def create_ticket(self, summary=None, info=None):
        """Create a new (random) ticket in the test environment.  Returns
        the new ticket number.

        :param summary:
            may optionally be set to the desired summary
        :param info:
            may optionally be set to a dictionary of field value pairs for
            populating the ticket.  ``info['summary']`` overrides summary.

        `summary` and `description` default to randomly-generated values.
        """
        self.go_to_front()
        tc.follow(r"\bNew Ticket\b")
        tc.notfind(internal_error)
        if summary is None:
            summary = random_sentence(5)
        tc.formvalue('propertyform', 'field_summary', summary)
        tc.formvalue('propertyform', 'field_description', random_page())
        if info:
            for field, value in info.items():
                tc.formvalue('propertyform', 'field_%s' % field, value)
        tc.submit('submit')
        # we should be looking at the newly created ticket
        tc.url(self.url + '/ticket/%s' % (self.ticketcount + 1))
        tc.notfind(internal_error)
        # Increment self.ticketcount /after/ we've verified that the ticket
        # was created so a failure does not trigger spurious later
        # failures.
        self.ticketcount += 1

        return self.ticketcount

 def go_to_wiki(self, name):
     """Surf to the page for the given wiki page."""
     # Used to go based on a quickjump, but if the wiki pagename isn't
     # camel case, that won't work.
     wiki_url = self.url + '/wiki/%s' % name
     tc.go(wiki_url)
     tc.url(wiki_url)

 def start(self):
     """Starts the webserver, and waits for it to come up."""
     if 'FIGLEAF' in os.environ:
         exe = os.environ['FIGLEAF']
         if ' ' in exe: # e.g. 'coverage run'
             args = exe.split()
         else:
             args = [exe]
     else:
         args = [sys.executable]
     options = ["--port=%s" % self.port, "-s", "--hostname=127.0.0.1",
                "--basic-auth=trac,%s," % self.htpasswd]
     if 'TRAC_TEST_TRACD_OPTIONS' in os.environ:
         options += os.environ['TRAC_TEST_TRACD_OPTIONS'].split()
     args.append(os.path.join(self.trac_src, 'trac', 'web',
                              'standalone.py'))
     server = Popen(args + options + [self.tracdir],
                    stdout=logfile, stderr=logfile,
                    close_fds=close_fds,
                    cwd=self.command_cwd,
                   )
     self.pid = server.pid
     # Verify that the url is ok
     timeout = 30
     while timeout:
         try:
             tc.go(self.url)
             break
         except ConnectError:
             time.sleep(1)
         timeout -= 1
     else:
         raise Exception('Timed out waiting for server to start.')
     tc.url(self.url)

 def go_to_view_tickets(self, href='report'):
     """Surf to the View Tickets page. By default this will be the Reports
     page, but 'query' can be specified for the `href` argument to support
     non-default configurations."""
     self.go_to_front()
     tc.follow('View Tickets')
     tc.url(self.url + '/' + href.lstrip('/'))

    def attach_file_to_ticket(self, ticketid, data=None, tempfilename=None,
                              description=None, replace=False,
                              content_type=None):
        """Attaches a file to the given ticket id, with random data if none is
        provided.  Assumes the ticket exists.
        """
        if data is None:
            data = random_page()
        if description is None:
            description = random_sentence()
        if tempfilename is None:
            tempfilename = random_word()

        self.go_to_ticket(ticketid)
        # set the value to what it already is, so that twill will know we
        # want this form.
        tc.formvalue('attachfile', 'action', 'new')
        tc.submit()
        tc.url(self.url + "/attachment/ticket/" \
               "%s/\\?action=new&attachfilebutton=Attach\\+file" % ticketid)
        fp = StringIO(data)
        tc.formfile('attachment', 'attachment', tempfilename,
                    content_type=content_type, fp=fp)
        tc.formvalue('attachment', 'description', description)
        if replace:
            tc.formvalue('attachment', 'replace', True)
        tc.submit()
        tc.url(self.url + '/attachment/ticket/%s/$' % ticketid)
        return tempfilename

    def _attach_file_to_resource(self, realm, name, data=None,
                                 filename=None, description=None,
                                 replace=False, content_type=None):
        """Attaches a file to a resource. Assumes the resource exists and
           has already been navigated to."""

        if data is None:
            data = random_page()
        if description is None:
            description = random_sentence()
        if filename is None:
            filename = random_word()

        tc.submit('attachfilebutton', 'attachfile')
        tc.url(self.url + '/attachment/%s/%s/\\?action=new&'
                          'attachfilebutton=Attach\\+file$' % (realm, name))
        fp = StringIO(data)
        tc.formfile('attachment', 'attachment', filename,
                    content_type=content_type, fp=fp)
        tc.formvalue('attachment', 'description', description)
        if replace:
            tc.formvalue('attachment', 'replace', True)
        tc.submit()
        tc.url(self.url + '/attachment/%s/%s/$' % (realm, name))

        return filename

 def go_to_preferences(self, panel_label=None):
     """Surf to the preferences page. Continue surfing to a specific
     preferences panel if `panel_label` is specified."""
     self.go_to_front()
     tc.follow(r"\bPreferences\b")
     tc.url(self.url + '/prefs')
     if panel_label is not None:
         tc.follow(r"\b%s\b" % panel_label)

 def go_to_admin(self, panel_label=None):
     """Surf to the webadmin page. Continue surfing to a specific
     admin page if `panel_label` is specified."""
     self.go_to_front()
     tc.follow(r"\bAdmin\b")
     tc.url(self.url + '/admin')
     if panel_label is not None:
         tc.follow(r"\b%s\b" % panel_label)

 def go_to_ticket(self, ticketid=None):
     """Surf to the page for the given ticket ID, or to the NewTicket page
     if `ticketid` is not specified or is `None`. If `ticketid` is
     specified, it assumes the ticket exists."""
     if ticketid is not None:
         ticket_url = self.url + '/ticket/%s' % ticketid
     else:
         ticket_url = self.url + '/newticket'
     self.go_to_url(ticket_url)
     tc.url(ticket_url + '$')

 def add_comment(self, ticketid, comment=None):
     """Adds a comment to the given ticket ID, assumes ticket exists."""
     self.go_to_ticket(ticketid)
     if comment is None:
         comment = random_sentence()
     tc.formvalue('propertyform', 'comment', comment)
     tc.submit("submit")
     # Verify we're where we're supposed to be.
     tc.url(self.url + '/ticket/%s#comment:.*' % ticketid)
     return comment

 def clone_ticket(self, ticketid):
     """Create a clone of the given ticket id using the clone button."""
     ticket_url = self.url + '/ticket/%s' % ticketid
     tc.go(ticket_url)
     tc.url(ticket_url)
     tc.formvalue('clone', 'clone', 'Clone')
     tc.submit()
     # we should be looking at the newly created ticket
     self.ticketcount += 1
     tc.url(self.url + "/ticket/%s" % self.ticketcount)
     return self.ticketcount

 def _ensure_web_access_is_working(self):
     timeout = 30
     while timeout:
         try:
             tc.go(self.url)
             break
         except (ConnectError, BrowserStateError):
             time.sleep(1)
         timeout -= 1
     else:
         raise Exception('Timed out waiting for server to start.')
     tc.url(self.url)

 def login(self, username):
     """Login as the given user"""
     tc.add_auth("", self.url, username, username)
     self.go_to_front()
     tc.find("Login")
     tc.follow("Login")
     # We've provided authentication info earlier, so this should
     # redirect back to the base url.
     tc.find("logged in as %s" % username)
     tc.find("Logout")
     tc.url(self.url)
     tc.notfind(internal_error)

    def create_milestone(self, name=None, due=None):
        """Creates the specified milestone, with a random name if none is
        provided.  Returns the name of the milestone.
        """
        if name == None:
            name = random_unique_camel()
        milestone_url = self.url + "/admin/ticket/milestones"
        tc.go(milestone_url)
        tc.url(milestone_url)
        tc.formvalue('addmilestone', 'name', name)
        if due:
            # TODO: How should we deal with differences in date formats?
            tc.formvalue('addmilestone', 'duedate', due)
        tc.submit()
        tc.notfind(internal_error)
        tc.notfind('Milestone .* already exists')
        tc.url(milestone_url)
        tc.find(name)

        # Make sure it's on the roadmap.
        tc.follow('Roadmap')
        tc.url(self.url + "/roadmap")
        tc.find('Milestone:.*%s' % name)
        tc.follow(name)
        tc.url('%s/milestone/%s' % (self.url, unicode_quote(name)))
        if not due:
            tc.find('No date set')

        return name

 def create_version(self, name=None, releasetime=None):
     """Create a new version.  The name defaults to a random camel-cased
     word if not provided."""
     version_admin = self.url + "/admin/ticket/versions"
     if name == None:
         name = random_unique_camel()
     tc.go(version_admin)
     tc.url(version_admin)
     tc.formvalue('addversion', 'name', name)
     if releasetime != None:
         tc.formvalue('addversion', 'time', releasetime)
     tc.submit()
     tc.url(version_admin)
     tc.find(name)
     tc.notfind(internal_error)

 def create_enum(self, kind, name=None):
     """Helper to create the specified enum (used for ``priority``,
     ``severity``, etc). If no name is given, a unique random word is used.
     The name is returned.
     """
     if name == None:
         name = random_unique_camel()
     priority_url = self.url + "/admin/ticket/" + kind
     tc.go(priority_url)
     tc.url(priority_url)
     tc.formvalue('addenum', 'name', name)
     tc.submit()
     tc.url(priority_url)
     tc.find(name)
     tc.notfind(internal_error)
     return name

 def create_component(self, name=None, user=None):
     """Creates the specified component, with a random camel-cased name if
     none is provided.  Returns the name."""
     if name == None:
         name = random_unique_camel()
     component_url = self.url + "/admin/ticket/components"
     tc.go(component_url)
     tc.url(component_url)
     tc.formvalue('addcomponent', 'name', name)
     if user != None:
         tc.formvalue('addcomponent', 'owner', user)
     tc.submit()
     # Verify the component appears in the component list
     tc.url(component_url)
     tc.find(name)
     tc.notfind(internal_error)
     # TODO: verify the component shows up in the newticket page
     return name

    def edit_wiki_page(self, name, content=None, comment=None):
        """Edits a wiki page, with random content is none is provided.
        and a random comment if none is provided. Returns the content.
        """
        if content is None:
            content = random_page()
        if comment is None:
            comment = random_sentence()
        self.go_to_wiki(name)
        tc.formvalue('modifypage', 'action', 'edit')
        tc.submit()
        tc.formvalue('edit', 'text', content)
        tc.formvalue('edit', 'comment', comment)
        tc.submit('save')
        page_url = self.url + '/wiki/%s' % name
        tc.url(page_url+'$')

        return content

    def go_to_report(self, id, args=None):
        """Surf to the specified report.

        Assumes the report exists. Report variables will be appended if
        specified.

        :param id: id of the report
        :param args: may optionally specify a dictionary of arguments to
                     be encoded as a query string
        """
        report_url = self.url + "/report/%s" % id
        if args:
            arglist = []
            for param, value in args.items():
                arglist.append('%s=%s' % (param.upper(), unicode_quote(value)))
            report_url += '?' + '&'.join(arglist)
        tc.go(report_url)
        tc.url(report_url.encode('string-escape').replace('?', '\?'))

 def attach_file_to_wiki(self, name, data=None):
     """Attaches a file to the given wiki page, with random content if none
     is provided.  Assumes the wiki page exists.
     """
     if data == None:
         data = random_page()
     self.go_to_wiki(name)
     # set the value to what it already is, so that twill will know we
     # want this form.
     tc.formvalue('attachfile', 'action', 'new')
     tc.submit()
     tc.url(self.url + "/attachment/wiki/" \
            "%s/\\?action=new&attachfilebutton=Attach\\+file" % name)
     tempfilename = random_word()
     fp = StringIO(data)
     tc.formfile('attachment', 'attachment', tempfilename, fp=fp)
     tc.formvalue('attachment', 'description', random_sentence())
     tc.submit()
     tc.url(self.url + '/attachment/wiki/%s/$' % name)