def put(self, instance, ref_or_id):
        op = 'PUT /policies/%s/' % ref_or_id

        db_model = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)
        LOG.debug('%s found object: %s', op, db_model)
        db_model_id = db_model.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(db_model)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to update object from system pack.', op)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))

        if not getattr(instance, 'pack', None):
            instance.pack = db_model.pack

        try:
            db_model = self.model.to_model(instance)
            db_model.id = db_model_id
            db_model = self.access.add_or_update(db_model)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to update object: %s', op, db_model)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))
            return

        LOG.debug('%s updated object: %s', op, db_model)
        LOG.audit('Policy updated. Policy.id=%s' % (db_model.id), extra={'policy_db': db_model})

        return self.model.from_model(db_model)

    def delete(self, ref_or_id):
        """
            Delete a policy.
            Handles requests:
                POST /policies/1?_method=delete
                DELETE /policies/1
                DELETE /policies/mypack.mypolicy
        """
        op = 'DELETE /policies/%s/' % ref_or_id

        db_model = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)
        LOG.debug('%s found object: %s', op, db_model)

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(db_model)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to delete object from system pack.', op)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))

        try:
            self.access.delete(db_model)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to delete object: %s', op, db_model)
            abort(http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, str(e))
            return

        LOG.debug('%s deleted object: %s', op, db_model)
        LOG.audit('Policy deleted. Policy.id=%s' % (db_model.id), extra={'policy_db': db_model})

        return None

    def delete(self, action_ref_or_id):
        """
            Delete an action.

            Handles requests:
                POST /actions/1?_method=delete
                DELETE /actions/1
                DELETE /actions/mypack.myaction
        """
        action_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=action_ref_or_id)
        action_id = action_db.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(action_db)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))

        LOG.debug('DELETE /actions/ lookup with ref_or_id=%s found object: %s',
                  action_ref_or_id, action_db)

        try:
            Action.delete(action_db)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.error('Database delete encountered exception during delete of id="%s". '
                      'Exception was %s', action_id, e)
            abort(http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, str(e))
            return

        extra = {'action_db': action_db}
        LOG.audit('Action deleted. Action.id=%s' % (action_db.id), extra=extra)
        return None

    def post(self, action):
        """
            Create a new action.

            Handles requests:
                POST /actions/
        """
        # Perform validation
        validate_not_part_of_system_pack(action)
        action_validator.validate_action(action)

        # Write pack data files to disk (if any are provided)
        data_files = getattr(action, 'data_files', [])
        written_data_files = []
        if data_files:
            written_data_files = self._handle_data_files(pack_name=action.pack,
                                                         data_files=data_files)

        action_model = ActionAPI.to_model(action)

        LOG.debug('/actions/ POST verified ActionAPI object=%s', action)
        action_db = Action.add_or_update(action_model)
        LOG.debug('/actions/ POST saved ActionDB object=%s', action_db)

        # Dispatch an internal trigger for each written data file. This way user
        # automate comitting this files to git using StackStorm rule
        if written_data_files:
            self._dispatch_trigger_for_written_data_files(action_db=action_db,
                                                          written_data_files=written_data_files)

        extra = {'acion_db': action_db}
        LOG.audit('Action created. Action.id=%s' % (action_db.id), extra=extra)
        action_api = ActionAPI.from_model(action_db)

        return action_api

    def put(self, triggertype_ref_or_id, triggertype):
        try:
            triggertype_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=triggertype_ref_or_id)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception(e.message)
            abort(http_client.NOT_FOUND, e.message)
            return

        triggertype_id = triggertype_db.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(triggertype_db)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))

        try:
            triggertype_db = TriggerTypeAPI.to_model(triggertype)
            if triggertype.id is not None and len(triggertype.id) > 0 and \
               triggertype.id != triggertype_id:
                LOG.warning('Discarding mismatched id=%s found in payload and using uri_id=%s.',
                            triggertype.id, triggertype_id)
            triggertype_db.id = triggertype_id
            old_triggertype_db = triggertype_db
            triggertype_db = TriggerType.add_or_update(triggertype_db)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('Validation failed for triggertype data=%s', triggertype)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))
            return

        extra = {'old_triggertype_db': old_triggertype_db, 'new_triggertype_db': triggertype_db}
        LOG.audit('TriggerType updated. TriggerType.id=%s' % (triggertype_db.id), extra=extra)

        triggertype_api = TriggerTypeAPI.from_model(triggertype_db)
        return triggertype_api

    def delete(self, triggertype_ref_or_id):
        """
            Delete a triggertype.

            Handles requests:
                DELETE /triggertypes/1
                DELETE /triggertypes/pack.name
        """
        LOG.info('DELETE /triggertypes/ with ref_or_id=%s',
                 triggertype_ref_or_id)

        triggertype_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=triggertype_ref_or_id)
        triggertype_id = triggertype_db.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(triggertype_db)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))

        try:
            TriggerType.delete(triggertype_db)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception('Database delete encountered exception during delete of id="%s". ',
                          triggertype_id)
            abort(http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, six.text_type(e))
            return
        else:
            extra = {'triggertype': triggertype_db}
            LOG.audit('TriggerType deleted. TriggerType.id=%s' % (triggertype_db.id), extra=extra)
            if not triggertype_db.parameters_schema:
                TriggerTypeController._delete_shadow_trigger(triggertype_db)

        return Response(status=http_client.NO_CONTENT)

    def put(self, action_ref_or_id, action):
        action_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=action_ref_or_id)
        action_id = action_db.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(action_db)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))

        if not getattr(action, 'pack', None):
            action.pack = action_db.pack

        try:
            action_validator.validate_action(action)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))
            return

        try:
            action_db = ActionAPI.to_model(action)
            action_db.id = action_id
            action_db = Action.add_or_update(action_db)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('Unable to update action data=%s', action)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))
            return

        action_api = ActionAPI.from_model(action_db)
        LOG.debug('PUT /actions/ client_result=%s', action_api)

        return action_api

    def post(self, action, requester_user):
        """
            Create a new action.

            Handles requests:
                POST /actions/
        """

        permission_type = PermissionType.ACTION_CREATE
        rbac_utils = get_rbac_backend().get_utils_class()
        rbac_utils.assert_user_has_resource_api_permission(user_db=requester_user,
                                                           resource_api=action,
                                                           permission_type=permission_type)

        try:
            # Perform validation
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(action)
            action_validator.validate_action(action)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError,
                ValueValidationException, InvalidActionParameterException) as e:
            LOG.exception('Unable to create action data=%s', action)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))
            return

        # Write pack data files to disk (if any are provided)
        data_files = getattr(action, 'data_files', [])
        written_data_files = []
        if data_files:
            written_data_files = self._handle_data_files(pack_ref=action.pack,
                                                         data_files=data_files)

        action_model = ActionAPI.to_model(action)

        LOG.debug('/actions/ POST verified ActionAPI object=%s', action)
        action_db = Action.add_or_update(action_model)
        LOG.debug('/actions/ POST saved ActionDB object=%s', action_db)

        # Dispatch an internal trigger for each written data file. This way user
        # automate comitting this files to git using StackStorm rule
        if written_data_files:
            self._dispatch_trigger_for_written_data_files(action_db=action_db,
                                                          written_data_files=written_data_files)

        extra = {'acion_db': action_db}
        LOG.audit('Action created. Action.id=%s' % (action_db.id), extra=extra)
        action_api = ActionAPI.from_model(action_db)

        return Response(json=action_api, status=http_client.CREATED)

    def put(self, action, ref_or_id, requester_user):
        action_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)

        # Assert permissions
        permission_type = PermissionType.ACTION_MODIFY
        rbac_utils = get_rbac_backend().get_utils_class()
        rbac_utils.assert_user_has_resource_db_permission(user_db=requester_user,
                                                          resource_db=action_db,
                                                          permission_type=permission_type)

        action_id = action_db.id

        if not getattr(action, 'pack', None):
            action.pack = action_db.pack

        # Perform validation
        validate_not_part_of_system_pack(action)
        action_validator.validate_action(action)

        # Write pack data files to disk (if any are provided)
        data_files = getattr(action, 'data_files', [])
        written_data_files = []
        if data_files:
            written_data_files = self._handle_data_files(pack_ref=action.pack,
                                                         data_files=data_files)

        try:
            action_db = ActionAPI.to_model(action)
            LOG.debug('/actions/ PUT incoming action: %s', action_db)
            action_db.id = action_id
            action_db = Action.add_or_update(action_db)
            LOG.debug('/actions/ PUT after add_or_update: %s', action_db)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('Unable to update action data=%s', action)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))
            return

        # Dispatch an internal trigger for each written data file. This way user
        # automate committing this files to git using StackStorm rule
        if written_data_files:
            self._dispatch_trigger_for_written_data_files(action_db=action_db,
                                                          written_data_files=written_data_files)

        action_api = ActionAPI.from_model(action_db)
        LOG.debug('PUT /actions/ client_result=%s', action_api)

        return action_api

    def put(self, sensor_type, ref_or_id, requester_user):
        # Note: Right now this function only supports updating of "enabled"
        # attribute on the SensorType model.
        # The reason for that is that SensorTypeAPI.to_model right now only
        # knows how to work with sensor type definitions from YAML files.

        sensor_type_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)

        permission_type = PermissionType.SENSOR_MODIFY
        rbac_utils = get_rbac_backend().get_utils_class()
        rbac_utils.assert_user_has_resource_db_permission(user_db=requester_user,
                                                          resource_db=sensor_type_db,
                                                          permission_type=permission_type)

        sensor_type_id = sensor_type_db.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(sensor_type_db)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))
            return

        if not getattr(sensor_type, 'pack', None):
            sensor_type.pack = sensor_type_db.pack
        try:
            old_sensor_type_db = sensor_type_db
            sensor_type_db.id = sensor_type_id
            sensor_type_db.enabled = getattr(sensor_type, 'enabled', False)
            sensor_type_db = SensorType.add_or_update(sensor_type_db)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('Unable to update sensor_type data=%s', sensor_type)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))
            return

        extra = {
            'old_sensor_type_db': old_sensor_type_db,
            'new_sensor_type_db': sensor_type_db
        }
        LOG.audit('Sensor updated. Sensor.id=%s.' % (sensor_type_db.id), extra=extra)
        sensor_type_api = SensorTypeAPI.from_model(sensor_type_db)

        return sensor_type_api

    def put(self, ref_or_id, sensor_type):
        # Note: Right now this function only supports updating of "enabled"
        # attribute on the SensorType model.
        # The reason for that is that SensorTypeAPI.to_model right now only
        # knows how to work with sensor type definitions from YAML files.
        try:
            sensor_type_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception(e.message)
            abort(http_client.NOT_FOUND, e.message)
            return

        sensor_type_id = sensor_type_db.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(sensor_type_db)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))
            return

        if not getattr(sensor_type, 'pack', None):
            sensor_type.pack = sensor_type_db.pack
        try:
            old_sensor_type_db = sensor_type_db
            sensor_type_db.id = sensor_type_id
            sensor_type_db.enabled = getattr(sensor_type, 'enabled', False)
            sensor_type_db = SensorType.add_or_update(sensor_type_db)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('Unable to update sensor_type data=%s', sensor_type)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))
            return

        extra = {
            'old_sensor_type_db': old_sensor_type_db,
            'new_sensor_type_db': sensor_type_db
        }
        LOG.audit('Sensor updated. Sensor.id=%s.' % (sensor_type_db.id), extra=extra)
        sensor_type_api = SensorTypeAPI.from_model(sensor_type_db)

        return sensor_type_api

    def put(self, action_ref_or_id, action):
        action_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=action_ref_or_id)

        # Assert permissions
        action_id = action_db.id

        if not getattr(action, 'pack', None):
            action.pack = action_db.pack

        # Perform validation
        validate_not_part_of_system_pack(action)
        action_validator.validate_action(action)

        # Write pack data files to disk (if any are provided)
        data_files = getattr(action, 'data_files', [])
        written_data_files = []
        if data_files:
            written_data_files = self._handle_data_files(pack_name=action.pack,
                                                         data_files=data_files)

        try:
            action_db = ActionAPI.to_model(action)
            action_db.id = action_id
            action_db = Action.add_or_update(action_db)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('Unable to update action data=%s', action)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, str(e))
            return

        # Dispatch an internal trigger for each written data file. This way user
        # automate comitting this files to git using StackStorm rule
        if written_data_files:
            self._dispatch_trigger_for_written_data_files(action_db=action_db,
                                                          written_data_files=written_data_files)

        action_api = ActionAPI.from_model(action_db)
        LOG.debug('PUT /actions/ client_result=%s', action_api)

        return action_api

    def put(self, instance, ref_or_id, requester_user):
        op = 'PUT /policies/%s/' % ref_or_id

        db_model = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)
        LOG.debug('%s found object: %s', op, db_model)

        permission_type = PermissionType.POLICY_MODIFY
        rbac_utils = get_rbac_backend().get_utils_class()
        rbac_utils.assert_user_has_resource_db_permission(user_db=requester_user,
                                                          resource_db=db_model,
                                                          permission_type=permission_type)

        db_model_id = db_model.id

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(db_model)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to update object from system pack.', op)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))

        if not getattr(instance, 'pack', None):
            instance.pack = db_model.pack

        try:
            db_model = self.model.to_model(instance)
            db_model.id = db_model_id
            db_model = self.access.add_or_update(db_model)
        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to update object: %s', op, db_model)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))
            return

        LOG.debug('%s updated object: %s', op, db_model)
        LOG.audit('Policy updated. Policy.id=%s' % (db_model.id), extra={'policy_db': db_model})

        exec_result = self.model.from_model(db_model)

        return Response(json=exec_result, status=http_client.OK)

    def delete(self, ref_or_id, requester_user):
        """
            Delete a policy.
            Handles requests:
                POST /policies/1?_method=delete
                DELETE /policies/1
                DELETE /policies/mypack.mypolicy
        """
        op = 'DELETE /policies/%s/' % ref_or_id

        db_model = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)
        LOG.debug('%s found object: %s', op, db_model)

        permission_type = PermissionType.POLICY_DELETE
        rbac_utils = get_rbac_backend().get_utils_class()
        rbac_utils.assert_user_has_resource_db_permission(user_db=requester_user,
                                                          resource_db=db_model,
                                                          permission_type=permission_type)

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(db_model)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to delete object from system pack.', op)
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))

        try:
            self.access.delete(db_model)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception('%s unable to delete object: %s', op, db_model)
            abort(http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, six.text_type(e))
            return

        LOG.debug('%s deleted object: %s', op, db_model)
        LOG.audit('Policy deleted. Policy.id=%s' % (db_model.id), extra={'policy_db': db_model})

        # return None
        return Response(status=http_client.NO_CONTENT)

    def delete(self, ref_or_id, requester_user):
        """
            Delete an action.

            Handles requests:
                POST /actions/1?_method=delete
                DELETE /actions/1
                DELETE /actions/mypack.myaction
        """
        action_db = self._get_by_ref_or_id(ref_or_id=ref_or_id)
        action_id = action_db.id

        permission_type = PermissionType.ACTION_DELETE
        rbac_utils = get_rbac_backend().get_utils_class()
        rbac_utils.assert_user_has_resource_db_permission(user_db=requester_user,
                                                          resource_db=action_db,
                                                          permission_type=permission_type)

        try:
            validate_not_part_of_system_pack(action_db)
        except ValueValidationException as e:
            abort(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, six.text_type(e))

        LOG.debug('DELETE /actions/ lookup with ref_or_id=%s found object: %s',
                  ref_or_id, action_db)

        try:
            Action.delete(action_db)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.error('Database delete encountered exception during delete of id="%s". '
                      'Exception was %s', action_id, e)
            abort(http_client.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, six.text_type(e))
            return

        extra = {'action_db': action_db}
        LOG.audit('Action deleted. Action.id=%s' % (action_db.id), extra=extra)
        return Response(status=http_client.NO_CONTENT)