def test_build_spends(self):
        # first, here is the tx database
        TX_DB = {}

        # create a coinbase Tx where we know the public & private key

        exponent = wif_to_secret_exponent("5JMys7YfK72cRVTrbwkq5paxU7vgkMypB55KyXEtN5uSnjV7K8Y")
        compressed = False

        public_key_sec = public_pair_to_sec(
            ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, exponent), compressed=compressed
        )

        the_coinbase_tx = Tx.coinbase_tx(public_key_sec, int(50 * 1e8), COINBASE_BYTES_FROM_80971)
        TX_DB[the_coinbase_tx.hash()] = the_coinbase_tx

        # now create a Tx that spends the coinbase

        compressed = False

        exponent_2 = int("137f3276686959c82b454eea6eefc9ab1b9e45bd4636fb9320262e114e321da1", 16)
        bitcoin_address_2 = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
            ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, exponent_2), compressed=compressed
        )

        self.assertEqual("12WivmEn8AUth6x6U8HuJuXHaJzDw3gHNZ", bitcoin_address_2)

        coins_from = [(the_coinbase_tx.hash(), 0, the_coinbase_tx.txs_out[0])]
        coins_to = [(int(50 * 1e8), bitcoin_address_2)]
        unsigned_coinbase_spend_tx = standard_tx(coins_from, coins_to)
        solver = build_hash160_lookup([exponent])

        coinbase_spend_tx = unsigned_coinbase_spend_tx.sign(solver)

        # now check that it validates
        self.assertEqual(coinbase_spend_tx.bad_signature_count(), 0)

        TX_DB[coinbase_spend_tx.hash()] = coinbase_spend_tx

        ## now try to respend from priv_key_2 to priv_key_3

        compressed = True

        exponent_3 = int("f8d39b8ecd0e1b6fee5a340519f239097569d7a403a50bb14fb2f04eff8db0ff", 16)
        bitcoin_address_3 = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
            ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, exponent_3), compressed=compressed
        )

        self.assertEqual("13zzEHPCH2WUZJzANymow3ZrxcZ8iFBrY5", bitcoin_address_3)

        coins_from = [(coinbase_spend_tx.hash(), 0, coinbase_spend_tx.txs_out[0])]
        unsigned_spend_tx = standard_tx(coins_from, [(int(50 * 1e8), bitcoin_address_3)])
        solver.update(build_hash160_lookup([exponent_2]))
        spend_tx = unsigned_spend_tx.sign(solver)

        # now check that it validates
        self.assertEqual(spend_tx.bad_signature_count(), 0)

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Bitcoin utilities. WARNING: obsolete. Use ku instead.")

    parser.add_argument('-a', "--address", help='show as Bitcoin address', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('-1', "--hash160", help='show as hash 160', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('-v', "--verbose", help='dump all information available', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('-w', "--wif", help='show as Bitcoin WIF', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('-n', "--uncompressed", help='show in uncompressed form', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('item', help='a WIF, secret exponent, X/Y public pair, SEC (as hex), hash160 (as hex), Bitcoin address', nargs="+")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    for c in args.item:
        # figure out what it is:
        #  - secret exponent
        #  - WIF
        #  - X/Y public key (base 10 or hex)
        #  - sec
        #  - hash160
        #  - Bitcoin address
        secret_exponent = parse_as_private_key(c)
        if secret_exponent:
            public_pair = ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(secp256k1.generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent)
            print("secret exponent: %d" % secret_exponent)
            print("  hex:           %x" % secret_exponent)
            print("WIF:             %s" % encoding.secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=True))
            print("  uncompressed:  %s" % encoding.secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=False))
        else:
            public_pair = parse_as_public_pair(c)
        if public_pair:
            bitcoin_address_uncompressed = encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(public_pair, compressed=False)
            bitcoin_address_compressed = encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(public_pair, compressed=True)
            print("public pair x:   %d" % public_pair[0])
            print("public pair y:   %d" % public_pair[1])
            print("  x as hex:      %x" % public_pair[0])
            print("  y as hex:      %x" % public_pair[1])
            print("y parity:        %s" % "odd" if (public_pair[1] & 1) else "even")
            print("key pair as sec: %s" % b2h(encoding.public_pair_to_sec(public_pair, compressed=True)))
            s = b2h(encoding.public_pair_to_sec(public_pair, compressed=False))
            print("  uncompressed:  %s\\\n                   %s" % (s[:66], s[66:]))
            hash160 = encoding.public_pair_to_hash160_sec(public_pair, compressed=True)
            hash160_unc = encoding.public_pair_to_hash160_sec(public_pair, compressed=False)
            myeccpoint = encoding.public_pair_to_sec(public_pair, compressed=True)
            myhash     = encoding.ripemd160( myeccpoint ).digest(  )
            print("BTSX PubKey:     %s" % BTS_ADDRESS_PREFIX + encoding.b2a_base58(myeccpoint + myhash[ :4 ]))
        else:
            hash160 = parse_as_address(c)
            hash160_unc = None
        if not hash160:
            sys.stderr.write("can't decode input %s\n" % c)
            sys.exit(1)
        print("hash160:         %s" % b2h(hash160))
        if hash160_unc:
            print("  uncompressed:  %s" % b2h(hash160_unc))
        print("Bitcoin address: %s" % encoding.hash160_sec_to_bitcoin_address(hash160))
        if hash160_unc:
            print("  uncompressed:  %s" % encoding.hash160_sec_to_bitcoin_address(hash160_unc))

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        """Create an address for this color <color_set> and index <index>
        with the pycoin_wallet <pycoin_wallet> and on testnet or not
        <testnet>
        The address record returned for the same variables
        will be the same every time, hence "deterministic".
        """
        super(BIP0032AddressRecord, self).__init__(**kwargs)

        pycoin_wallet = kwargs.get('pycoin_wallet')
        color_string = hashlib.sha256(self.color_set.get_earliest()).digest()

        self.index = kwargs.get('index')

        # use the hash of the color string to get the subkey we need
        while len(color_string):
            # XXX 'number' was to large, have a feeling this will break compatibility
            number = int(color_string[:4].encode('hex'), 16) & (0x80000000-0x1)
            pycoin_wallet = pycoin_wallet.subkey(i=number, as_private=True)
            color_string = color_string[4:]

        # now get the nth address in this wallet
        pycoin_wallet = pycoin_wallet.subkey(i=self.index, as_private=True)

        self.rawPrivKey = pycoin_wallet.secret_exponent()
        self.publicPoint = BasePoint * self.rawPrivKey
        self.address = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
            self.publicPoint.pair(),
            compressed=False,
            address_prefix=self.prefix
        )

 def importprivkey(self, wif):
     secret_exponent = wif_to_secret_exponent(wif) 
     public_pair = ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent)
     address = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(public_pair)
     secret_exponent = hex(secret_exponent)[2:].encode('utf8')
     self.insertaddress(address, secret_exponent)
     return address

    def test_build_spends(self):
        # create a coinbase Tx where we know the public & private key

        exponent = wif_to_secret_exponent("5JMys7YfK72cRVTrbwkq5paxU7vgkMypB55KyXEtN5uSnjV7K8Y")
        compressed = False

        public_key_sec = public_pair_to_sec(ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, exponent), compressed=compressed)

        the_coinbase_tx = Tx.coinbase_tx(public_key_sec, int(50 * 1e8), COINBASE_BYTES_FROM_80971)

        # now create a Tx that spends the coinbase

        compressed = False

        exponent_2 = int("137f3276686959c82b454eea6eefc9ab1b9e45bd4636fb9320262e114e321da1", 16)
        bitcoin_address_2 = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
                ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, exponent_2),
                compressed=compressed)

        self.assertEqual("12WivmEn8AUth6x6U8HuJuXHaJzDw3gHNZ", bitcoin_address_2)

        TX_DB = dict((tx.hash(), tx) for tx in [the_coinbase_tx])

        coins_from = [(the_coinbase_tx.hash(), 0)]
        coins_to = [(int(50 * 1e8), bitcoin_address_2)]
        coinbase_spend_tx = Tx.standard_tx(coins_from, coins_to, TX_DB, [exponent])
        coinbase_spend_tx.validate(TX_DB)

        ## now try to respend from priv_key_2 to priv_key_3

        compressed = True

        exponent_3 = int("f8d39b8ecd0e1b6fee5a340519f239097569d7a403a50bb14fb2f04eff8db0ff", 16)
        bitcoin_address_3 = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
                ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, exponent_3),
                compressed=compressed)

        self.assertEqual("13zzEHPCH2WUZJzANymow3ZrxcZ8iFBrY5", bitcoin_address_3)

        TX_DB = dict((tx.hash(), tx) for tx in [coinbase_spend_tx])

        spend_tx = Tx.standard_tx([(coinbase_spend_tx.hash(), 0)], [(int(50 * 1e8), bitcoin_address_3)], TX_DB, [exponent_2])

        spend_tx.validate(TX_DB)

    def parse_sig(script_hex):
        """Takes a hex string of the script signature and returns the corresponding user obj
        Its in the format: [3a05e435... 027efd7...]
                    where: [Signature,  Sec_pubkey]

        """         
        
        pubkey_hex = script_hex.split(' ')[1]
        sec = sec_to_public_pair(a2b_hex(pubkey_hex))
        addr = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(sec, address_prefix=NETWORK)
        return Username(addr)

 def do_test(as_public_pair, as_sec, is_compressed, as_hash160_sec, as_bitcoin_address):
     self.assertEqual(encoding.sec_to_public_pair(as_sec), as_public_pair)
     self.assertEqual(encoding.public_pair_to_sec(as_public_pair, compressed=is_compressed), as_sec)
     self.assertEqual(encoding.is_sec_compressed(as_sec), is_compressed)
     self.assertEqual(encoding.public_pair_to_hash160_sec(as_public_pair, compressed=is_compressed),
                      as_hash160_sec)
     self.assertEqual(encoding.hash160_sec_to_bitcoin_address(as_hash160_sec), as_bitcoin_address)
     self.assertEqual(encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(as_public_pair, compressed=is_compressed), as_bitcoin_address)
     self.assertTrue(encoding.is_valid_bitcoin_address(as_bitcoin_address))
     bad_address = as_bitcoin_address[:17] + chr(ord(as_bitcoin_address[17]) + 1) + as_bitcoin_address[18:]
     self.assertFalse(encoding.is_valid_bitcoin_address(bad_address))

        def do_test(exp_hex, wif, c_wif, public_pair_sec, c_public_pair_sec, address_b58, c_address_b58):
            secret_exponent = int(exp_hex, 16)
            sec = h2b(public_pair_sec)
            c_sec = h2b(c_public_pair_sec)

            self.assertEqual(secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=False), wif)
            self.assertEqual(secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=True), c_wif)

            exponent, compressed = wif_to_tuple_of_secret_exponent_compressed(wif)
            self.assertEqual(exponent, secret_exponent)
            self.assertFalse(compressed)

            exponent, compressed = wif_to_tuple_of_secret_exponent_compressed(c_wif)
            self.assertEqual(exponent, secret_exponent)
            self.assertTrue(compressed)

            public_pair = secret_exponent * secp256k1_generator

            pk_public_pair = sec_to_public_pair(sec)
            compressed = is_sec_compressed(sec)
            self.assertEqual(pk_public_pair, public_pair)
            self.assertFalse(is_sec_compressed(sec))
            self.assertEqual(public_pair_to_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=False), sec)

            pk_public_pair = sec_to_public_pair(c_sec)
            compressed = is_sec_compressed(c_sec)
            self.assertEqual(pk_public_pair, public_pair)
            self.assertTrue(compressed)
            self.assertEqual(public_pair_to_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=True), c_sec)

            bca = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(pk_public_pair, compressed=True)
            self.assertEqual(bca, c_address_b58)

            self.assertEqual(bitcoin_address_to_hash160_sec(c_address_b58),
                             public_pair_to_hash160_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=True))

            bca = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(pk_public_pair, compressed=False)
            self.assertEqual(bca, address_b58)

            self.assertEqual(bitcoin_address_to_hash160_sec(address_b58),
                             public_pair_to_hash160_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=False))

        def do_test(exp_hex, wif, c_wif, public_pair_sec, c_public_pair_sec, address_b58, c_address_b58):
            secret_exponent = int(exp_hex, 16)
            sec = binascii.unhexlify(public_pair_sec)
            c_sec = binascii.unhexlify(c_public_pair_sec)

            self.assertEqual(secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=False), wif)
            self.assertEqual(secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=True), c_wif)

            exponent, compressed = wif_to_tuple_of_secret_exponent_compressed(wif)
            self.assertEqual(exponent, secret_exponent)
            self.assertFalse(compressed)

            exponent, compressed = wif_to_tuple_of_secret_exponent_compressed(c_wif)
            self.assertEqual(exponent, secret_exponent)
            self.assertTrue(compressed)

            public_pair = public_pair_for_secret_exponent(generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent)

            pk_public_pair = public_pair_from_sec(sec)
            compressed = is_sec_compressed(sec)
            self.assertEqual(pk_public_pair, public_pair)
            self.assertFalse(is_sec_compressed(sec))
            self.assertEqual(public_pair_to_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=False), sec)

            pk_public_pair = public_pair_from_sec(c_sec)
            compressed = is_sec_compressed(c_sec)
            self.assertEqual(pk_public_pair, public_pair)
            self.assertTrue(compressed)
            self.assertEqual(public_pair_to_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=True), c_sec)

            bca = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(pk_public_pair, compressed=True)
            self.assertEqual(bca, c_address_b58)

            self.assertEqual(bitcoin_address_to_ripemd160_sha_sec(c_address_b58), public_pair_to_ripemd160_sha_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=True))

            bca = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(pk_public_pair, compressed=False)
            self.assertEqual(bca, address_b58)

            self.assertEqual(bitcoin_address_to_ripemd160_sha_sec(address_b58), public_pair_to_ripemd160_sha_sec(pk_public_pair, compressed=False))

def add_signature_annotations(annotations, signature_blob, signature_for_hash_type_f, output_script):
    sig_pair, sig_type = parse_signature_blob(signature_blob)
    annotations.append("r: {0:#066x}".format(sig_pair[0]))
    annotations.append("s: {0:#066x}".format(sig_pair[1]))
    sig_hash = signature_for_hash_type_f(sig_type, output_script)
    annotations.append("z: {0:#066x}".format(sig_hash))
    annotations.append("signature type %s" % sighash_type_to_string(sig_type))
    addresses = []
    pairs = possible_public_pairs_for_signature(generator_secp256k1, sig_hash, sig_pair)
    for pair in pairs:
        for comp in (True, False):
            address = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(pair, compressed=comp, address_prefix=b'\0')
            addresses.append(address)
    annotations.append(" sig for %s" % " ".join(addresses))

 def bitcoin_address_for_script(self, is_test=False):
     try:
         r = self.match_script_to_templates()
         if len(r) != 1 or len(r[0]) != 2:
             return None
         if r[0][0] == opcodes.OP_PUBKEYHASH:
             return hash160_sec_to_bitcoin_address(r[0][1], is_test=is_test)
         if r[0][0] == opcodes.OP_PUBKEY:
             sec = r[0][1]
             return public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
                 sec_to_public_pair(sec),
                 compressed=is_sec_compressed(sec),
                 is_test=is_test)
     except SolvingError:
         pass
     return None

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        """Create a LooseAddressRecord for a given wallet <model>,
        color <color_set> and address <address_data>. Also let the constructor
        know whether it's on <testnet> (optional).
        <address_data> is the privKey in base58 format
        """
        super(LooseAddressRecord, self).__init__(**kwargs)

        bin_privkey = a2b_hashed_base58(kwargs['address_data'])
        key_type = bin_privkey[0]
        if key_type != self.prefix:
            raise InvalidAddressError
                
        self.rawPrivKey = from_bytes_32(bin_privkey[1:])
        self.publicPoint = BasePoint * self.rawPrivKey
        self.address = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
            self.publicPoint.pair(), compressed=False, is_test=self.testnet)

    def test_signature_hash(self):
        compressed = False
        exponent_2 = int("137f3276686959c82b454eea6eefc9ab1b9e45bd4636fb9320262e114e321da1", 16)
        bitcoin_address_2 = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(exponent_2 * secp256k1_generator, compressed=compressed)
        exponent = wif_to_secret_exponent("5JMys7YfK72cRVTrbwkq5paxU7vgkMypB55KyXEtN5uSnjV7K8Y")

        public_key_sec = public_pair_to_sec(exponent * secp256k1_generator, compressed=compressed)

        the_coinbase_tx = Tx.coinbase_tx(public_key_sec, int(50 * 1e8), COINBASE_BYTES_FROM_80971)
        coins_from = [(the_coinbase_tx.hash(), 0, the_coinbase_tx.txs_out[0])]
        coins_to = [(int(50 * 1e8), bitcoin_address_2)]
        unsigned_coinbase_spend_tx = standard_tx(coins_from, coins_to)

        tx_out_script_to_check = the_coinbase_tx.txs_out[0].script
        idx = 0
        actual_hash = unsigned_coinbase_spend_tx.signature_hash(tx_out_script_to_check, idx, hash_type=SIGHASH_ALL)
        self.assertEqual(actual_hash, 29819170155392455064899446505816569230970401928540834591675173488544269166940)

def msg_verify(args, parser):
    message_hash = get_message_hash(args)
    try:
        pair, is_compressed = pair_for_message(args.signature, msg_hash=message_hash, netcode=args.network)
    except encoding.EncodingError:
        pass
    prefix = address_prefix_for_netcode(args.network)
    ta = encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(pair, compressed=is_compressed, address_prefix=prefix)
    if args.address:
        if ta == args.address:
            print("signature ok")
            return 0
        else:
            print("bad signature, matches %s" % ta)
            return 1
    else:
        print(ta)

 def warp(self, passphrase, salt=""):
   """
   Return dictionary of WarpWallet public and private keys corresponding to
   the given passphrase and salt.
   """
   s1 = binascii.hexlify(self._scrypt(passphrase, salt))
   out = self._pbkdf2(passphrase, salt)
   s2 = binascii.hexlify(out)
   base = binascii.unhexlify(s1)
   s3 = binascii.hexlify(self._sxor(base,out))
   secret_exponent = int(s3, 16)
   public_pair = ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(secp256k1.generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent)
   private_key = encoding.secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=False)
   public_key = encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(public_pair, compressed=False)
   out = { "keys" : { "private_key" : private_key,
                      "public_key" : public_key },
           "seeds" : [s1, s2, s3],
           "passphrase" : passphrase,
           "salt" : salt }
   return out

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        """Create an address for this color <color_set>
        and index <index> with the master key <master_key>.
        The address record returned for the same three variables
        will be the same every time, hence "deterministic".
        """
        super(DeterministicAddressRecord, self).__init__(**kwargs)

        if len(self.color_set.get_data()) == 0:
            color_string = "genesis block"
        else:
            color_string = self.color_set.get_hash_string()

        self.index = kwargs.get('index')
        h = hmac.new(str(kwargs['master_key']),
                     "%s|%s" % (color_string, self.index), hashlib.sha256)
        string = h.digest()
        self.rawPrivKey = from_bytes_32(string)
        self.publicPoint = BasePoint * self.rawPrivKey
        self.address = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(self.publicPoint.pair(),
                                                      compressed=False,
                                                      is_test=self.testnet)

    def __call__(self, tx_out_script, signature_hash, signature_type):
        """Figure out how to create a signature for the incoming transaction, and sign it.

        tx_out_script: the tx_out script that needs to be "solved"
        signature_hash: the bignum hash value of the new transaction reassigning the coins
        signature_type: always SIGHASH_ALL (1)
        """

        if signature_hash == 0:
            raise SolvingError("signature_hash can't be 0")

        tx_script = TxScript(tx_out_script)
        opcode_value_list = tx_script.match_script_to_templates()

        ba = bytearray()

        compressed = True
        for opcode, v in opcode_value_list:
            if opcode == opcodes.OP_PUBKEY:
                public_pair = sec_to_public_pair(v)
                bitcoin_address = public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(public_pair, compressed=compressed)
            elif opcode == opcodes.OP_PUBKEYHASH:
                bitcoin_address = hash160_sec_to_bitcoin_address(v)
            else:
                raise SolvingError("can't determine how to sign this script")

            secret_exponent = self.wallet.getsecretexponent(bitcoin_address)

            r, s = ecdsa.sign(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent, signature_hash)
            sig = der.sigencode_der(r, s) + bytes_from_int(signature_type)
            ba += tools.compile(binascii.hexlify(sig).decode("utf8"))
            if opcode == opcodes.OP_PUBKEYHASH:
                public_pair = ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(ecdsa.generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent)
                ba += tools.compile(
                    binascii.hexlify(public_pair_to_sec(public_pair, compressed=compressed)).decode("utf8")
                )

        return bytes(ba)

def pubkey_to_address(pubkey_hex):
    sec = binascii.unhexlify(pubkey_hex)
    compressed = encoding.is_sec_compressed(sec)
    public_pair = encoding.sec_to_public_pair(sec)
    address_prefix = b'\x6f' if config.TESTNET else b'\x00'
    return encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(public_pair, compressed=compressed, address_prefix=address_prefix)

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Bitcoin utilities.")

    parser.add_argument("-a", "--address", help="show as Bitcoin address", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-1", "--hash160", help="show as hash 160", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", help="dump all information available", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-w", "--wif", help="show as Bitcoin WIF", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-n", "--uncompressed", help="show in uncompressed form", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-j", "--json", help="output in JSON format", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-t", help="interpret fields as test values", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-ltc", help="generate LTC address", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("-doge", help="generate DOGE address", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument(
        "item",
        help="a WIF, secret exponent, X/Y public pair, SEC (as hex), hash160 (as hex), Bitcoin address",
        nargs="+",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.ltc:
        args.t = "litecoin"
    else:
        if args.doge:
            if args.t:
                args.t = "dogetest"
            else:
                args.t = "doge"

    if args.json:
        print("{")
        argcount = len(args.item)
        i = 0
        for c in args.item:
            i = i + 1
            print('  "%s" : { ' % c)
            secret_exponent = parse_as_private_key(c)
            if secret_exponent:
                public_pair = ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(secp256k1.generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent)
                print('    "secret_exponent" : "%d",' % secret_exponent)
                print('    "secret_exponent_hex" : "%x",' % secret_exponent)
                print(
                    '    "wif" : "%s",'
                    % encoding.secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=True, is_test=args.t)
                )
                print(
                    '    "wif_uncompressed" : "%s",'
                    % encoding.secret_exponent_to_wif(secret_exponent, compressed=False, is_test=args.t)
                )
            else:
                public_pair = parse_as_public_pair(c)
            if public_pair:
                bitcoin_address_uncompressed = encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
                    public_pair, compressed=False, is_test=args.t
                )
                bitcoin_address_compressed = encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(
                    public_pair, compressed=True, is_test=args.t
                )
                print('    "public_pair_x" : "%d",' % public_pair[0])
                print('    "public_pair_y" : "%d",' % public_pair[1])
                print('    "x_as_hex" : "%x",' % public_pair[0])
                print('    "y_as_hex" : "%x",' % public_pair[1])
                if public_pair[1] & 1:
                    print('    "y_parity" : "odd",')
                else:
                    print('    "y_parity" : "even",')
                print('    "key_pair_as_sec" : "%s",' % b2h(encoding.public_pair_to_sec(public_pair, compressed=True)))
                hash160 = encoding.public_pair_to_hash160_sec(public_pair, compressed=True)
                hash160_unc = encoding.public_pair_to_hash160_sec(public_pair, compressed=False)
            else:
                hash160 = parse_as_address(c)
                hash160_unc = None
            if not hash160:
                print('  "error" : "cannot decode input %s",' % c)
            print('    "hash160" : "%s",' % b2h(hash160))
            if hash160_unc:
                print('    "hash160_uncompressed" : "%s",' % b2h(hash160_unc))
            if hash160_unc:
                # print('    "bitcoind_addr_uncompressed" : "%s",' % encoding.hash160_sec_to_bitcoin_address(hash160_unc))
                print('    "bitcoind_addr_uncompressed" : "%s",' % bitcoin_address_uncompressed)
            # print('    "bitcoin_addr" : "%s"' % encoding.hash160_sec_to_bitcoin_address(hash160))
            print('    "bitcoin_addr" : "%s"' % bitcoin_address_compressed)
            if i == argcount:
                print("  }")
            else:
                print("  },")
        print("}")
    else:
        for c in args.item:
            # figure out what it is:
            #  - secret exponent
            #  - WIF
            #  - X/Y public key (base 10 or hex)
            #  - sec
            #  - hash160
            #  - Bitcoin address
            secret_exponent = parse_as_private_key(c)
            if secret_exponent:
                public_pair = ecdsa.public_pair_for_secret_exponent(secp256k1.generator_secp256k1, secret_exponent)
                print("secret exponent: %d" % secret_exponent)
                print("  hex:           %x" % secret_exponent)
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

def pubkey_to_address(pubkey_hex):
    sec = binascii.unhexlify(pubkey_hex)
    compressed = encoding.is_sec_compressed(sec)
    public_pair = encoding.sec_to_public_pair(sec)
    return encoding.public_pair_to_bitcoin_address(public_pair, compressed=compressed)