//引入命名空间
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

public class ExampleClass
{
   Stopwatch sw;
   
   public ExampleClass()
   {
      sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
      Console.WriteLine("Instantiated object");
   } 

   public void ShowDuration()
   {
      Console.WriteLine("This instance of {0} has been in existence for {1}",
                        this, sw.Elapsed);
   }
   
   ~ExampleClass()
   {
      Console.WriteLine("Finalizing object");
      sw.Stop();
      Console.WriteLine("This instance of {0} has been in existence for {1}",
                        this, sw.Elapsed);
   }
}

public class Demo
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      ExampleClass ex = new ExampleClass();
      ex.ShowDuration();
   }
}

//引入命名空间
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public class FileAssociationInfo : IDisposable
{
   // Private variables.
   private String ext;
   private String openCmd;
   private String args;
   private SafeRegistryHandle hExtHandle, hAppIdHandle;

   // Windows API calls.
   [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet= CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
   private static extern int RegOpenKeyEx(IntPtr hKey, 
                  String lpSubKey, int ulOptions, int samDesired,
                  out IntPtr phkResult);
   [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet= CharSet.Unicode, EntryPoint = "RegQueryValueExW",
              SetLastError=true)]
   private static extern int RegQueryValueEx(IntPtr hKey,
                  string lpValueName, int lpReserved, out uint lpType, 
                  string lpData, ref uint lpcbData);   
   [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
   private static extern int RegSetValueEx(IntPtr hKey, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpValueName,
                  int Reserved, uint dwType, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpData,
                  int cpData);
   [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
   private static extern int RegCloseKey(UIntPtr hKey);

   // Windows API constants.
   private const int HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT = unchecked((int) 0x80000000);
   private const int ERROR_SUCCESS = 0;

    private const int KEY_QUERY_VALUE = 1;
    private const int KEY_SET_VALUE = 0x2;
   
   private const uint REG_SZ = 1;
   
   private const int MAX_PATH = 260;
   
   public FileAssociationInfo(String fileExtension)
   {
      int retVal = 0;
      uint lpType = 0;
                  
      if (!fileExtension.StartsWith("."))
             fileExtension = "." + fileExtension;
      ext = fileExtension;
       
      IntPtr hExtension = IntPtr.Zero;
      // Get the file extension value.
      retVal = RegOpenKeyEx(new IntPtr(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT), fileExtension, 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE, out hExtension);
      if (retVal != ERROR_SUCCESS) 
         throw new Win32Exception(retVal);
      // Instantiate the first SafeRegistryHandle.
      hExtHandle = new SafeRegistryHandle(hExtension, true);
      
      string appId = new string(' ', MAX_PATH);
      uint appIdLength = (uint) appId.Length;
      retVal = RegQueryValueEx(hExtHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), String.Empty, 0, out lpType, appId, ref appIdLength);
      if (retVal != ERROR_SUCCESS)
         throw new Win32Exception(retVal);
      // We no longer need the hExtension handle.
      hExtHandle.Dispose();

      // Determine the number of characters without the terminating null.
      appId = appId.Substring(0, (int) appIdLength / 2 - 1) + @"\shell\open\Command";

      // Open the application identifier key.
      string exeName = new string(' ', MAX_PATH);
      uint exeNameLength = (uint) exeName.Length;
      IntPtr hAppId;
      retVal = RegOpenKeyEx(new IntPtr(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT), appId, 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_SET_VALUE,
                            out hAppId);
       if (retVal != ERROR_SUCCESS) 
         throw new Win32Exception(retVal);

      // Instantiate the second SafeRegistryHandle.
      hAppIdHandle = new SafeRegistryHandle(hAppId, true);

      // Get the executable name for this file type.
      string exePath = new string(' ', MAX_PATH);
      uint exePathLength = (uint) exePath.Length;
      retVal = RegQueryValueEx(hAppIdHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), String.Empty, 0, out lpType, exePath, ref exePathLength);
      if (retVal != ERROR_SUCCESS)
         throw new Win32Exception(retVal);
           
      // Determine the number of characters without the terminating null.
      exePath = exePath.Substring(0, (int) exePathLength / 2 - 1);
      // Remove any environment strings.
      exePath = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables(exePath);

      int position = exePath.IndexOf('%');
      if (position >= 0) {
         args = exePath.Substring(position);
         // Remove command line parameters ('%0', etc.).
         exePath = exePath.Substring(0, position).Trim();
      }
      openCmd = exePath;   
   }

   public String Extension
   { get { return ext; } }
   
   public String Open
   { get { return openCmd; } 
     set {
        if (hAppIdHandle.IsInvalid | hAppIdHandle.IsClosed)
           throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot write to registry key."); 
        if (! File.Exists(value)) {
           string message = String.Format("'{0}' does not exist", value);
           throw new FileNotFoundException(message); 
        }
        string cmd = value + " %1";
        int retVal = RegSetValueEx(hAppIdHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), String.Empty, 0, 
                                   REG_SZ, value, value.Length + 1);
        if (retVal != ERROR_SUCCESS)
           throw new Win32Exception(retVal);                          
     } }
   
   public void Dispose() 
   {
      Dispose(true);
      GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
   }   
   
   protected void Dispose(bool disposing)
   {
      // Ordinarily, we release unmanaged resources here; 
      // but all are wrapped by safe handles.
      
      // Release disposable objects.
      if (disposing) {
         if (hExtHandle != null) hExtHandle.Dispose();
         if (hAppIdHandle != null) hAppIdHandle.Dispose();
      }
   }
}