/// <summary>
        /// Deserializes the given <paramref name="complexValue"/> under the given <paramref name="readContext"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="complexValue">The complex value to deserialize.</param>
        /// <param name="complexType">The EDM type of the complex value to read.</param>
        /// <param name="readContext">The deserializer context.</param>
        /// <returns>The deserialized complex value.</returns>
        public virtual object ReadComplexValue(ODataComplexValue complexValue, IEdmComplexTypeReference complexType,
            ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (complexValue == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("complexValue");
            }

            if (readContext == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("readContext");
            }

            if (readContext.Model == null)
            {
                throw Error.Argument("readContext", SRResources.ModelMissingFromReadContext);
            }

            object complexResource = CreateResource(complexType, readContext);
            foreach (ODataProperty complexProperty in complexValue.Properties)
            {
                DeserializationHelpers.ApplyProperty(complexProperty, complexType, complexResource, DeserializerProvider, readContext);
            }
            return complexResource;
        }

        public void ReadJsonLight()
        {
            // Arrange
            var deserializer = new ODataEntityReferenceLinkDeserializer();
            MockODataRequestMessage requestMessage = new MockODataRequestMessage();
            ODataMessageWriterSettings writerSettings = new ODataMessageWriterSettings();
            writerSettings.SetContentType(ODataFormat.Json);
            IEdmModel model = CreateModel();
            ODataMessageWriter messageWriter = new ODataMessageWriter(requestMessage, writerSettings, model);
            messageWriter.WriteEntityReferenceLink(new ODataEntityReferenceLink { Url = new Uri("http://localhost/samplelink") });
            ODataMessageReader messageReader = new ODataMessageReader(new MockODataRequestMessage(requestMessage),
                new ODataMessageReaderSettings(), model);

            IEdmNavigationProperty navigationProperty = GetNavigationProperty(model);

            ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext
            {
                Path = new ODataPath(new NavigationPathSegment(navigationProperty))
            };

            // Act
            Uri uri = deserializer.Read(messageReader, context) as Uri;

            // Assert
            Assert.NotNull(uri);
            Assert.Equal("http://localhost/samplelink", uri.AbsoluteUri);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public override object Read(ODataMessageReader messageReader, Type type, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (messageReader == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("messageReader");
            }

            if (readContext == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("readContext");
            }

            IEdmNavigationProperty navigationProperty = GetNavigationProperty(readContext.Path);

            if (navigationProperty == null)
            {
                throw new SerializationException(SRResources.NavigationPropertyMissingDuringDeserialization);
            }

            ODataEntityReferenceLink entityReferenceLink = messageReader.ReadEntityReferenceLink(navigationProperty);

            if (entityReferenceLink != null)
            {
                return ResolveContentId(entityReferenceLink.Url, readContext);
            }

            return null;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public sealed override object ReadInline(object item, IEdmTypeReference edmType, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (readContext == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("readContext");
            }

            if (item == null)
            {
                return null;
            }

            ODataComplexValue complexValue = item as ODataComplexValue;
            if (complexValue == null)
            {
                throw Error.Argument("item", SRResources.ArgumentMustBeOfType, typeof(ODataComplexValue).Name);
            }

            if (!edmType.IsComplex())
            {
                throw Error.Argument("edmType", SRResources.ArgumentMustBeOfType, EdmTypeKind.Complex);
            }

            // Recursion guard to avoid stack overflows
            RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack();

            return ReadComplexValue(complexValue, edmType.AsComplex(), readContext);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public sealed override object ReadInline(object item, IEdmTypeReference edmType, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (item == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            if (edmType == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("edmType");
            }

            if (!edmType.IsCollection())
            {
                throw new SerializationException(
                    Error.Format(SRResources.TypeCannotBeDeserialized, edmType.ToTraceString(), typeof(ODataMediaTypeFormatter)));
            }

            IEdmCollectionTypeReference collectionType = edmType.AsCollection();
            IEdmTypeReference elementType = collectionType.ElementType();

            ODataCollectionValue collection = item as ODataCollectionValue;

            if (collection == null)
            {
                throw Error.Argument("item", SRResources.ArgumentMustBeOfType, typeof(ODataCollectionValue).Name);
            }

            // Recursion guard to avoid stack overflows
            RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack();

            return ReadCollectionValue(collection, elementType, readContext);
        }

 public void Can_find_action(string actionName, string url)
 {
     ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext { Request = GetPostRequest(url), Model = GetModel() };
     IEdmFunctionImport action = new ODataActionParameters().GetFunctionImport(context);
     Assert.NotNull(action);
     Assert.Equal(actionName, action.Name);
 }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public override object Read(ODataMessageReader messageReader, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (messageReader == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("messageReader");
            }

            if (readContext == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("readContext");
            }

            if (readContext.Path == null)
            {
                throw Error.Argument("readContext", SRResources.ODataPathMissing);
            }

            IEdmEntitySet entitySet = GetEntitySet(readContext.Path);

            if (entitySet == null)
            {
                throw new SerializationException(SRResources.EntitySetMissingDuringDeserialization);
            }

            ODataReader odataReader = messageReader.CreateODataEntryReader(entitySet, EntityType.EntityDefinition());
            ODataEntryWithNavigationLinks topLevelEntry = ReadEntryOrFeed(odataReader) as ODataEntryWithNavigationLinks;
            Contract.Assert(topLevelEntry != null);

            return ReadInline(topLevelEntry, readContext);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public sealed override object ReadInline(object item, IEdmTypeReference edmType, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (item == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            if (edmType == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("edmType");
            }
            if (!edmType.IsCollection() || !edmType.AsCollection().ElementType().IsEntity())
            {
                throw Error.Argument("edmType", SRResources.TypeMustBeEntityCollection, edmType.ToTraceString(), typeof(IEdmEntityType).Name);
            }

            IEdmEntityTypeReference elementType = edmType.AsCollection().ElementType().AsEntity();

            ODataFeedWithEntries feed = item as ODataFeedWithEntries;
            if (feed == null)
            {
                throw Error.Argument("item", SRResources.ArgumentMustBeOfType, typeof(ODataFeedWithEntries).Name);
            }

            // Recursion guard to avoid stack overflows
            RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack();

            return ReadFeed(feed, elementType, readContext);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public sealed override object ReadInline(object item, IEdmTypeReference edmType, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (item == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("item");
            }
            if (edmType == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("edmType");
            }
            if (!edmType.IsEntity())
            {
                throw Error.Argument("edmType", SRResources.ArgumentMustBeOfType, EdmTypeKind.Entity);
            }

            ODataEntryWithNavigationLinks entryWrapper = item as ODataEntryWithNavigationLinks;
            if (entryWrapper == null)
            {
                throw Error.Argument("item", SRResources.ArgumentMustBeOfType, typeof(ODataEntry).Name);
            }

            // Recursion guard to avoid stack overflows
            RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack();

            return ReadEntry(entryWrapper, edmType.AsEntity(), readContext);
        }

        public void Can_deserialize_payload_with_primitive_parameters()
        {
            string actionName = "Primitive";
            int quantity = 1;
            string productCode = "PCode";
            string body = "{" + string.Format(@" ""Quantity"": {0} , ""ProductCode"": ""{1}"" ", quantity, productCode) + "}";

            ODataMessageWrapper message = new ODataMessageWrapper(GetStringAsStream(body));
            message.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;odata=verbose");

            IEdmModel model = GetModel();
            ODataMessageReader reader = new ODataMessageReader(message as IODataRequestMessage, new ODataMessageReaderSettings(), model);
            ODataActionPayloadDeserializer deserializer = new ODataActionPayloadDeserializer(new DefaultODataDeserializerProvider());
            ODataPath path = CreatePath(model, actionName);
            ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext { Path = path, Model = model };
            ODataActionParameters payload = deserializer.Read(reader, context) as ODataActionParameters;

            Assert.NotNull(payload);
            Assert.Same(
                model.EntityContainers().Single().FunctionImports().SingleOrDefault(f => f.Name == "Primitive"),
                ODataActionPayloadDeserializer.GetFunctionImport(context));
            Assert.True(payload.ContainsKey("Quantity"));
            Assert.Equal(quantity, payload["Quantity"]);
            Assert.True(payload.ContainsKey("ProductCode"));
            Assert.Equal(productCode, payload["ProductCode"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Deserializes the given <paramref name="collectionValue"/> under the given <paramref name="readContext"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="collectionValue">The <see cref="ODataCollectionValue"/> to deserialize.</param>
        /// <param name="readContext">The deserializer context.</param>
        /// <returns>The deserialized collection.</returns>
        public virtual IEnumerable ReadCollectionValue(ODataCollectionValue collectionValue, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (collectionValue == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("collectionValue");
            }

            ODataEdmTypeDeserializer deserializer = DeserializerProvider.GetEdmTypeDeserializer(ElementType);
            if (deserializer == null)
            {
                throw new SerializationException(
                    Error.Format(SRResources.TypeCannotBeDeserialized, ElementType.FullName(), typeof(ODataMediaTypeFormatter).Name));
            }

            foreach (object entry in collectionValue.Items)
            {
                if (ElementType.IsPrimitive())
                {
                    yield return entry;
                }
                else
                {
                    yield return deserializer.ReadInline(entry, readContext);
                }
            }
        }

        internal static void ApplyProperty(ODataProperty property, IEdmStructuredTypeReference resourceType, object resource, ODataDeserializerProvider deserializerProvider, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            IEdmProperty edmProperty = resourceType.FindProperty(property.Name);

            string propertyName = property.Name;
            IEdmTypeReference propertyType = edmProperty != null ? edmProperty.Type : null; // open properties have null values

            // If we are in patch mode and we are deserializing an entity object then we are updating Delta<T> and not T.
            bool isDelta = readContext.IsPatchMode && resourceType.IsEntity();

            EdmTypeKind propertyKind;
            object value = ConvertValue(property.Value, ref propertyType, deserializerProvider, readContext, out propertyKind);

            if (propertyKind == EdmTypeKind.Collection)
            {
                SetCollectionProperty(resource, propertyName, isDelta, value);
            }
            else
            {
                if (propertyKind == EdmTypeKind.Primitive)
                {
                    value = EdmPrimitiveHelpers.ConvertPrimitiveValue(value, GetPropertyType(resource, propertyName, isDelta));
                }

                SetProperty(resource, propertyName, isDelta, value);
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public override object Read(ODataMessageReader messageReader, Type type, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            if (messageReader == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("messageReader");
            }

            IEdmTypeReference edmType = readContext.GetEdmType(type);
            Contract.Assert(edmType != null);

            if (!edmType.IsCollection())
            {
                throw Error.Argument("type", SRResources.ArgumentMustBeOfType, EdmTypeKind.Collection);
            }

            IEdmCollectionTypeReference collectionType = edmType.AsCollection();
            IEdmTypeReference elementType = collectionType.ElementType();

            IEnumerable result = ReadInline(ReadCollection(messageReader, elementType), edmType, readContext) as IEnumerable;
            if (result != null && readContext.IsUntyped && elementType.IsComplex())
            {
                EdmComplexObjectCollection complexCollection = new EdmComplexObjectCollection(collectionType);
                foreach (EdmComplexObject complexObject in result)
                {
                    complexCollection.Add(complexObject);
                }
                return complexCollection;
            }

            return result;
        }

        internal static void ApplyProperty(ODataProperty property, IEdmStructuredTypeReference resourceType, object resource,
            ODataDeserializerProvider deserializerProvider, ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
        {
            IEdmProperty edmProperty = resourceType.FindProperty(property.Name);

            string propertyName = property.Name;
            IEdmTypeReference propertyType = edmProperty != null ? edmProperty.Type : null; // open properties have null values

            EdmTypeKind propertyKind;
            object value = ConvertValue(property.Value, ref propertyType, deserializerProvider, readContext, out propertyKind);

            if (propertyKind == EdmTypeKind.Collection)
            {
                SetCollectionProperty(resource, edmProperty, value);
            }
            else
            {
                if (propertyKind == EdmTypeKind.Primitive && !readContext.IsUntyped)
                {
                    value = EdmPrimitiveHelpers.ConvertPrimitiveValue(value, GetPropertyType(resource, propertyName));
                }

                SetProperty(resource, propertyName, value);
            }
        }

 internal static void RecurseEnter(ODataDeserializerContext readContext)
 {
     if (!readContext.IncrementCurrentReferenceDepth())
     {
         throw Error.InvalidOperation(SRResources.RecursionLimitExceeded);
     }
 }

        public void Can_deserialize_payload_with_complex_parameters()
        {
            string actionName = "Complex";
            string body = @"{ ""Quantity"": 1 , ""Address"": { ""StreetAddress"":""1 Microsoft Way"", ""City"": ""Redmond"", ""State"": ""WA"", ""ZipCode"": 98052 } }";

            ODataMessageWrapper message = new ODataMessageWrapper(GetStringAsStream(body));
            message.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;odata=verbose");
            IEdmModel model = GetModel();
            ODataMessageReader reader = new ODataMessageReader(message as IODataRequestMessage, new ODataMessageReaderSettings(), model);

            ODataActionPayloadDeserializer deserializer = new ODataActionPayloadDeserializer(typeof(ODataActionParameters), new DefaultODataDeserializerProvider(model));
            string url = "http://server/service/Customers(10)/" + actionName;
            HttpRequestMessage request = GetPostRequest(url);
            ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext { Request = request, Model = model };
            ODataActionParameters payload = deserializer.Read(reader, context) as ODataActionParameters;

            Assert.NotNull(payload);
            Assert.Same(model.EntityContainers().Single().FunctionImports().SingleOrDefault(f => f.Name == "Complex"), payload.GetFunctionImport(context));
            Assert.True(payload.ContainsKey("Quantity"));
            Assert.Equal(1, payload["Quantity"]);
            Assert.True(payload.ContainsKey("Address"));
            MyAddress address = payload["Address"] as MyAddress;
            Assert.NotNull(address);
            Assert.Equal("1 Microsoft Way", address.StreetAddress);
            Assert.Equal("Redmond", address.City);
            Assert.Equal("WA", address.State);
            Assert.Equal(98052, address.ZipCode);
        }

 public void Can_find_action(string actionName, string url)
 {
     IODataActionResolver resolver = new DefaultODataActionResolver();
     ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext { Request = GetPostRequest(url), Model = GetModel() };
     IEdmFunctionImport action = resolver.Resolve(context);
     Assert.NotNull(action);
     Assert.Equal(actionName, action.Name);
 }

 public void Throws_InvalidOperation_when_multiple_overloads_found()
 {
     ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext { Request = GetPostRequest("http://server/service/Vehicles/System.Web.Http.OData.Builder.TestModels.Car(8)/Park"), Model = GetModel() };
     InvalidOperationException ioe = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
     {
         IEdmFunctionImport action = new ODataActionParameters().GetFunctionImport(context);
     }, "Action resolution failed. Multiple actions matching the action identifier 'Park' were found. The matching actions are: org.odata.Container.Park, org.odata.Container.Park.");
 }

 public void Throws_InvalidOperation_when_action_not_found()
 {
     ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext { Request = GetPostRequest("http://server/service/MissingOperation"), Model = GetModel() };
     Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
     {
         IEdmFunctionImport action = new ODataActionParameters().GetFunctionImport(context);
     }, "The request URI 'http://server/service/MissingOperation' was not recognized as an OData path.");
 }

 public void Throws_Serialization_WhenPathNotFound()
 {
     ODataDeserializerContext context = new ODataDeserializerContext { Path = null };
     Assert.Throws<SerializationException>(() =>
     {
         IEdmFunctionImport action = ODataActionPayloadDeserializer.GetFunctionImport(context);
     }, "The operation cannot be completed because no ODataPath is available for the request.");
 }