def put(self, bytes):
        '''Save to redis

        :param bytes: Bytes to write to the storage.
        :return: Redis key for the current url
        :rettype: string
        '''

        key = self.get_key_from_request()
        result_ttl = self.get_max_age()

        logger.debug(
            "[REDIS_RESULT_STORAGE] putting `{key}` with ttl `{ttl}`".format(
                key=key,
                ttl=result_ttl
            )
        )

        with (yield Storage.pool.connected_client()) as client:
            if result_ttl > 0:
                yield client.call('SETEX', key, result_ttl, bytes)
            else:
                yield client.call('SET', key, bytes)

        raise tornado.gen.Return(key)

    def srgb(self):
        try:
            if not isinstance(self.engine, PILEngine):
                logger.warn('Could not perform profileToProfile conversion: engine is not PIL engine')
                return

            if (ImageCms is None):
                logger.warn('ImageCms is not installed. Could not perform profileToProfile conversion')
                return

            image = self.engine.image

            embedded_profile = image.info.get('icc_profile')

            if not embedded_profile:
                logger.debug('Image does not have embedded profile. Assuming already in sRGB')
                return

            embedded_profile = BytesIO(embedded_profile)
            srgb_profile = BytesIO(tiny_srgb)

            output_mode = 'RGBA' if 'A' in image.mode else 'RGB'
            image = ImageCms.profileToProfile(image, embedded_profile, srgb_profile, renderingIntent=0,
                                              outputMode=output_mode)

            self.engine.image = image
            self.engine.icc_profile = image.info.get('icc_profile')
        except Exception as err:
            logger.exception(err)

    def execute_image_operations(self):
        self.context.request.quality = None

        req = self.context.request
        conf = self.context.config

        should_store = self.context.config.RESULT_STORAGE_STORES_UNSAFE or not self.context.request.unsafe
        if self.context.modules.result_storage and should_store:
            start = datetime.datetime.now()

            result = yield gen.maybe_future(self.context.modules.result_storage.get())

            finish = datetime.datetime.now()

            self.context.metrics.timing('result_storage.incoming_time', (finish - start).total_seconds() * 1000)

            if result is None:
                self.context.metrics.incr('result_storage.miss')
            else:
                self.context.metrics.incr('result_storage.hit')
                self.context.metrics.incr('result_storage.bytes_read', len(result))
                logger.debug('[RESULT_STORAGE] IMAGE FOUND: %s' % req.url)
                self.finish_request(self.context, result)
                return

        if conf.MAX_WIDTH and (not isinstance(req.width, basestring)) and req.width > conf.MAX_WIDTH:
            req.width = conf.MAX_WIDTH
        if conf.MAX_HEIGHT and (not isinstance(req.height, basestring)) and req.height > conf.MAX_HEIGHT:
            req.height = conf.MAX_HEIGHT

        req.meta_callback = conf.META_CALLBACK_NAME or self.request.arguments.get('callback', [None])[0]

        self.filters_runner = self.context.filters_factory.create_instances(self.context, self.context.request.filters)
        # Apply all the filters from the PRE_LOAD phase and call get_image() afterwards.
        self.filters_runner.apply_filters(thumbor.filters.PHASE_PRE_LOAD, self.get_image)

    def optimize(self, buffer, input_file, output_file):
        command = [
            self.zopflipng_path,
            '-y',
        ]

        if self.context.config.ZOPFLIPNG_COMPRESS_MORE:
            command += [
                '-m'
            ]

        if self.context.config.ZOPFLIPNG_LOSSY_TRANSPARENT:
            command += [
                '--lossy_transparent'
            ]

        if self.context.config.ZOPFLIPNG_LOSSY_8BIT:
            command += [
                '--lossy_8bit'
            ]

        command += [
            input_file,
            output_file
        ]

        with open(os.devnull) as null:
            logger.debug("[ZOPFLIPNG] running: %s" % " ".join(command))
            subprocess.call(command, stdin=null, stdout=null)

    def put(self, bytes):
        '''Save to redis

        :param bytes: Bytes to write to the storage.
        :return: Redis key for the current url
        :rettype: string
        '''

        key = self.get_key_from_request()
        result_ttl = self.get_max_age()

        logger.debug(
            "[REDIS_RESULT_STORAGE] putting `{key}` with ttl `{ttl}`".format(
                key=key,
                ttl=result_ttl
            )
        )

        storage = self.get_storage()
        storage.set(key, bytes)

        if result_ttl > 0:
            storage.expireat(
                key,
                datetime.now() + timedelta(
                    seconds=result_ttl
                )
            )

        return key

    def distributed_collage(self, callback, orientation, alignment, urls):
        logger.debug('filters.distributed_collage: distributed_collage invoked')
        self.storage = self.context.modules.storage

        self.callback = callback
        self.orientation = orientation
        self.alignment = alignment
        self.urls = urls.split('|')
        self.images = {}

        total = len(self.urls)
        if total > self.MAX_IMAGES:
            logger.error('filters.distributed_collage: Too many images to join')
            callback()
        elif total == 0:
            logger.error('filters.distributed_collage: No images to join')
            callback()
        else:
            self.urls = self.urls[:self.MAX_IMAGES]
            for url in self.urls:
                self.images[url] = Picture(url, self)

            # second loop needed to ensure that all images are in self.images
            # otherwise, self.on_image_fetch can call the self.assembly()
            # without that all images had being loaded
            for url in self.urls:
                buffer = yield tornado.gen.maybe_future(self.storage.get(url))
                pic = self.images[url]
                if buffer is not None:
                    pic.fill_buffer(buffer)
                    self.on_image_fetch()
                else:
                    pic.request()

 def get(self, path):
   file_abspath = self.normalize_path(path)
   logger.debug('GET ' + path + ' (' + file_abspath + ')')
   try:
     return self.storage.read(file_abspath, self.storage.stat(file_abspath)[0])
   except rados.ObjectNotFound:
     return None

    def execute_image_operations(self):
        self.context.request.quality = None

        req = self.context.request
        conf = self.context.config

        req.extension = splitext(req.image_url)[-1].lower()

        should_store = self.context.config.RESULT_STORAGE_STORES_UNSAFE or not self.context.request.unsafe
        if self.context.modules.result_storage and should_store:
            result = self.context.modules.result_storage.get()
            if result is not None:
                mime = BaseEngine.get_mimetype(result)
                if mime == '.gif' and self.context.config.USE_GIFSICLE_ENGINE:
                    self.context.request.engine = GifEngine(self.context)
                else:
                    self.context.request.engine = self.context.modules.engine

                logger.debug('[RESULT_STORAGE] IMAGE FOUND: %s' % req.url)
                self.finish_request(self.context, result)
                return

        if conf.MAX_WIDTH and (not isinstance(req.width, basestring)) and req.width > conf.MAX_WIDTH:
            req.width = conf.MAX_WIDTH
        if conf.MAX_HEIGHT and (not isinstance(req.height, basestring)) and req.height > conf.MAX_HEIGHT:
            req.height = conf.MAX_HEIGHT

        req.meta_callback = conf.META_CALLBACK_NAME or self.request.arguments.get('callback', [None])[0]

        self.filters_runner = self.context.filters_factory.create_instances(self.context, self.context.request.filters)
        self.filters_runner.apply_filters(thumbor.filters.PHASE_PRE_LOAD, self.get_image)

def load_sync(context, url, callback):
    # Disable storage of original. These lines are useful if
    # you want your Thumbor instance to store all originals persistently
    # except video frames.
    #
    # from thumbor.storages.no_storage import Storage as NoStorage
    # context.modules.storage = NoStorage(context)

    unquoted_url = unquote(url)

    command = BaseWikimediaEngine.wrap_command([
        context.config.FFPROBE_PATH,
        '-v',
        'error',
        '-show_entries',
        'format=duration',
        '-of',
        'default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1',
        '%s%s' % (uri_scheme, unquoted_url)
    ], context)

    logger.debug('Command: %r' % command)

    process = Subprocess(command, stdout=Subprocess.STREAM)
    process.set_exit_callback(
        partial(
            _parse_time_status,
            context,
            unquoted_url,
            callback,
            process
        )
    )

    def define_image_type(self, context, result):
        if result is not None:
            if isinstance(result, ResultStorageResult):
                buffer = result.buffer
            else:
                buffer = result
            image_extension = EXTENSION.get(BaseEngine.get_mimetype(buffer), ".jpg")
        else:
            image_extension = context.request.format
            if image_extension is not None:
                image_extension = ".%s" % image_extension
                logger.debug("Image format specified as %s." % image_extension)
            elif self.is_webp(context):
                image_extension = ".webp"
                logger.debug("Image format set by AUTO_WEBP as %s." % image_extension)
            else:
                image_extension = context.request.engine.extension
                logger.debug("No image format specified. Retrieving from the image extension: %s." % image_extension)

        content_type = CONTENT_TYPE.get(image_extension, CONTENT_TYPE[".jpg"])

        if context.request.meta:
            context.request.meta_callback = (
                context.config.META_CALLBACK_NAME or self.request.arguments.get("callback", [None])[0]
            )
            content_type = "text/javascript" if context.request.meta_callback else "application/json"
            logger.debug("Metadata requested. Serving content type of %s." % content_type)

        logger.debug("Content Type of %s detected." % content_type)

        return (image_extension, content_type)

def load(context, path, callback):
    key = (
            context.config.RACKSPACE_PYRAX_REGION, 
            context.config.get('RACKSPACE_PYRAX_IDENTITY_TYPE','rackspace'),
            context.config.RACKSPACE_PYRAX_CFG,
            context.config.RACKSPACE_PYRAX_PUBLIC,
            context.config.RACKSPACE_LOADER_CONTAINER
        )

    if key not in CONNECTIONS:
        if(context.config.RACKSPACE_PYRAX_REGION):
            pyrax.set_default_region(context.config.RACKSPACE_PYRAX_REGION)
        pyrax.set_setting('identity_type', context.config.get('RACKSPACE_PYRAX_IDENTITY_TYPE','rackspace'))
        pyrax.set_credential_file(expanduser(context.config.RACKSPACE_PYRAX_CFG))
        cf = pyrax.connect_to_cloudfiles(public=context.config.RACKSPACE_PYRAX_PUBLIC)
        CONNECTIONS[key] = cf.get_container(context.config.RACKSPACE_LOADER_CONTAINER)

    cont = CONNECTIONS[key]
    file_abspath = normalize_path(context, path)
    logger.debug("[LOADER] getting from %s/%s" % (context.config.RACKSPACE_LOADER_CONTAINER, file_abspath))
    try:
        obj = cont.get_object(file_abspath)
        if obj:
            logger.debug("[LOADER] Found object at %s/%s" % (context.config.RACKSPACE_LOADER_CONTAINER, file_abspath))
        else:
            logger.warning("[LOADER] Unable to find object %s/%s" % (context.config.RACKSPACE_LOADER_CONTAINER, file_abspath ))
    except:
        callback(None)
    else:
        callback(obj.get())

    def __init__(self, context):
        '''
        :param context: `Context` instance
        '''

        if context.config.get('COMMUNITY_EXTENSIONS', None):
            for extension in context.config.get('COMMUNITY_EXTENSIONS'):
                Extensions.load(extension)

        Importer.import_community_modules(context.modules.importer)

        self.context = Context.from_context(context)
        
        if self.context.config.get('COMMUNITY_MONKEYPATCH', True):
            logger.debug("Monkey patching ContextHandler.initialize")
            # Monkey patch the ContextHandler.initialize method to generate a
            # community context instead of the one from vanilla thumbor.

            def initialize(self, context):
                '''Initialize a new Context object
                :param context: thumbor.context.Context
                '''
                self.context = Context.from_context(
                    context,
                    request_handler=self
                )

            ContextHandler.initialize = initialize

        super(App, self).__init__(self.get_handlers())

    def optimize(self, buffer, input_file, output_file):
        input_image = Image.open(input_file)
        stats = ImageStat.Stat(input_image).extrema
        has_alpha = False
        if len(stats) > 3 and (stats[3][0] < 255):
            has_alpha = True

        if has_alpha == False:
            intermediary = output_file + "-intermediate"
            input_image.save(intermediary, "JPEG", quality=100)
            input_file = intermediary

        command = (
            "%s --error-threshold %s --color-density-ratio %s --min-unique-colors %s --quality-out-max %s --quality-out-min %s --quality-in-min %s --max-steps %s %s %s > /dev/null 2>&1"
            % (
                self.imgmin_path,
                self.error_threshold,
                self.color_density_ratio,
                self.min_unique_colors,
                self.quality_out_max,
                self.quality_out_min,
                self.quality_in_min,
                self.max_steps,
                input_file,
                output_file,
            )
        )
        with open(os.devnull) as null:
            logger.debug("[AUTO IMGMIN] running: " + command)
            subprocess.call(command, shell=True, stdin=null)

    def get(self, callback):
        path = self.context.request.url
        file_abspath = self.normalize_path(path)
        if not self.validate_path(file_abspath):
            logger.warn("[RESULT_STORAGE] unable to read from outside root path: %s" % file_abspath)
            return None
        logger.debug("[RESULT_STORAGE] getting from %s" % file_abspath)

        if not exists(file_abspath) or self.is_expired(file_abspath):
            logger.debug("[RESULT_STORAGE] image not found at %s" % file_abspath)
            callback(None)
        else:
            with open(file_abspath, 'r') as f:
                buffer = f.read()

            result = ResultStorageResult(
                buffer=buffer,
                metadata={
                    'LastModified':  datetime.fromtimestamp(getmtime(file_abspath)).replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc),
                    'ContentLength': len(buffer),
                    'ContentType':   BaseEngine.get_mimetype(buffer)
                }
            )

            callback(result)

    def define_image_type(self, context, result):
        if result is not None:
            image_extension = EXTENSION.get(BaseEngine.get_mimetype(result), '.jpg')
        else:
            image_extension = context.request.format
            if image_extension is not None:
                image_extension = '.%s' % image_extension
                logger.debug('Image format specified as %s.' % image_extension)
            elif self.is_webp(context):
                image_extension = '.webp'
                logger.debug('Image format set by AUTO_WEBP as %s.' % image_extension)
            else:
                image_extension = context.request.engine.extension
                logger.debug('No image format specified. Retrieving from the image extension: %s.' % image_extension)

        content_type = CONTENT_TYPE.get(image_extension, CONTENT_TYPE['.jpg'])

        if context.request.meta:
            context.request.meta_callback = context.config.META_CALLBACK_NAME or self.request.arguments.get('callback', [None])[0]
            content_type = 'text/javascript' if context.request.meta_callback else 'application/json'
            logger.debug('Metadata requested. Serving content type of %s.' % content_type)

        logger.debug('Content Type of %s detected.' % content_type)

        return (image_extension, content_type)

    def post(self, **kwargs):
        self.should_return_image = False

        # URL can be passed as a URL argument or in the body
        url = kwargs['url'] if 'url' in kwargs else kwargs['key']

        if not url:
            logger.error("Couldn't find url param in body or key in URL...")
            raise tornado.web.HTTPError(404)

        options = RequestParser.path_to_parameters(url)

        yield self.check_image(options)

        # We check the status code, if != 200 the image is incorrect, and we shouldn't store the key
        if self.get_status() == 200:
            logger.debug("Image is checked, clearing the response before trying to store...")
            self.clear()
            try:
                shortener = Shortener(self.context)
                key = shortener.generate(url)
                shortener.put(key, url)

                self.write(json.dumps({'key': key}))
                self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error("An error occurred while trying to store shortened URL: {error}.".format(error=e.message))
                self.set_status(500)
                self.write(json.dumps({'error': e.message}))

    def command(
        cls,
        context,
        pre=[],
        post=[],
        buffer='',
        input_temp_file=None
    ):
        if not input_temp_file:
            input_temp_file = NamedTemporaryFile()
            input_temp_file.write(buffer)
            input_temp_file.flush()

        command = [context.config.EXIFTOOL_PATH]
        command += pre
        command.append(input_temp_file.name)
        command += post

        logger.debug('[ExiftoolRunner] command: %r' % command, extra=log_extra(context))

        code, stderr, stdout = ShellRunner.command(command, context)

        input_temp_file.close()

        if stderr:
            logger.error('[ExiftoolRunner] error: %r' % stderr, extra=log_extra(context))

        return stdout

    def select_engine(self):
        if self.lcl['selected_engine'] is not None:
            return self.lcl['selected_engine']

        if self.lcl['extension'] is None:
            ext = None
        else:
            ext = self.lcl['extension'].lstrip('.')

        logger.debug('[Proxy] Looking for a %s engine' % ext)

        for enginename, extensions in self.lcl['engines'].iteritems():
            engine = self.lcl[enginename]

            if ext in extensions:
                if hasattr(engine, 'should_run'):
                    if engine.should_run(self.lcl['buffer']):
                        self.lcl['selected_engine'] = enginename
                        return enginename
                else:
                    self.lcl['selected_engine'] = enginename
                    return enginename

        raise Exception(
            'Unable to find a suitable engine, tried %r' % self.lcl['engines']
        )  # pragma: no cover

 def format(self, format):
     if format.lower() not in ALLOWED_FORMATS:
         logger.debug('Format not allowed: %s' % format.lower())
         self.context.request.format = None
     else:
         logger.debug('Format specified: %s' % format.lower())
         self.context.request.format = format.lower()

 def get(self):
   path = self.context.request.url
   file_abspath = self.normalize_path(path)
   logger.debug('GET (result) ' + path + ' (' + file_abspath + ')')
   try:
     return self.storage.read(file_abspath, self.storage.stat(file_abspath)[0])
   except rados.ObjectNotFound:
     return None