def add_external_or_partner_actor_ttem(item, pkg):
    ta = ThreatActor()
    ta.identity = CIQIdentity3_0Instance()
    identity_spec = STIXCIQIdentity3_0()
    country_item = item.get('country')
    if not country_item:
        error("Required 'country' item is missing in 'actor/external' or 'actor/partner' item")
    else:  
        for c in country_item:
            address = Address()
            address.country = Country()
            address.country.add_name_element(c)
            identity_spec.add_address(address)
        ta.identity.specification = identity_spec
    motive_item = item.get('motive')
    if not motive_item:
        error("Required 'motive' item is missing in 'actor/external' or 'actor/partner' item")
    else:
        for m in motive_item:
            motivation = Statement()
            motivation.value = map_motive_item_to_motivation(m)
            ta.add_motivation(motivation)
    variety_item = item.get('variety')        
    if not variety_item:
        error("Required 'variety' item is missing in 'actor/external' or 'actor/partner' item")
    else:
        for v in variety_item:
            ta_type = Statement()
            ta_type.value = map_actor_variety_item_to_threat_actor_type(v)
            ta.add_type(ta_type)
    notes_item = item.get('notes')
    if notes_item:
        ta.description = "Notes: " + escape(notes_item)
    pkg.add_threat_actor(ta)

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = obj.get_id()
        return_obj.idref = obj.get_idref()
        return_obj.timestamp = obj.get_timestamp()

        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class): # CourseOfActionType properties
            return_obj.version = obj.get_version() or cls._version
            return_obj.title = obj.get_Title()
            return_obj.stage = VocabString.from_obj(obj.get_Stage())
            return_obj.type_ = VocabString.from_obj(obj.get_Type())
            return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.get_Description())
            return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.get_Short_Description())
            return_obj.objective = Objective.from_obj(obj.get_Objective())
            return_obj.parameter_observables = \
                    Observables.from_obj(obj.get_Parameter_Observables())
            return_obj.impact = Statement.from_obj(obj.get_Impact())
            return_obj.cost = Statement.from_obj(obj.get_Cost())
            return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_obj(obj.get_Efficacy())
            return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.get_Information_Source())
            return_obj.handling = Marking.from_obj(obj.get_Handling())
            return_obj.related_coas = \
                    RelatedCOAs.from_obj(obj.get_Related_COAs())
            return_obj.related_packages = \
                    RelatedPackageRefs.from_obj(obj.get_Related_Packages())

        return return_obj

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = obj.id
        return_obj.idref = obj.idref
        return_obj.timestamp = obj.timestamp

        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class): # CourseOfActionType properties
            return_obj.version = obj.version
            return_obj.title = obj.Title
            return_obj.stage = VocabString.from_obj(obj.Stage)
            return_obj.type_ = VocabString.from_obj(obj.Type)
            return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.Description)
            return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.Short_Description)
            return_obj.objective = Objective.from_obj(obj.Objective)
            return_obj.parameter_observables = \
                    Observables.from_obj(obj.Parameter_Observables)
            return_obj.impact = Statement.from_obj(obj.Impact)
            return_obj.cost = Statement.from_obj(obj.Cost)
            return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_obj(obj.Efficacy)
            return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.Information_Source)
            return_obj.handling = Marking.from_obj(obj.Handling)
            return_obj.related_coas = \
                    RelatedCOAs.from_obj(obj.Related_COAs)
            return_obj.related_packages = \
                    RelatedPackageRefs.from_obj(obj.Related_Packages)

        return return_obj

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = obj.id
        return_obj.idref = obj.idref
        return_obj.timestamp = obj.timestamp
        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class): # ThreatActorType properties
            return_obj.version = obj.version
            return_obj.title = obj.Title
            return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.Description)
            return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.Short_Description)
            return_obj.identity = Identity.from_obj(obj.Identity)
            return_obj.types = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Type]
            return_obj.motivations = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Motivation]
            return_obj.sophistications = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Sophistication]
            return_obj.intended_effects = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Intended_Effect]
            return_obj.planning_and_operational_supports = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Planning_And_Operational_Support]
            return_obj.observed_ttps = ObservedTTPs.from_obj(obj.Observed_TTPs)
            return_obj.associated_campaigns = AssociatedCampaigns.from_obj(obj.Associated_Campaigns)
            return_obj.associated_actors = AssociatedActors.from_obj(obj.Associated_Actors)
            return_obj.handling = Marking.from_obj(obj.Handling)
            return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_obj(obj.Confidence)
            return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.Information_Source)
            return_obj.related_packages = RelatedPackageRefs.from_obj(obj.Related_Packages)

        return return_obj

    def from_dict(cls, dict_repr, return_obj=None):
        if not dict_repr:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = dict_repr.get('id')
        return_obj.idref = dict_repr.get('idref')
        return_obj.timestamp = dict_repr.get('timestamp')
        return_obj.version = dict_repr.get('version')
        return_obj.title = dict_repr.get('title')
        return_obj.stage = VocabString.from_dict(dict_repr.get('stage'))
        return_obj.type_ = VocabString.from_dict(dict_repr.get('type'))
        return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_dict(dict_repr.get('description'))
        return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_dict(dict_repr.get('short_description'))
        return_obj.objective = Objective.from_dict(dict_repr.get('objective'))
        return_obj.parameter_observables = \
                Observables.from_dict(dict_repr.get('parameter_observables'))
        return_obj.impact = Statement.from_dict(dict_repr.get('impact'))
        return_obj.cost = Statement.from_dict(dict_repr.get('cost'))
        return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_dict(dict_repr.get('efficacy'))
        return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_dict(dict_repr.get('information_source'))
        return_obj.handling = Marking.from_dict(dict_repr.get('handling'))
        return_obj.related_coas = \
                RelatedCOAs.from_dict(dict_repr.get('related_coas'))
        return_obj.related_packages = \
                RelatedPackageRefs.from_dict(dict_repr.get('related_packages'))

        return return_obj

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return None

        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        super(CourseOfAction, cls).from_obj(obj, return_obj=return_obj)

        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class):  # CourseOfActionType properties
            return_obj.title = obj.Title
            return_obj.stage = VocabString.from_obj(obj.Stage)
            return_obj.type_ = VocabString.from_obj(obj.Type)
            return_obj.objective = Objective.from_obj(obj.Objective)
            return_obj.parameter_observables = \
                Observables.from_obj(obj.Parameter_Observables)
            return_obj.impact = Statement.from_obj(obj.Impact)
            return_obj.cost = Statement.from_obj(obj.Cost)
            return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_obj(obj.Efficacy)
            return_obj.related_coas = \
                RelatedCOAs.from_obj(obj.Related_COAs)
            return_obj.related_packages = \
                related.RelatedPackageRefs.from_obj(obj.Related_Packages)
            return_obj.structured_coa = \
                _BaseStructuredCOA.from_obj(obj.Structured_COA)

        return return_obj

    def from_dict(cls, dict_repr, return_obj=None):
        if not dict_repr:
            return None

        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = dict_repr.get('id')
        return_obj.idref = dict_repr.get('idref')
        return_obj.timestamp = dict_repr.get('timestamp')
        return_obj.version = dict_repr.get('version')
        return_obj.title = dict_repr.get('title')
        return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_dict(dict_repr.get('description'))
        return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_dict(dict_repr.get('short_description'))
        return_obj.identity = Identity.from_dict(dict_repr.get('identity'))
        return_obj.types = [Statement.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('types', [])]
        return_obj.motivations = [Statement.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('motivations', [])]
        return_obj.sophistications = [Statement.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('sophistications', [])]
        return_obj.intended_effects = [Statement.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('intended_effects', [])]
        return_obj.planning_and_operational_supports = [Statement.from_dict(x)
                for x in dict_repr.get('planning_and_operational_supports', [])]
        return_obj.observed_ttps = ObservedTTPs.from_dict(dict_repr.get('observed_ttps'))
        return_obj.associated_campaigns = AssociatedCampaigns.from_dict(dict_repr.get('associated_campaigns'))
        return_obj.associated_actors = AssociatedActors.from_dict(dict_repr.get('associated_actors'))
        return_obj.handling = Marking.from_dict(dict_repr.get('handling'))
        return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_dict(dict_repr.get('confidence'))
        return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_dict(dict_repr.get('information_source'))
        return_obj.related_packages = RelatedPackageRefs.from_dict(dict_repr.get('related_packages'))

        return return_obj

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = obj.get_id()
        return_obj.idref = obj.get_idref()
        return_obj.timestamp = obj.get_timestamp()
        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class): # ThreatActorType properties
            return_obj.version = obj.get_version() if obj.get_version() else cls._version
            return_obj.title = obj.get_Title()
            return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.get_Description())
            return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.get_Short_Description())
            return_obj.identity = Identity.from_obj(obj.get_Identity())
            return_obj.types = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Type()]
            return_obj.motivations = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Motivation()]
            return_obj.sophistications = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Sophistication()]
            return_obj.intended_effects = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Intended_Effect()]
            return_obj.planning_and_operational_supports = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Planning_And_Operational_Support()]
            return_obj.observed_ttps = ObservedTTPs.from_obj(obj.get_Observed_TTPs())
            return_obj.associated_campaigns = AssociatedCampaigns.from_obj(obj.get_Associated_Campaigns())
            return_obj.associated_actors = AssociatedActors.from_obj(obj.get_Associated_Actors())
            return_obj.handling = Marking.from_obj(obj.get_Handling())
            return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_obj(obj.get_Confidence())
            return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.get_Information_Source())
            return_obj.related_packages = RelatedPackageRefs.from_obj(obj.get_Related_Packages())

        return return_obj

    def from_dict(cls, dict_repr, return_obj=None):
        if not dict_repr:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        super(CourseOfAction, cls).from_dict(dict_repr, return_obj=return_obj)

        get = dict_repr.get
        return_obj.stage = VocabString.from_dict(get('stage'))
        return_obj.type_ = VocabString.from_dict(get('type'))
        return_obj.objective = Objective.from_dict(get('objective'))
        return_obj.parameter_observables = \
            Observables.from_dict(get('parameter_observables'))
        return_obj.impact = Statement.from_dict(get('impact'))
        return_obj.cost = Statement.from_dict(get('cost'))
        return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_dict(get('efficacy'))
        return_obj.related_coas = \
            RelatedCOAs.from_dict(get('related_coas'))
        return_obj.related_packages = \
            related.RelatedPackageRefs.from_dict(get('related_packages'))
        return_obj.structured_coa = \
            _BaseStructuredCOA.from_dict(get('structured_coa'))

        return return_obj

def add_coa_items(corrective_action_item, cost_corrective_action_item, pkg):
    coa = CourseOfAction()
    if corrective_action_item:
        coa.title = corrective_action_item
    if cost_corrective_action_item:
        cost = Statement()
        cost.value = map_cost_corrective_action_item_to_high_medium_low(cost_corrective_action_item)
        coa.cost = cost
    pkg.coa = coa

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = obj.get_id()
        return_obj.idref = obj.get_idref()
        return_obj.timestamp = obj.get_timestamp()
        
        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class):
            return_obj.version = obj.get_version() or cls._version
            return_obj.title = obj.get_Title()
            return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.get_Description())
            return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.get_Short_Description())
            return_obj.time = Time.from_obj(obj.get_Time())
    
            if obj.get_Victim():
                return_obj.victims = [Identity.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Victim()]
            if obj.get_Categories():
                return_obj.categories = [IncidentCategory.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Categories().get_Category()]
            if obj.get_Intended_Effect():
                return_obj.intended_effects = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Intended_Effect()]
            if obj.get_Affected_Assets():
                return_obj.affected_assets = [AffectedAsset.from_obj(x) for x in obj.get_Affected_Assets().get_Affected_Asset()]
    
            return_obj.attributed_threat_actors = AttributedThreatActors.from_obj(obj.get_Attributed_Threat_Actors())
            return_obj.related_indicators = RelatedIndicators.from_obj(obj.get_Related_Indicators())
            return_obj.related_observables = RelatedObservable.from_obj(obj.get_Related_Observables())
            return_obj.leveraged_ttps = LeveragedTTPs.from_obj(obj.get_Leveraged_TTPs())

        return return_obj

    def from_dict(cls, dict_repr, return_obj=None):
        if not dict_repr:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        super(Indicator, cls).from_dict(dict_repr, return_obj=return_obj)

        get = dict_repr.get
        return_obj.negate    = get('negate')
        return_obj.alternative_id = get('alternative_id')
        return_obj.indicated_ttps = _IndicatedTTPs.from_dict(get('indicated_ttps'))
        return_obj.test_mechanisms = TestMechanisms.from_list(get('test_mechanisms'))
        return_obj.suggested_coas = SuggestedCOAs.from_dict(get('suggested_coas'))
        return_obj.sightings = Sightings.from_dict(get('sightings'))
        return_obj.composite_indicator_expression = CompositeIndicatorExpression.from_dict(get('composite_indicator_expression'))
        return_obj.kill_chain_phases = KillChainPhasesReference.from_dict(get('kill_chain_phases'))
        return_obj.related_indicators = RelatedIndicators.from_dict(get('related_indicators'))
        return_obj.likely_impact = Statement.from_dict(get('likely_impact'))
        return_obj.indicator_types = IndicatorTypes.from_list(get('indicator_types'))
        return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_dict(get('confidence'))
        return_obj.valid_time_positions = _ValidTimePositions.from_dict(get('valid_time_positions'))
        return_obj.observable = Observable.from_dict(get('observable'))
        return_obj.producer = InformationSource.from_dict(get('producer'))
        return_obj.related_campaigns = RelatedCampaignRefs.from_dict(get('related_campaigns'))
        return_obj.related_packages = RelatedPackageRefs.from_dict(get('related_packages'))

        return return_obj

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):        
        if not obj:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        super(Indicator, cls).from_obj(obj, return_obj=return_obj)

        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class):
            return_obj.negate = obj.negate
            return_obj.producer = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.Producer)
            return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_obj(obj.Confidence)
            return_obj.sightings = Sightings.from_obj(obj.Sightings)
            return_obj.composite_indicator_expression = CompositeIndicatorExpression.from_obj(obj.Composite_Indicator_Expression)
            return_obj.kill_chain_phases = KillChainPhasesReference.from_obj(obj.Kill_Chain_Phases)
            return_obj.related_indicators = RelatedIndicators.from_obj(obj.Related_Indicators)
            return_obj.likely_impact = Statement.from_obj(obj.Likely_Impact)
            return_obj.indicator_types = IndicatorTypes.from_obj(obj.Type)
            return_obj.test_mechanisms = TestMechanisms.from_obj(obj.Test_Mechanisms)
            return_obj.suggested_coas = SuggestedCOAs.from_obj(obj.Suggested_COAs)
            return_obj.alternative_id = obj.Alternative_ID
            return_obj.indicated_ttps = _IndicatedTTPs.from_obj(obj.Indicated_TTP)
            return_obj.valid_time_positions = _ValidTimePositions.from_obj(obj.Valid_Time_Position)
            return_obj.observable = Observable.from_obj(obj.Observable)
            return_obj.related_campaigns = RelatedCampaignRefs.from_obj(obj.Related_Campaigns)
            return_obj.related_packages = RelatedPackageRefs.from_obj(obj.Related_Packages)
            
        return return_obj

    def from_dict(cls, dict_repr, return_obj=None):
        if not dict_repr:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = dict_repr.get('id')
        return_obj.idref = dict_repr.get('idref')
        return_obj.timestamp = dict_repr.get('timestamp')
        return_obj.version = dict_repr.get('version', cls._version)
        return_obj.title = dict_repr.get('title')
        return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_dict(dict_repr.get('description'))
        return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_dict(dict_repr.get('short_description'))
        return_obj.time = Time.from_dict(dict_repr.get('time'))
        return_obj.victims = [Identity.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('victims', [])]
        return_obj.categories = [IncidentCategory.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('categories', [])]
        return_obj.attributed_threat_actors = AttributedThreatActors.from_dict(dict_repr.get('attributed_threat_actors'))
        return_obj.related_indicators = RelatedIndicators.from_dict(dict_repr.get('related_indicators'))
        return_obj.related_observables = RelatedObservables.from_dict(dict_repr.get('related_observables'))
        return_obj.related_incidents = RelatedIncidents.from_dict(dict_repr.get('related_incidents'))
        return_obj.intended_effects = [Statement.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('intended_effects', [])]
        return_obj.leveraged_ttps = LeveragedTTPs.from_dict(dict_repr.get('leveraged_ttps'))
        return_obj.affected_assets = [AffectedAsset.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('affected_assets', [])]
        return_obj.discovery_methdos = [DiscoveryMethod.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('discovery_methods', [])]
        return_obj.reporter = InformationSource.from_dict(dict_repr.get('reporter'))
        return_obj.responders = [InformationSource.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('responders', [])]
        return_obj.coordinators = [InformationSource.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('coordinators', [])]
        return_obj.external_ids = [ExternalID.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('external_ids', [])]
        return_obj.impact_assessment = ImpactAssessment.from_dict(dict_repr.get('impact_assessment'))
        return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_dict(dict_repr.get('information_source'))
        return_obj.security_compromise = SecurityCompromise.from_dict(dict_repr.get('security_compromise'))
        return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_dict(dict_repr.get('confidence'))
        return_obj.coa_taken = [COATaken.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('coa_taken', [])]
        
        return return_obj

    def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_ = obj.id
        return_obj.idref = obj.idref
        return_obj.timestamp = obj.timestamp
        
        if isinstance(obj, cls._binding_class):
            return_obj.version = obj.version
            return_obj.title = obj.Title
            return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.Description)
            return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_obj(obj.Short_Description)
            return_obj.time = Time.from_obj(obj.Time)
    
            if obj.Victim:
                return_obj.victims = [Identity.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Victim]
            if obj.Categories:
                return_obj.categories = [IncidentCategory.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Categories.Category]
            if obj.Intended_Effect:
                return_obj.intended_effects = [Statement.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Intended_Effect]
            if obj.Affected_Assets:
                return_obj.affected_assets = [AffectedAsset.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Affected_Assets.Affected_Asset]
            if obj.Discovery_Method:
                return_obj.discovery_methods = [DiscoveryMethod.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Discovery_Method]
            if obj.Reporter:
                return_obj.reporter = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.Reporter)
            if obj.Responder:
                return_obj.responders = [InformationSource.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Responder]
            if obj.Coordinator:
                return_obj.coordinators = [InformationSource.from_obj(x) for x in obj.Coordinator]
            if obj.External_ID:
                return_obj.external_ids = [ExternalID.from_obj(x) for x in obj.External_ID]
            if obj.Impact_Assessment:
                return_obj.impact_assessment = ImpactAssessment.from_obj(obj.Impact_Assessment)
            if obj.Information_Source:
                return_obj.information_source = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.Information_Source)
            if obj.Security_Compromise:
                return_obj.security_compromise = SecurityCompromise.from_obj(obj.Security_Compromise)
            
            return_obj.coa_taken = [COATaken.from_obj(x) for x in obj.COA_Taken]
            return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_obj(obj.Confidence)
            return_obj.attributed_threat_actors = AttributedThreatActors.from_obj(obj.Attributed_Threat_Actors)
            return_obj.related_indicators = RelatedIndicators.from_obj(obj.Related_Indicators)
            return_obj.related_observables = RelatedObservables.from_obj(obj.Related_Observables)
            return_obj.leveraged_ttps = LeveragedTTPs.from_obj(obj.Leveraged_TTPs)
            return_obj.related_incidents = RelatedIncidents.from_obj(obj.Related_Incidents)
            return_obj.status = VocabString.from_obj(obj.Status)
            return_obj.handling = Marking.from_obj(obj.Handling)
            return_obj.history = History.from_obj(obj.History)
            
        return return_obj

def add_internal_actor_item(internal_item, pkg):
    ta = ThreatActor()
    motive_item = internal_item.get('motive')
    if not motive_item:
        error("Required 'motive' item is missing in 'actor/internal' item")
    else:
        for item in motive_item:
            motivation = Statement()
            motivation.value = map_motive_item_to_motivation(item)
    ta.add_motivation(motivation)
    # job_change added in 1.3
    variety_item = internal_item.get('variety')        
    if not variety_item:
        error("Required 'variety' item is missing in 'actor/internal' item")
    else:
        for v in variety_item:
            ta_type = Statement()
            ta_type.value = ThreatActorType(ThreatActorType.TERM_INSIDER_THREAT)
            ta_type.description = v
            ta.add_type(ta_type)
    notes_item = internal_item.get('notes')
    if notes_item:
        ta.description = "Notes: " + escape(notes_item)
    pkg.add_threat_actor(ta)

 def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
     if not obj:
         return None
     
     from stix.extensions.test_mechanism.snort_test_mechanism import SnortTestMechanism
     
     if not return_obj:
         klass = _BaseTestMechanism.lookup_class(obj.xml_type)
         return_obj = klass.from_obj(obj)
     else:
         return_obj.id_ = obj.get_id()
         return_obj.idref = obj.get_idref()
         return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_obj(obj.get_Efficacy())
         return_obj.producer = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.get_Producer())
     
     return return_obj

 def from_dict(cls, d, return_obj=None):
     if not d:
         return None
     
     from stix.extensions.test_mechanism.snort_test_mechanism import SnortTestMechanism
     
     if not return_obj:
         klass = _BaseTestMechanism.lookup_class(d.get('xsi:type'))
         return_obj = klass.from_dict(d)
     else:
         return_obj.id_ = d.get('id')
         return_obj.idref = d.get('idref')
         return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_dict(d.get('efficacy'))
         return_obj.producer = InformationSource.from_dict(d.get('producer'))
         
     return return_obj

    def from_dict(cls, dict_repr, return_obj=None):
        if not dict_repr:
            return None
        if not return_obj:
            return_obj = cls()

        return_obj.id_       = dict_repr.get('id')
        return_obj.idref     = dict_repr.get('idref')
        return_obj.timestamp = dict_repr.get('timestamp')
        return_obj.title     = dict_repr.get('title')
        return_obj.version   = dict_repr.get('version', cls._version)
        observable_dict      = dict_repr.get('observable')
        producer_dict        = dict_repr.get('producer')
        description_dict     = dict_repr.get('description')
        indicator_type_list  = dict_repr.get('indicator_types', [])
        confidence_dict      = dict_repr.get('confidence')
        alternative_id_dict  = dict_repr.get('alternative_id')
        valid_time_position_dict  = dict_repr.get('valid_time_positions')

        return_obj.short_description = StructuredText.from_dict(dict_repr.get('short_description'))
        return_obj.indicated_ttps = [RelatedTTP.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('indicated_ttps', [])]
        return_obj.test_mechanisms = [_BaseTestMechanism.from_dict(x) for x in dict_repr.get('test_mechanisms', [])]
        return_obj.suggested_coas = SuggestedCOAs.from_dict(dict_repr.get('suggested_coas'))
        return_obj.sightings = Sightings.from_dict(dict_repr.get('sightings'))
        return_obj.composite_indicator_expression = CompositeIndicatorExpression.from_dict(dict_repr.get('composite_indicator_expression'))
        return_obj.handling = Marking.from_dict(dict_repr.get('handling'))
        return_obj.kill_chain_phases = KillChainPhasesReference.from_dict(dict_repr.get('kill_chain_phases'))
        return_obj.related_indicators = RelatedIndicators.from_dict(dict_repr.get('related_indicators'))
        return_obj.likely_impact = Statement.from_dict(dict_repr.get('likely_impact'))
        
        if observable_dict:
            return_obj.add_observable(Observable.from_dict(observable_dict))
        if producer_dict:
            return_obj.producer = InformationSource.from_dict(producer_dict)
        if description_dict:
            return_obj.description = StructuredText.from_dict(description_dict)
        for indicator_type_dict in indicator_type_list:
                return_obj.add_indicator_type(VocabString.from_dict(indicator_type_dict))
        if confidence_dict:
            return_obj.confidence = Confidence.from_dict(confidence_dict)
        if alternative_id_dict:
            return_obj.alternative_id = alternative_id_dict
        if valid_time_position_dict:
            for valid_time_position_type_dict in valid_time_position_dict:
                return_obj.add_valid_time_position(ValidTime.from_dict(valid_time_position_type_dict))
        
        return return_obj

 def from_obj(cls, obj, return_obj=None):
     if not obj:
         return None
     
     from stix.extensions.test_mechanism.snort_test_mechanism import SnortTestMechanism
     from stix.extensions.test_mechanism.open_ioc_2010_test_mechanism import OpenIOCTestMechanism
     from stix.extensions.test_mechanism.yara_test_mechanism import YaraTestMechanism
     
     if not return_obj:
         klass = _BaseTestMechanism.lookup_class(obj.xml_type)
         return_obj = klass.from_obj(obj)
     else:
         return_obj.id_ = obj.id
         return_obj.idref = obj.idref
         return_obj.efficacy = Statement.from_obj(obj.Efficacy)
         return_obj.producer = InformationSource.from_obj(obj.Producer)
     
     return return_obj