void CompositionTarget_Rendering(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    RenderingEventArgs args = (RenderingEventArgs)e;

    // It's possible for Rendering to call back twice in the same frame 
    // so only render when we haven't already rendered in this frame.
    if (d3dimg.IsFrontBufferAvailable && _lastRender != args.RenderingTime)
    {
        IntPtr pSurface = IntPtr.Zero;
        HRESULT.Check(GetBackBufferNoRef(out pSurface));
        if (pSurface != IntPtr.Zero)
        {
            d3dimg.Lock();
            // Repeatedly calling SetBackBuffer with the same IntPtr is 
            // a no-op. There is no performance penalty.
            d3dimg.SetBackBuffer(D3DResourceType.IDirect3DSurface9, pSurface);
            HRESULT.Check(Render());
            d3dimg.AddDirtyRect(new Int32Rect(0, 0, d3dimg.PixelWidth, d3dimg.PixelHeight));
            d3dimg.Unlock();

            _lastRender = args.RenderingTime;
        }
    }
}