static int Send_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, byte[] buf, int offset, int count, SocketFlags flags, out int error, bool blocking)
		{
			try {
				safeHandle.RegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
				return Send_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), buf, offset, count, flags, out error, blocking);
			} finally {
				safeHandle.UnRegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
			}
		}

		static int Available_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				return Available_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}

		static SocketAddress RemoteEndPoint_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, int family, out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				return RemoteEndPoint_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), family, out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}

		static int IOControl_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, int ioctl_code, byte [] input, byte [] output, out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				return IOControl_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), ioctl_code, input, output, out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}

		/* private constructor used by Accept, which already has a socket handle to use */
		internal Socket(AddressFamily family, SocketType type, ProtocolType proto, SafeSocketHandle safe_handle)
		{
			this.address_family = family;
			this.socket_type = type;
			this.protocol_type = proto;
			
			this.safe_handle = safe_handle;
			this.is_connected = true;
		}

		static int SendTo_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, SocketFlags flags, SocketAddress sa, out int error)
		{
			try {
				safeHandle.RegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
				return SendTo_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), buffer, offset, count, flags, sa, out error);
			} finally {
				safeHandle.UnRegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
			}
		}

		private static int RecvFrom_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle,
							    byte[] buffer,
							    int offset,
							    int count,
							    SocketFlags flags,
							    ref SocketAddress sockaddr,
							    out int error)
		{
			try {
				safeHandle.RegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
				return RecvFrom_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), buffer, offset, count, flags, ref sockaddr, out error);
			} finally {
				safeHandle.UnRegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
			}
		}

		public Socket (SocketInformation socketInformation)
		{
			var options = socketInformation.Options;
			islistening = (options & SocketInformationOptions.Listening) != 0;
			connected   = (options & SocketInformationOptions.Connected) != 0;
			blocking    = (options & SocketInformationOptions.NonBlocking) == 0;
			useoverlappedIO = (options & SocketInformationOptions.UseOnlyOverlappedIO) != 0;

			var result = Mono.DataConverter.Unpack ("iiiil", socketInformation.ProtocolInformation, 0);
			
			address_family = (AddressFamily) (int) result [0];
			socket_type = (SocketType) (int) result [1];
			protocol_type = (ProtocolType) (int) result [2];
			isbound = (ProtocolType) (int) result [3] != 0;
			socket = new SafeSocketHandle ((IntPtr) (long) result [4], true);
			SocketDefaults ();
		}

		private static void GetSocketOption_arr_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle,
			SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOptionName name, ref byte[] byte_val,
			out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				GetSocketOption_arr_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), level, name, ref byte_val, out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}

		IAsyncResult BeginConnect(EndPoint end_point, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
		{
			if (disposed && closed)
				throw new ObjectDisposedException (GetType ().ToString ());

			if (end_point == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("end_point");

			SocketAsyncResult req = new SocketAsyncResult (this, state, callback, SocketOperation.Connect);
			req.EndPoint = end_point;

			// Bug #75154: Connect() should not succeed for .Any addresses.
			if (end_point is IPEndPoint) {
				IPEndPoint ep = (IPEndPoint) end_point;
				if (ep.Address.Equals (IPAddress.Any) || ep.Address.Equals (IPAddress.IPv6Any)) {
					req.Complete (new SocketException ((int) SocketError.AddressNotAvailable), true);
					return req;
				}
			}

			int error = 0;
			if (connect_in_progress) {
				// This could happen when multiple IPs are used
				// Calling connect() again will reset the connection attempt and cause
				// an error. Better to just close the socket and move on.
				connect_in_progress = false;
				socket.Dispose ();
				var handle = Socket_internal (address_family, socket_type, protocol_type, out error);
				socket = new SafeSocketHandle (handle, true);
				if (error != 0)
					throw new SocketException (error);
			}
			bool blk = blocking;
			if (blk)
				Blocking = false;
			SocketAddress serial = end_point.Serialize ();
			Connect_internal (socket, serial, out error);
			if (blk)
				Blocking = true;
			if (error == 0) {
				// succeeded synch
				connected = true;
				isbound = true;
				req.Complete (true);
				return req;
			}

			if (error != (int) SocketError.InProgress && error != (int) SocketError.WouldBlock) {
				// error synch
				connected = false;
				isbound = false;
				req.Complete (new SocketException (error), true);
				return req;
			}

			// continue asynch
			connected = false;
			isbound = false;
			connect_in_progress = true;
			socket_pool_queue (Worker.Dispatcher, req);
			return req;
		}

		//internal Socket (AddressFamily family, SocketType type, ProtocolType proto, IntPtr sock)

		bool EnsureSocket ()
		{
			lock (_lock) {
				if (nl_sock != null)
					return true;
				IntPtr fd = CreateNLSocket ();
				if (fd.ToInt64 () == -1)
					return false;

				var safeHandle = new SafeSocketHandle (fd, true);

				nl_sock = new Socket (0, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Udp, safeHandle);
				nl_args = new SocketAsyncEventArgs ();
				nl_args.SetBuffer (new byte [8192], 0, 8192);
				nl_args.Completed += OnDataAvailable;
				nl_sock.ReceiveAsync (nl_args);
			}
			return true;
		}

		public Socket(AddressFamily addressFamily, SocketType socketType, ProtocolType protocolType)
		{
			this.address_family = addressFamily;
			this.socket_type = socketType;
			this.protocol_type = protocolType;

			int error;
			this.safe_handle = new SafeSocketHandle (Socket_internal (addressFamily, socketType, protocolType, out error), true);

			if (error != 0)
				throw new SocketException (error);

			SocketDefaults ();
		}

		static int Receive_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, WSABUF[] bufarray, SocketFlags flags, out int error)
		{
			try {
				safeHandle.RegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
				return Receive_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), bufarray, flags, out error);
			} finally {
				safeHandle.UnRegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
			}
		}

		static SafeSocketHandle Accept_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, out int error, bool blocking)
		{
			try {
				safeHandle.RegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
				var ret = Accept_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), out error, blocking);
				return new SafeSocketHandle (ret, true);
			} finally {
				safeHandle.UnRegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
			}
		}

		private static void Bind_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, SocketAddress sa, out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				Bind_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), sa, out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}

		static int Send_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, WSABUF[] bufarray, SocketFlags flags, out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				return Send_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), bufarray, flags, out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}

		static void Listen_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, int backlog, out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				Listen_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), backlog, out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}

		static bool SendFile_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, string filename, byte [] pre_buffer, byte [] post_buffer, TransmitFileOptions flags)
		{
			try {
				safeHandle.RegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
				return SendFile_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), filename, pre_buffer, post_buffer, flags);
			} finally {
				safeHandle.UnRegisterForBlockingSyscall ();
			}
		}

		public IAsyncResult BeginConnect (EndPoint end_point, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
		{
			ThrowIfDisposedAndClosed ();

			if (end_point == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("end_point");

			SocketAsyncResult sockares = new SocketAsyncResult (this, callback, state, SocketOperation.Connect) {
				EndPoint = end_point,
			};

			// Bug #75154: Connect() should not succeed for .Any addresses.
			if (end_point is IPEndPoint) {
				IPEndPoint ep = (IPEndPoint) end_point;
				if (ep.Address.Equals (IPAddress.Any) || ep.Address.Equals (IPAddress.IPv6Any)) {
					sockares.Complete (new SocketException ((int) SocketError.AddressNotAvailable), true);
					return sockares;
				}
			}

			int error = 0;

			if (connect_in_progress) {
				// This could happen when multiple IPs are used
				// Calling connect() again will reset the connection attempt and cause
				// an error. Better to just close the socket and move on.
				connect_in_progress = false;
				safe_handle.Dispose ();
				safe_handle = new SafeSocketHandle (Socket_internal (address_family, socket_type, protocol_type, out error), true);
				if (error != 0)
					throw new SocketException (error);
			}

			bool blk = is_blocking;
			if (blk)
				Blocking = false;
			Connect_internal (safe_handle, end_point.Serialize (), out error);
			if (blk)
				Blocking = true;

			if (error == 0) {
				// succeeded synch
				is_connected = true;
				is_bound = true;
				sockares.Complete (true);
				return sockares;
			}

			if (error != (int) SocketError.InProgress && error != (int) SocketError.WouldBlock) {
				// error synch
				is_connected = false;
				is_bound = false;
				sockares.Complete (new SocketException (error), true);
				return sockares;
			}

			// continue asynch
			is_connected = false;
			is_bound = false;
			connect_in_progress = true;

			IOSelector.Add (sockares.Handle, new IOSelectorJob (IOOperation.Write, BeginConnectCallback, sockares));

			return sockares;
		}

		static void SetSocketOption_internal (SafeSocketHandle safeHandle, SocketOptionLevel level, SocketOptionName name, object obj_val, byte [] byte_val, int int_val, out int error)
		{
			bool release = false;
			try {
				safeHandle.DangerousAddRef (ref release);
				SetSocketOption_internal (safeHandle.DangerousGetHandle (), level, name, obj_val, byte_val, int_val, out error);
			} finally {
				if (release)
					safeHandle.DangerousRelease ();
			}
		}