def get_module_score(user, course, module):
    """
    Collects all children of the given module and calculates the cumulative
    score for this set of modules for the given user.

    Arguments:
        user (User): The user
        course (CourseModule): The course
        module (XBlock): The module

    Returns:
        float: The cumulative score
    """
    def inner_get_module(descriptor):
        """
        Delegate to get_module_for_descriptor
        """
        field_data_cache = FieldDataCache([descriptor], course.id, user)
        return get_module_for_descriptor(
            user,
            _get_mock_request(user),
            descriptor,
            field_data_cache,
            course.id,
            course=course
        )

    modules = yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(
        module,
        user.id,
        inner_get_module
    )
    return _calculate_score_for_modules(user.id, course, modules)

def get_entrance_exam_score(request, course):
    """
    Gather the set of modules which comprise the entrance exam
    Note that 'request' may not actually be a genuine request, due to the
    circular nature of module_render calling entrance_exams and get_module_for_descriptor
    being used here.  In some use cases, the caller is actually mocking a request, although
    in these scenarios the 'user' child object can be trusted and used as expected.
    It's a much larger refactoring job to break this legacy mess apart, unfortunately.
    """
    exam_key = UsageKey.from_string(course.entrance_exam_id)
    exam_descriptor = modulestore().get_item(exam_key)

    def inner_get_module(descriptor):
        """
        Delegate to get_module_for_descriptor (imported here to avoid circular reference)
        """
        from courseware.module_render import get_module_for_descriptor
        field_data_cache = FieldDataCache([descriptor], course.id, request.user)
        return get_module_for_descriptor(
            request.user,
            request,
            descriptor,
            field_data_cache,
            course.id,
            course=course
        )

    exam_module_generators = yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(
        exam_descriptor,
        request.user.id,
        inner_get_module
    )
    exam_modules = [module for module in exam_module_generators]
    return _calculate_entrance_exam_score(request.user, course, exam_modules)

def handle_item_deleted(**kwargs):
    """
    Receives the item_deleted signal sent by Studio when an XBlock is removed from
    the course structure and removes any gating milestone data associated with it or
    its descendants.

    Arguments:
        kwargs (dict): Contains the content usage key of the item deleted

    Returns:
        None
    """

    usage_key = kwargs.get('usage_key')
    if usage_key:
        # Strip branch info
        usage_key = usage_key.for_branch(None)
        course_key = usage_key.course_key
        deleted_module = modulestore().get_item(usage_key)
        for module in yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(deleted_module, kwargs.get('user_id')):
            # Remove prerequisite milestone data
            gating_api.remove_prerequisite(module.location)
            # Remove any 'requires' course content milestone relationships
            gating_api.set_required_content(course_key, module.location, None, None)

def _progress_summary(student, request, course, field_data_cache=None, scores_client=None):
    """
    Unwrapped version of "progress_summary".

    This pulls a summary of all problems in the course.

    Returns
    - courseware_summary is a summary of all sections with problems in the course.
    It is organized as an array of chapters, each containing an array of sections,
    each containing an array of scores. This contains information for graded and
    ungraded problems, and is good for displaying a course summary with due dates,
    etc.

    Arguments:
        student: A User object for the student to grade
        course: A Descriptor containing the course to grade

    If the student does not have access to load the course module, this function
    will return None.

    """
    with manual_transaction():
        if field_data_cache is None:
            field_data_cache = field_data_cache_for_grading(course, student)
        if scores_client is None:
            scores_client = ScoresClient.from_field_data_cache(field_data_cache)

        course_module = get_module_for_descriptor(
            student, request, course, field_data_cache, course.id, course=course
        )
        if not course_module:
            return None

        course_module = getattr(course_module, '_x_module', course_module)

    submissions_scores = sub_api.get_scores(course.id.to_deprecated_string(), anonymous_id_for_user(student, course.id))
    max_scores_cache = MaxScoresCache.create_for_course(course)
    # For the moment, we have to get scorable_locations from field_data_cache
    # and not from scores_client, because scores_client is ignorant of things
    # in the submissions API. As a further refactoring step, submissions should
    # be hidden behind the ScoresClient.
    max_scores_cache.fetch_from_remote(field_data_cache.scorable_locations)

    chapters = []
    locations_to_children = defaultdict(list)
    locations_to_weighted_scores = {}
    # Don't include chapters that aren't displayable (e.g. due to error)
    for chapter_module in course_module.get_display_items():
        # Skip if the chapter is hidden
        if chapter_module.hide_from_toc:
            continue

        sections = []
        for section_module in chapter_module.get_display_items():
            # Skip if the section is hidden
            with manual_transaction():
                if section_module.hide_from_toc:
                    continue

                graded = section_module.graded
                scores = []

                module_creator = section_module.xmodule_runtime.get_module

                for module_descriptor in yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(
                        section_module, student.id, module_creator
                ):
                    locations_to_children[module_descriptor.parent].append(module_descriptor.location)
                    (correct, total) = get_score(
                        student,
                        module_descriptor,
                        module_creator,
                        scores_client,
                        submissions_scores,
                        max_scores_cache,
                    )
                    if correct is None and total is None:
                        continue

                    weighted_location_score = Score(
                        correct,
                        total,
                        graded,
                        module_descriptor.display_name_with_default,
                        module_descriptor.location
                    )

                    scores.append(weighted_location_score)
                    locations_to_weighted_scores[module_descriptor.location] = weighted_location_score

                scores.reverse()
                section_total, _ = graders.aggregate_scores(
                    scores, section_module.display_name_with_default)

                module_format = section_module.format if section_module.format is not None else ''
                sections.append({
                    'display_name': section_module.display_name_with_default,
                    'url_name': section_module.url_name,
                    'scores': scores,
                    'section_total': section_total,
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

def _grade(student, request, course, keep_raw_scores, field_data_cache, scores_client):
    """
    Unwrapped version of "grade"

    This grades a student as quickly as possible. It returns the
    output from the course grader, augmented with the final letter
    grade. The keys in the output are:

    course: a CourseDescriptor

    - grade : A final letter grade.
    - percent : The final percent for the class (rounded up).
    - section_breakdown : A breakdown of each section that makes
      up the grade. (For display)
    - grade_breakdown : A breakdown of the major components that
      make up the final grade. (For display)
    - keep_raw_scores : if True, then value for key 'raw_scores' contains scores
      for every graded module

    More information on the format is in the docstring for CourseGrader.
    """
    if field_data_cache is None:
        with manual_transaction():
            field_data_cache = field_data_cache_for_grading(course, student)
    if scores_client is None:
        scores_client = ScoresClient.from_field_data_cache(field_data_cache)

    # Dict of item_ids -> (earned, possible) point tuples. This *only* grabs
    # scores that were registered with the submissions API, which for the moment
    # means only openassessment (edx-ora2)
    submissions_scores = sub_api.get_scores(course.id.to_deprecated_string(), anonymous_id_for_user(student, course.id))
    max_scores_cache = MaxScoresCache.create_for_course(course)
    # For the moment, we have to get scorable_locations from field_data_cache
    # and not from scores_client, because scores_client is ignorant of things
    # in the submissions API. As a further refactoring step, submissions should
    # be hidden behind the ScoresClient.
    max_scores_cache.fetch_from_remote(field_data_cache.scorable_locations)

    grading_context = course.grading_context
    raw_scores = []

    totaled_scores = {}
    # This next complicated loop is just to collect the totaled_scores, which is
    # passed to the grader
    for section_format, sections in grading_context['graded_sections'].iteritems():
        format_scores = []
        for section in sections:
            section_descriptor = section['section_descriptor']
            section_name = section_descriptor.display_name_with_default

            # some problems have state that is updated independently of interaction
            # with the LMS, so they need to always be scored. (E.g. foldit.,
            # combinedopenended)
            should_grade_section = any(
                descriptor.always_recalculate_grades for descriptor in section['xmoduledescriptors']
            )

            # If there are no problems that always have to be regraded, check to
            # see if any of our locations are in the scores from the submissions
            # API. If scores exist, we have to calculate grades for this section.
            if not should_grade_section:
                should_grade_section = any(
                    descriptor.location.to_deprecated_string() in submissions_scores
                    for descriptor in section['xmoduledescriptors']
                )

            if not should_grade_section:
                should_grade_section = any(
                    descriptor.location in scores_client
                    for descriptor in section['xmoduledescriptors']
                )

            # If we haven't seen a single problem in the section, we don't have
            # to grade it at all! We can assume 0%
            if should_grade_section:
                scores = []

                def create_module(descriptor):
                    '''creates an XModule instance given a descriptor'''
                    # TODO: We need the request to pass into here. If we could forego that, our arguments
                    # would be simpler
                    return get_module_for_descriptor(
                        student, request, descriptor, field_data_cache, course.id, course=course
                    )

                descendants = yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(section_descriptor, student.id, create_module)
                for module_descriptor in descendants:
                    (correct, total) = get_score(
                        student,
                        module_descriptor,
                        create_module,
                        scores_client,
                        submissions_scores,
                        max_scores_cache,
                    )
                    if correct is None and total is None:
                        continue

                    if settings.GENERATE_PROFILE_SCORES:    # for debugging!
                        if total > 1:
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

def _progress_summary(student, request, course):
    """
    Unwrapped version of "progress_summary".

    This pulls a summary of all problems in the course.

    Returns
    - courseware_summary is a summary of all sections with problems in the course.
    It is organized as an array of chapters, each containing an array of sections,
    each containing an array of scores. This contains information for graded and
    ungraded problems, and is good for displaying a course summary with due dates,
    etc.

    Arguments:
        student: A User object for the student to grade
        course: A Descriptor containing the course to grade

    If the student does not have access to load the course module, this function
    will return None.

    """
    with manual_transaction():
        field_data_cache = FieldDataCache.cache_for_descriptor_descendents(
            course.id, student, course, depth=None
        )
        # TODO: We need the request to pass into here. If we could
        # forego that, our arguments would be simpler
        course_module = get_module_for_descriptor(
            student, request, course, field_data_cache, course.id, course=course
        )
        if not course_module:
            # This student must not have access to the course.
            return None

        course_module = getattr(course_module, '_x_module', course_module)

    submissions_scores = sub_api.get_scores(course.id.to_deprecated_string(), anonymous_id_for_user(student, course.id))

    chapters = []
    # Don't include chapters that aren't displayable (e.g. due to error)
    for chapter_module in course_module.get_display_items():
        # Skip if the chapter is hidden
        if chapter_module.hide_from_toc:
            continue

        sections = []

        for section_module in chapter_module.get_display_items():
            # Skip if the section is hidden
            with manual_transaction():
                if section_module.hide_from_toc:
                    continue

                graded = section_module.graded
                scores = []

                module_creator = section_module.xmodule_runtime.get_module

                for module_descriptor in yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(
                        section_module, student.id, module_creator
                ):
                    course_id = course.id
                    (correct, total) = get_score(
                        course_id, student, module_descriptor, module_creator, scores_cache=submissions_scores
                    )
                    if correct is None and total is None:
                        continue

                    scores.append(
                        Score(
                            correct,
                            total,
                            graded,
                            module_descriptor.display_name_with_default,
                            module_descriptor.location
                        )
                    )

                scores.reverse()
                section_total, _ = graders.aggregate_scores(
                    scores, section_module.display_name_with_default)

                module_format = section_module.format if section_module.format is not None else ''
                sections.append({
                    'display_name': section_module.display_name_with_default,
                    'url_name': section_module.url_name,
                    'scores': scores,
                    'section_total': section_total,
                    'format': module_format,
                    'due': section_module.due,
                    'graded': graded,
                })

        chapters.append({
            'course': course.display_name_with_default,
            'display_name': chapter_module.display_name_with_default,
            'url_name': chapter_module.url_name,
            'sections': sections
        })

#.........这里部分代码省略.........

def get_grades(course,student):
	
	
	field_data_cache = field_data_cache_for_grading(course, student)
	scores_client = ScoresClient.from_field_data_cache(field_data_cache)

	grading_context = course.grading_context
    	raw_scores = []
	keep_raw_scores = None

   	 # Dict of item_ids -> (earned, possible) point tuples. This *only* grabs
    	 # scores that were registered with the submissions API, which for the moment
    	 # means only openassessment (edx-ora2)
    	submissions_scores = sub_api.get_scores(
            course.id.to_deprecated_string(),
            anonymous_id_for_user(student, course.id)
        )
        max_scores_cache = MaxScoresCache.create_for_course(course)


	## Fix for grading certificate subsection issue 
	tem_set = set()
        for set_item in field_data_cache.scorable_locations:
                set_item = set_item.version_agnostic()
                set_item = set_item.replace(branch=None)
                tem_set.update([set_item])
        field_data_cache.scorable_locations = tem_set

        # For the moment, we have to get scorable_locations from field_data_cache
        # and not from scores_client, because scores_client is ignorant of things
        # in the submissions API. As a further refactoring step, submissions should
        # be hidden behind the ScoresClient.
	max_scores_cache.fetch_from_remote(field_data_cache.scorable_locations)

    	totaled_scores = {}
	graded_total = []
    	# This next complicated loop is just to collect the totaled_scores, which is
    	# passed to the grader
    	for section_format, sections in grading_context['graded_sections'].iteritems():
       		format_scores = []
        	for section in sections:
            		section_descriptor = section['section_descriptor']
            		section_name = section_descriptor.display_name_with_default

            		# some problems have state that is updated independently of interaction
            		# with the LMS, so they need to always be scored. (E.g. foldit.,
            		# combinedopenended)
            		should_grade_section = any(
                		descriptor.always_recalculate_grades for descriptor in section['xmoduledescriptors']
            		)

            		# If there are no problems that always have to be regraded, check to
            		# see if any of our locations are in the scores from the submissions
            		# API. If scores exist, we have to calculate grades for this section.
            		if not should_grade_section:
                		should_grade_section = any(
                    			descriptor.location.to_deprecated_string() in submissions_scores
                    			for descriptor in section['xmoduledescriptors']
                		)

			## Fix for grading certificate subsection issue 
			for descriptor in section['xmoduledescriptors']:
                                descriptor.location = descriptor.location.version_agnostic()
                                descriptor.location =  descriptor.location.replace(branch=None)



            		if not should_grade_section:
                		
				should_grade_section = any(
                        					descriptor.location in scores_client
                        					for descriptor in section['xmoduledescriptors']
							)
            		# If we haven't seen a single problem in the section, we don't have
            		# to grade it at all! We can assume 0%
            		if should_grade_section:
                		scores = []

				try:
                                        create_module = section_descriptor.xmodule_runtime.get_module
                                except :

                                        def create_module(descriptor):
                                                '''creates an XModule instance given a descriptor'''
                                                #TODO: We need the request to pass into here. If we could forego that, our arguments
                                                # would be simpler

                                                pass

                		for module_descriptor in yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(section_descriptor, student.id, create_module):
					(correct, total) = get_score(
                            					student,
                            					module_descriptor,
                            					create_module,
                            					scores_client,
                            					submissions_scores,
                            					max_scores_cache,
							   )
					print "total==============",total
					print "correct================",correct
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

    def progress_summary(student, request, course, field_data_cache=None, scores_client=None, grading_type='vertical'):
        """
        This pulls a summary of all problems in the course.

        Returns
        - courseware_summary is a summary of all sections with problems in the course.
        It is organized as an array of chapters, each containing an array of sections,
        each containing an array of scores. This contains information for graded and
        ungraded problems, and is good for displaying a course summary with due dates,
        etc.

        Arguments:
            student: A User object for the student to grade
            course: A Descriptor containing the course to grade

        If the student does not have access to load the course module, this function
        will return None.

        """

        with manual_transaction():
            if field_data_cache is None:
                field_data_cache = field_data_cache_for_grading(course, student)
            if scores_client is None:
                scores_client = ScoresClient.from_field_data_cache(field_data_cache)

            course_module = get_module_for_descriptor(
                student, request, course, field_data_cache, course.id, course=course
            )
            if not course_module:
                return None

            course_module = getattr(course_module, '_x_module', course_module)

        submissions_scores = sub_api.get_scores(
            course.id.to_deprecated_string(), anonymous_id_for_user(student, course.id)
        )
        max_scores_cache = MaxScoresCache.create_for_course(course)
        # For the moment, we have to get scorable_locations from field_data_cache
        # and not from scores_client, because scores_client is ignorant of things
        # in the submissions API. As a further refactoring step, submissions should
        # be hidden behind the ScoresClient.
        max_scores_cache.fetch_from_remote(field_data_cache.scorable_locations)

        blocks_stack = [course_module]
        blocks_dict = {}

        while blocks_stack:
            curr_block = blocks_stack.pop()
            with manual_transaction():
                # Skip if the block is hidden
                if curr_block.hide_from_toc:
                    continue

                key = unicode(curr_block.scope_ids.usage_id)
                children = curr_block.get_display_items() if curr_block.category != grading_type else []
                block = {
                    'display_name': curr_block.display_name_with_default,
                    'block_type': curr_block.category,
                    'url_name': curr_block.url_name,
                    'children': [unicode(child.scope_ids.usage_id) for child in children],
                }

                if curr_block.category == grading_type:
                    graded = curr_block.graded
                    scores = []

                    module_creator = curr_block.xmodule_runtime.get_module
                    for module_descriptor in yield_dynamic_descriptor_descendants(
                            curr_block, student.id, module_creator
                    ):
                        (correct, total) = get_score(
                            student,
                            module_descriptor,
                            module_creator,
                            scores_client,
                            submissions_scores,
                            max_scores_cache,
                        )

                        if correct is None and total is None:
                            continue

                        scores.append(
                            Score(
                                correct,
                                total,
                                graded,
                                module_descriptor.display_name_with_default,
                                module_descriptor.location
                            )
                        )

                    scores.reverse()
                    total, _ = aggregate_scores(scores, curr_block.display_name_with_default)

                    module_format = curr_block.format if curr_block.format is not None else ''
                    block.update({
                        'scores': scores,
                        'total': total,
#.........这里部分代码省略.........