the running configuration has
    been changed but not saved to startup-config.
    '''

    ip_addr = '50.242.94.227'

    my_devices = {
        "pynet_rtr1": (ip_addr, COMMUNITY_STRING, 7961),
        "pynet_rtr2": (ip_addr, COMMUNITY_STRING, 8061),
    }

    sys_uptime_oid = '1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0'


    for device_name, snmp_device in my_devices.items():

        # Gather data from device
        snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(snmp_device, oid=sys_uptime_oid)
        sys_uptime = snmp_extract(snmp_data)

        uptime_hours = convert_uptime_hours(sys_uptime)

        snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(snmp_device, oid=OID_RUN_LAST_CHANGED)
        last_run_change = int(snmp_extract(snmp_data))

        snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(snmp_device, oid=OID_START_LAST_CHANGED)
        last_start_save = int(snmp_extract(snmp_data))

        # Determine whether run-start are in sync
        run_save_status = determine_run_start_sync_state(last_run_change, last_start_save)

        # Display output
        print "\nDevice = %s" % device_name
        print "Current Uptime = %.1f hours" % uptime_hours
        if DEBUG:
            print "Run change time = %s" % last_run_change
            print "Last save time = %s" % last_start_save

        # Check for a reboot and no save
        if not last_start_save:
            print 'This device has never been saved since the last reboot'
        else:
            if run_save_status:
                print 'Running config has been saved'
            else:
                print 'Running config not saved'

        print

def main(args):
    parser = OptionParser()
    parser.add_option('-c', '--community', default='public', help='community string')
    parser.add_option('-D', '--debug', action='store_true', help='be verbose')
    options, args = parser.parse_args()

    data = {}
    for arg in args:
        host, port = arg.split(':')
        device = (host, options.community, port)
        data[arg] = {}
        for name, oid in OIDS.iteritems():
            data[arg][name] = snmp_extract(snmp_get_oid(device, oid=oid))
    for host in data:

# From the mib:
# If the value of ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged is greater than
# ccmHistoryRunningLastSaved, the configuration has been
# changed but not saved.

        if options.debug:
            print data[host]

        if data[host]['runningLastChanged'] > data[host]['runningLastSaved']:
            print "%s config modified (%s), but not saved (%s)" % (
                host, data[host]['runningLastChanged'], data[host]['startupLastChanged']
            )

 def poll_print_oid(self, oid):
     # Combines both snmp_get_oid and snmp_extract into one class method
     self.oid = oid
     self.a_device = (self.ip_address, self.community, self.snmp_port)
     self.snmp_data = snmp_get_oid(self.a_device, self.oid)
     self.output = snmp_extract(self.snmp_data)
     return self.output

def main():

    rtr1 = (IP, COMMUNITY, 7961)
    rtr2 = (IP, COMMUNITY, 8061)

    rtr1_sysname = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid(rtr1, SYSNAME_OID)
    rtr1_sysdescr = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid(rtr1, SYSDESCR_OID)

    rtr2_sysname = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid(rtr2, SYSNAME_OID)
    rtr2_sysdescr = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid(rtr2, SYSDESCR_OID)

    print "rtr1 sysname: %s\n" % snmp_helper.snmp_extract(rtr1_sysname)
    print "rtr1 sysdescr: %s\n" % snmp_helper.snmp_extract(rtr1_sysdescr)

    print "rtr2 sysname: %s\n" % snmp_helper.snmp_extract(rtr2_sysname)
    print "rtr2 sysdescr: %s\n" % snmp_helper.snmp_extract(rtr2_sysdescr)

def snmp_get(router, oids):
    data = {}
    for oid_name, oid in oids.items():
        data['router_ip'] = router[0]
        data[oid_name] = snmp_extract(snmp_get_oid(router, oid))
    print(data)
    return data

def snmp_print_sysdescr(l_ip, l_port='161', l_community='public'):
    '''
    Print snmp sysdescr
    '''
    conn_dev = (l_ip, l_community, l_port)
    snmp_data = snmp_extract(snmp_get_oid(conn_dev, oid='1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0'))
    return snmp_data

def main():
    '''
    main routine
    '''


    pickle_file = 'machine_file.pkl'

    ip_address = raw_input("Enter IP address: ")
    machines = ((ip_address, '7961'), (ip_address, '8061'))
    username = raw_input("Enter SNMPv3 Username: ")
    authentication_key = getpass(prompt="Enter Authentication key: ")
    encryption_key = getpass(prompt="Enter Encryption key: ")

    snmp_user = (username, authentication_key, encryption_key)

    # load stored machines from pickle_file into dictionary object

    stored_machines = load_stored_machines(pickle_file)

    # create list to store machine objects created from config_check.NewMachine

    pickle_dump_list = []


    # using SNMPv3 poll all defined machines,
    # grab sysName and ccmHistoryRunningLastChanged OIDs

    for values in machines:
        snmp_data = []

        for snmp_oid in (SYSNAME, LASTCHANGE):
            snmp_poll = snmp_extract(snmp_get_oid_v3(values, snmp_user, snmp_oid))
            snmp_data.append(snmp_poll)

        machine_name = snmp_data[0]
        machine_lastchange = snmp_data[1]

        pickle_dump_list.append(NewMachine(machine_name, machine_lastchange))


        # test if polled sysName matches a previously stored device,
        # if match and config change is detected send email alert

        if machine_name in stored_machines:
            alert_obj = stored_machines[machine_name]

            if machine_lastchange > alert_obj.machine_lastchange:
                print "\n{0}: running-config has changed!".format(machine_name)
                email_alert(alert_obj)

            else:
                print "\n{0}: No running-config change detected!".format(machine_name)

        else:
            print "{0}: Not previously found. Saving to {1}".format(machine_name, pickle_file)

    with open(pickle_file, 'w') as pkl_file:
        for list_item in pickle_dump_list:
            pickle.dump(list_item, pkl_file)

def get_cell_status():
    # community_string and snmp_port are set under global variables
    device = ('snmp.meraki.com', community_string, snmp_port)
    # devCellularStatus
    snmp_data = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid(device, oid='.1.3.6.1.4.1.29671.1.1.4.1.14', display_errors=True)

    for row in snmp_data:
        # for each response with 'Active' cellular status, append the devName to cell_active_list
        if row[0][1] == 'Active':
            # dup of the original function to extract [0][0] vs. [0][1]
            extract_oid = snmp_helper.snmp_extract2(row)
            # replace the front of the oid to create a new oid for name lookup
            name_oid = extract_oid.replace('SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.29671.1.1.4.1.14', '.1.3.6.1.4.1.29671.1.1.4.1.2')
            # lookup and extract the devName of the device with 'Active' cellular status
            # dup of the original function that issues a get vs. getNext
            snmp_name = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid2(device, oid=name_oid, display_errors=True)
            dev_name = snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_name)
            # append devName to cell_active_list
            cell_active_list.append(dev_name)
            # write devName to CSV
            csv_row_text = format(str(dev_name))
            csv_writer.writerow([csv_row_text])
            print "writing to CSV: %s" % csv_row_text  # for watching live
        else:
            # ignoring anything without 'Active' status
            continue
    return cell_active_list

def snmp_get(snmp_data, device):
	access_details = (device['IP'], COMMUNITY_STRING, SNMP_PORT)
	snmp_results = snmp_helper.snmp_get_oid(access_details, snmp_data['OID'])
	output = snmp_helper.snmp_extract(snmp_results)
	print("For "+device['name']+" the "+snmp_data['name']+" is "+'\n')
	print(output)
	print('\n')