public string SelectAction(ODataPath odataPath, HttpControllerContext controllerContext, ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
        {
            if (odataPath.PathTemplate != "~/entityset/key/property")
            {
                return null;
            }

            var entitySetPathSegment = odataPath.Segments.OfType<EntitySetPathSegment>().Single();
            var keyValuePathSegment = odataPath.Segments.OfType<KeyValuePathSegment>().Single();
            var propertyAccessPathSegment = odataPath.Segments.OfType<PropertyAccessPathSegment>().Single();

            var actionName = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "GetPropertyFrom{0}", entitySetPathSegment.EntitySetName);

            if (actionMap.Contains(actionName) && actionMap[actionName].Any(desc => MatchHttpMethod(desc, controllerContext.Request.Method)))
            {
                controllerContext.RouteData.Values.Add("propertyName", propertyAccessPathSegment.PropertyName);

                if (!CompositeODataKeyHelper.TryEnrichRouteValues(keyValuePathSegment.Value, controllerContext.RouteData.Values))
                {
                    controllerContext.RouteData.Values.Add("key", keyValuePathSegment.Value);
                }

                return actionName;
            }

            return null;
        }

        public static bool ShouldReplicateBlob(ILookup<string, string> headers, string container, string blob)
        {
            bool retval = false;
            if (DashConfiguration.IsBlobReplicationEnabled)
            {
                bool evaluated = false;
                string replicaMetadata = DashConfiguration.ReplicationMetadataName;
                if (headers != null && !String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(replicaMetadata))
                {
                    string replicateHeader = "x-ms-meta-" + replicaMetadata;
                    if (headers.Contains(replicateHeader))
                    {
                        retval = String.Equals(DashConfiguration.ReplicationMetadataValue, headers[replicateHeader].First(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                        evaluated = true;
                    }
                }
                if (!evaluated)
                {
                    if (_replicationPathExpression != null)
                    {
                        retval = _replicationPathExpression.IsMatch(PathUtils.CombineContainerAndBlob(container, blob));
                    }
                }

            }
            return retval;
        }

    private static ExplorerItem GetChildItem(ILookup<Type, ExplorerItem> elementTypeLookup, PropertyInfo childProp) {
      // If the property's type is in our list of entities, then it's a Many:1 (or 1:1) reference.
      // We'll assume it's a Many:1 (we can't reliably identify 1:1s purely from reflection).
      if (elementTypeLookup.Contains(childProp.PropertyType))
        return new ExplorerItem(childProp.Name, ExplorerItemKind.ReferenceLink, ExplorerIcon.ManyToOne) {
          HyperlinkTarget = elementTypeLookup[childProp.PropertyType].First(),
          // FormatTypeName is a helper method that returns a nicely formatted type name.
          ToolTipText = DataContextDriver.FormatTypeName(childProp.PropertyType, true)
        };

      // Is the property's type a collection of entities?
      Type ienumerableOfT = childProp.PropertyType.GetInterface("System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1");
      if (ienumerableOfT != null) {
        Type elementType = ienumerableOfT.GetGenericArguments()[0];
        if (elementTypeLookup.Contains(elementType))
          return new ExplorerItem(childProp.Name, ExplorerItemKind.CollectionLink, ExplorerIcon.OneToMany) {
            HyperlinkTarget = elementTypeLookup[elementType].First(),
            ToolTipText = DataContextDriver.FormatTypeName(elementType, true)
          };
      }

      // Ordinary property:
      var isKey = childProp.GetCustomAttributes(false).Any(a => a.GetType().Name == "KeyAttribute");
      return new ExplorerItem(childProp.Name + " (" + DataContextDriver.FormatTypeName(childProp.PropertyType, false) + ")",
        ExplorerItemKind.Property, isKey ? ExplorerIcon.Key : ExplorerIcon.Column) { DragText = childProp.Name };
    }

        /// <summary>
        /// Selects the action for OData requests.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="odataPath">The OData path.</param>
        /// <param name="controllerContext">The controller context.</param>
        /// <param name="actionMap">The action map.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>null</c> if the request isn't handled by this convention; otherwise, the name of the selected action
        /// </returns>
        public string SelectAction(ODataPath odataPath, HttpControllerContext controllerContext, ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
        {
            if (odataPath == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("odataPath");
            }

            if (controllerContext == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("controllerContext");
            }

            if (actionMap == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("actionMap");
            }

            if (odataPath.PathTemplate == "~")
            {
                return "GetServiceDocument";
            }

            if (odataPath.PathTemplate == "~/$metadata")
            {
                return "GetMetadata";
            }

            return null;
        }

            private static ViewComponentDescriptor Select(
                ILookup<string, ViewComponentDescriptor> candidates,
                string name)
            {
                var matches = candidates[name];

                var count = matches.Count();
                if (count == 0)
                {
                    return null;
                }
                else if (count == 1)
                {
                    return matches.Single();
                }
                else
                {
                    var matchedTypes = new List<string>();
                    foreach (var candidate in matches)
                    {
                        matchedTypes.Add(Resources.FormatViewComponent_AmbiguousTypeMatch_Item(
                            candidate.Type.FullName,
                            candidate.FullName));
                    }

                    var typeNames = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, matchedTypes);
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
                        Resources.FormatViewComponent_AmbiguousTypeMatch(name, Environment.NewLine, typeNames));
                }
            }

        protected virtual void AddDescendantNodes(
            ISiteMap siteMap,
            ISiteMapNode currentNode,
            IList<ISiteMapNodeToParentRelation> sourceNodes,
            ILookup<string, ISiteMapNodeToParentRelation> sourceNodesByParent,
            HashSet<string> nodesAlreadyAdded)
        {
            if (sourceNodes.Count == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            var children = sourceNodesByParent[currentNode.Key].OrderBy(x => x.Node.Order).ToArray();
            if (children.Count() == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            foreach (var child in children)
            {
                if (sourceNodes.Count == 0)
                {
                    return;
                }

                this.AddAndTrackNode(siteMap, child, currentNode, sourceNodes, nodesAlreadyAdded);

                if (sourceNodes.Count == 0)
                {
                    return;
                }

                this.AddDescendantNodes(siteMap, child.Node, sourceNodes, sourceNodesByParent, nodesAlreadyAdded);
            }
        }

 void AssertDescriptorMatches(ILookup<string, SecurityAttributeDescriptor> descriptors, string signature, ICustomAttributeProvider element)
 {
     if (descriptors.Contains(signature))
         AssertContainsAttribute(element, descriptors[signature].Single().AttributeTypeName);
     else
         AssertContainsNoAttribute(element);
 }

        public override string SelectAction(ODataPath odataPath, HttpControllerContext context,
            ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
        {
            if (context.Request.Method == HttpMethod.Get &&
                odataPath.PathTemplate == "~/entityset/key/navigation/key")
            {
                NavigationPathSegment navigationSegment = odataPath.Segments[2] as NavigationPathSegment;
                IEdmNavigationProperty navigationProperty = navigationSegment.NavigationProperty.Partner;
                IEdmEntityType declaringType = navigationProperty.DeclaringType as IEdmEntityType;

                string actionName = "Get" + declaringType.Name;
                if (actionMap.Contains(actionName))
                {
                    // Add keys to route data, so they will bind to action parameters.
                    KeyValuePathSegment keyValueSegment = odataPath.Segments[1] as KeyValuePathSegment;
                    context.RouteData.Values[ODataRouteConstants.Key] = keyValueSegment.Value;

                    KeyValuePathSegment relatedKeySegment = odataPath.Segments[3] as KeyValuePathSegment;
                    context.RouteData.Values[ODataRouteConstants.RelatedKey] = relatedKeySegment.Value;

                    return actionName;
                }
            }
            // Not a match.
            return null;
        }

 public string SelectAction(
     ODataPath odataPath,
     HttpControllerContext controllerContext,
     ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
 {
     return null;
 }

        /// <summary>
        /// Selects the appropriate action based on the parsed OData URI.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="odataPath">Parsed OData URI</param>
        /// <param name="controllerContext">Context for HttpController</param>
        /// <param name="actionMap">Mapping from action names to HttpActions</param>
        /// <returns>String corresponding to controller action name</returns>
        public string SelectAction(
            ODataPath odataPath,
            HttpControllerContext controllerContext,
            ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
        {
            // TODO GitHubIssue#44 : implement action selection for $ref, navigation scenarios, etc.
            Ensure.NotNull(odataPath, "odataPath");
            Ensure.NotNull(controllerContext, "controllerContext");
            Ensure.NotNull(actionMap, "actionMap");

            if (!(controllerContext.Controller is RestierController))
            {
                // RESTier cannot select action on controller which is not RestierController.
                return null;
            }

            HttpMethod method = controllerContext.Request.Method;

            if (method == HttpMethod.Get && !IsMetadataPath(odataPath))
            {
                return MethodNameOfGet;
            }

            ODataPathSegment lastSegment = odataPath.Segments.LastOrDefault();
            if (lastSegment != null && lastSegment.SegmentKind == ODataSegmentKinds.UnboundAction)
            {
                return MethodNameOfPostAction;
            }

            // Let WebAPI select default action
            return null;
        }

        public override string SelectAction(ODataPath odataPath, HttpControllerContext controllerContext, ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
        {
            var controllerType = controllerContext.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerType;

            if (typeof(CustomersController) == controllerType)
            {
                if (odataPath.PathTemplate.Equals("~/entityset/key/navigation")) //POST OR GET
                {
                    controllerContext.RouteData.Values["orderID"] = ((KeySegment)odataPath.Segments[1]).Keys.Single().Value;
                    return controllerContext.Request.Method.ToString();
                }
            }
            else if (typeof(OrdersController) == controllerType)
            {
                if (odataPath.PathTemplate.Equals("~/entityset/key/navigation")) //POST OR GET
                {
                    controllerContext.RouteData.Values["customerID"] = ((KeySegment)odataPath.Segments[1]).Keys.Single().Value;
                    return controllerContext.Request.Method.ToString();
                }
                if (odataPath.PathTemplate.Equals("~/entityset/key/navigation/key")) //PATCH OR DELETE
                {
                    controllerContext.RouteData.Values["customerID"] = ((KeySegment)odataPath.Segments[1]).Keys.Single().Value;

                    controllerContext.RouteData.Values["key"] = ((KeySegment)odataPath.Segments[3]).Keys.Single().Value;
                    return controllerContext.Request.Method.ToString();
                }
            }

            return base.SelectAction(odataPath, controllerContext, actionMap);
        }

            private static WidgetDescriptor Select(ILookup<string, WidgetDescriptor> candidates, string name)
            {
                var matches = candidates[name];

                var count = matches.Count();
                if (count == 0)
                {
                    return null;
                }
                else if (count == 1)
                {
                    return matches.Single();
                }
                else
                {
                    var matchedTypes = new List<string>();
                    foreach (var candidate in matches)
                    {
                        matchedTypes.Add($"Type: {candidate.Type.FullName}, Name: {candidate.FullName}");
                    }

                    var typeNames = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, matchedTypes);
                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"The widget name matched multiple types:{Environment.NewLine}{typeNames}");
                }
            }

 //计算各URI通过网关的成功率和时延,也可以指定uri
 public void getPostAndGetGateWay(Itemset hs, ILookup<string, string> m_dicTransactions)
 {
     var gn = from p in sqlserver_gn_table
              where p.Event_Type == 4
              where p.SynDirection == 0
              //where p.my_URI_Main=="qq.com" || p.my_URI_Main==string.Empty
              //group p by new { ABC = p.DEST_IP == 2885681162 } into ttt
              //group p by p.my_DEST_IP into ttt
              //where detail == true ? p.my_URI_Main == "10086.cn" : p.my_URI_Main != null
              where hs.Contains(p.Prefix_IMEI)
              group p by p.Prefix_IMEI into ttt
              select new
              {
                  //abc = ttt.Key.ABC.ToString(),
                  abc = ttt.Key.ToString(),
                  type = m_dicTransactions[ttt.Key.ToString()].Where(e => e.IndexOf("iphone") != -1|e.IndexOf("iPhone") != -1).FirstOrDefault(),
                  cnt = ttt.Count(),
                  suc = ttt.Where(e => e.Resp != null).Count(),
                  percent = 1.0 * ttt.Where(e => e.Resp != null).Count() / ttt.Count(),
                  uri_size = ttt.Average(e => e.my_URI_Len),
                  size = ttt.Average(e => e.IP_LEN_DL),  //这里只去下行
                  rate = ttt.Average(e => e.Duration) == null ? 0 :
                  1.0 * ttt.Average(e => e.IP_LEN_DL) / ttt.Average(e => (double)e.Duration),
                  delay = ttt.Average(e => e.Duration)  //这里不取第1个包
              };
     MicroObjectDumper.Write(gn.OrderByDescending(e => e.cnt));
 }

        public override string SelectAction(ODataPath odataPath, HttpControllerContext controllerContext, ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
        {
            var action = base.SelectAction(odataPath, controllerContext, actionMap);
            if (action != null)
            {
                var routeValues = controllerContext.RouteData.Values;
                if (routeValues.ContainsKey(ODataRouteConstants.Key))
                {
                    var keyRaw = routeValues[ODataRouteConstants.Key] as string;
                    IEnumerable<string> compoundKeyPairs = keyRaw.Split(',');
                    if (compoundKeyPairs == null || !compoundKeyPairs.Any())
                    {
                        return action;
                    }

                    foreach (var compoundKeyPair in compoundKeyPairs)
                    {
                        string[] pair = compoundKeyPair.Split('=');
                        if (pair == null || pair.Length != 2)
                        {
                            continue;
                        }
                        var keyName = pair[0].Trim();
                        var keyValue = pair[1].Trim();

                        routeValues.Add(keyName, keyValue);
                    }
                }
            }

            return action;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Selects the action for OData requests.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="odataPath">The OData path.</param>
        /// <param name="controllerContext">The controller context.</param>
        /// <param name="actionMap">The action map.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>null</c> if the request isn't handled by this convention; otherwise, the name of the selected action
        /// </returns>
        public override string SelectAction(ODataPath odataPath, HttpControllerContext controllerContext, ILookup<string, HttpActionDescriptor> actionMap)
        {
            if (odataPath == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("odataPath");
            }

            if (controllerContext == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("controllerContext");
            }

            if (actionMap == null)
            {
                throw Error.ArgumentNull("actionMap");
            }

            if (odataPath.PathTemplate == "~/entityset/key" ||
                odataPath.PathTemplate == "~/entityset/key/cast")
            {
                HttpMethod httpMethod = controllerContext.Request.Method;
                string httpMethodName;

                switch (httpMethod.ToString().ToUpperInvariant())
                {
                    case "GET":
                        httpMethodName = "Get";
                        break;
                    case "PUT":
                        httpMethodName = "Put";
                        break;
                    case "PATCH":
                    case "MERGE":
                        httpMethodName = "Patch";
                        break;
                    case "DELETE":
                        httpMethodName = "Delete";
                        break;
                    default:
                        return null;
                }

                Contract.Assert(httpMethodName != null);

                IEdmEntityType entityType = odataPath.EdmType as IEdmEntityType;

                // e.g. Try GetCustomer first, then fallback on Get action name
                string actionName = actionMap.FindMatchingAction(
                    httpMethodName + entityType.Name,
                    httpMethodName);

                if (actionName != null)
                {
                    KeyValuePathSegment keyValueSegment = odataPath.Segments[1] as KeyValuePathSegment;
                    controllerContext.RouteData.Values[ODataRouteConstants.Key] = keyValueSegment.Value;
                    return actionName;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        public ContentTypeDetector(IEnumerable<ContentType> contentTypes)
        {
            if (null == contentTypes)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(contentTypes));

            ContentTypes = contentTypes.ToArray();

            ExtensionLookup = ContentTypes
                .SelectMany(ct => ct.FileExts, (ct, ext) => new
                {
                    ext,
                    ContentType = ct
                })
                .ToLookup(arg => arg.ext, x => x.ContentType, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

            var mimeTypes = ContentTypes
                .Select(ct => new
                {
                    ct.MimeType,
                    ContentType = ct
                });

            var alternateMimeTypes = ContentTypes
                .Where(ct => null != ct.AlternateMimeTypes)
                .SelectMany(ct => ct.AlternateMimeTypes, (ct, mime) => new
                {
                    MimeType = mime,
                    ContentType = ct
                });

            MimeLookup = alternateMimeTypes
                .Union(mimeTypes)
                .ToLookup(arg => arg.MimeType, x => x.ContentType, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Where Tuple<int,int> represents a child_id|parent_id relationship
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relations"></param>
        public Hierarchy(List<Relation> relations)
        {
            if (relations == null)
                relations = new List<Relation>();

            for (int i = 0; i < relations.Count; i++)
            {
                var item = relations[i];

                if (item.Child == item.Parent)
                    continue;

                // the child is a relation of itself; the parent is a relation of itself, too
                this.Add(relations, new Relation { Child = item.Child, Parent = item.Child });
                this.Add(relations, new Relation{ Child = item.Parent, Parent = item.Parent});

                // if this 'parent' is the child of another item G, then this 'child' is also a child of G.
                var grandparents = relations.Where(r => item.Parent == r.Child);
                var grandchildren = relations.Where(r => r.Parent == item.Child).Select(r => r.Child);
                var list = grandparents.Select(g => new Relation { Child = g.Child, Parent = item.Parent }).ToList();
                foreach (var g in list)
                    this.Add(relations, g);
            }

            //parents = relations.GroupBy(i => i.Item1, i => i.Item2).ToLookup(g => g.Key, g => g.ToList());
            parents = relations.ToLookup(i => i.Child, i => i.Parent);
            children = relations.ToLookup(i => i.Parent, i => i.Child);

            this.relationHash = new HashSet<int>(relations.Select(r => r.GetHashCode()));
        }

 public void InitCaches()
 {
     var db = new FacesDBDataContext(_connectionString);
     _faceUKeyLookup = db.Faces.ToDictionary(x => x.FaceUKey, x => (api.Face) new FaceImpl(x, _m, null));
     var query =  (from f in db.Faces join p in db.Persons on f.PersonID equals p.PersonID select new { f, p });
     _Faces = new Dictionary<api.Face,api.Person>();
     Dictionary<int, api.Person> persons = new Dictionary<int,api.Person>();
     foreach (var x in query) {
         // todo; build pers dic at same time...
         api.Person person = null;
         if (!persons.TryGetValue(x.p.PersonID, out person))
         {
             person = (api.Person)new PersonImpl(x.p.FirstName, x.p.LastName, x.p.PersonID);
             persons.Add(person.Id, person);
         }
         api.Face thisFace = _faceUKeyLookup[x.f.FaceUKey];
         thisFace.Person = person;
         _Faces.Add(thisFace, person);
     }
     _Persons = _Faces.GroupBy(x => x.Value).ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Select(y=>y.Key).ToList());
     _allPersonsLookup = persons;
     foreach (var pers in db.Persons) // add in other persons that don't have faces.
     {
         if (!_allPersonsLookup.ContainsKey(pers.PersonID))
             _allPersonsLookup.Add(pers.PersonID, (api.Person)new PersonImpl(pers.FirstName, pers.LastName, pers.PersonID));
     }
     _PicturesToFaces = db.Faces
         .ToLookup(x => x.PictureID, x => _faceUKeyLookup[x.FaceUKey]);
 }

 public CommitDiffModel(string[] lines, IEnumerable<CommitCommentModel> comments, int fontSize)
 {
     Lines = lines;
     FontSize = fontSize;
     Comments = comments.ToList();
     CommentsLookup = Comments.ToLookup(x => x.Line);
 }

        public MenuService([NotNull] IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            if (serviceProvider == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("serviceProvider");

            var menuProviders = new ExtensionsCache<MenuProviderInfo, IMenuProvider>(serviceProvider);

            _menuProvidersLookup =
                menuProviders
                    .GetAllExtensions()
                    .ToLookup(
                        menuProvider => menuProvider.MenuName,
                        StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

            // WTF?
            menuProviders
                .GetAllExtensions()
                .OfType<IDynamicMenuProvider>()
                .Select(
                    dynamicMenuProvider =>
                    {
                        _menuCache.Drop(dynamicMenuProvider.MenuName);
                        return
                            dynamicMenuProvider.MenuChanged.Subscribe(
                                arg => _menuChanged.OnNext(dynamicMenuProvider.MenuName));
                    });

            _menuCache = new ElementsCache<string, IMenuRoot>(CreateMenu);
        }