protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)
 {
     base.OnLoad(e);
     SwapChainDescription desc=new SwapChainDescription()
     {
         BufferCount = 2,
         Flags = SwapChainFlags.AllowModeSwitch,
         IsWindowed = true,
         ModeDescription = new ModeDescription()
         {
             Format = Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm,
             Height = Height,
             Width = Width,
             RefreshRate = new Rational(1,60),
             Scaling = DisplayModeScaling.Centered,
             ScanlineOrdering = DisplayModeScanlineOrdering.Progressive
         },
         OutputHandle = Handle,
         SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1,0),
         SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard,
         Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput
     };
     Device.CreateWithSwapChain(DriverType.Hardware, DeviceCreationFlags.None,
         new FeatureLevel[1] {FeatureLevel.Level_11_0}, desc, out device, out swapChain);
     using (Texture2D tex=Texture2D.FromSwapChain<Texture2D>(swapChain,0))
     {
         renderTarget=new RenderTargetView(device,tex);
     }
 }

        public void InitializeD3D()
        {
            var description = new SwapChainDescription()
            {
                BufferCount = 2,
                Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput,
                OutputHandle = form.Handle,
                IsWindowed = true,
                ModeDescription = new ModeDescription(0, 0, new Rational(60, 1), Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm),
                SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0),
                Flags = SwapChainFlags.AllowModeSwitch,
                SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard
            };

            //Create swap chain
            Device.CreateWithSwapChain(DriverType.Hardware, DeviceCreationFlags.None, description, out this.device, out swapChain);
            // create a view of our render target, which is the backbuffer of the swap chain we just created
            // setting a viewport is required if you want to actually see anything
            var resource = Resource.FromSwapChain<Texture2D>(swapChain, 0);
            renderTarget = new RenderTargetView(device, resource);
            var context = device.ImmediateContext;
            var viewport = new Viewport(0.0f, 0.0f, form.ClientSize.Width, form.ClientSize.Height);
            context.OutputMerger.SetTargets(renderTarget);
            context.Rasterizer.SetViewports(viewport);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create Direct3D device and swap chain
        /// </summary>
        protected void InitDevice()
        {
            device = D3DDevice.CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(directControl.Handle, out swapChain);

            // Create a render target view
            using (Texture2D pBuffer = swapChain.GetBuffer<Texture2D>(0))
            {
                renderTargetView = device.CreateRenderTargetView(pBuffer);
            }

            device.OM.SetRenderTargets(new RenderTargetView[] { renderTargetView });

            // Setup the viewport
            Viewport vp = new Viewport()
            {
                Width = (uint)directControl.ClientSize.Width,
                Height = (uint)directControl.ClientSize.Height,
                MinDepth = 0.0f,
                MaxDepth = 1.0f,
                TopLeftX = 0,
                TopLeftY = 0
            };

            device.RS.SetViewports(new Viewport[] { vp });
        } 

        protected D3DApp(IntPtr hInstance)
        {
            AppInst = hInstance;
            MainWindowCaption = "D3D11 Application";
            DriverType = DriverType.Hardware;
            ClientWidth = 800;
            ClientHeight = 600;
            Enable4XMsaa = false;
            Window = null;
            AppPaused = false;
            Minimized = false;
            Maximized = false;
            Resizing = false;
            Msaa4XQuality = 0;
            Device = null;
            ImmediateContext = null;
            SwapChain = null;
            DepthStencilBuffer = null;
            RenderTargetView = null;
            DepthStencilView = null;
            Viewport = new Viewport();
            Timer = new GameTimer();

            GD3DApp = this;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor
        /// Creates the texture we will render to based on the supplied width and height
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="device">The device we will create the texture with</param>
        /// <param name="texWidth"></param>
        /// <param name="texHeight"></param>
        public RenderTexture(Device device, int texWidth, int texHeight)
        {
            Texture2DDescription textureDescription = new Texture2DDescription()
                {
                    Width = texWidth,
                    Height = texHeight,
                    MipLevels = 1,
                    ArraySize = 1,
                    Format = SlimDX.DXGI.Format.R32G32B32A32_Float,
                    SampleDescription = new SlimDX.DXGI.SampleDescription(1, 0),
                    BindFlags = BindFlags.RenderTarget | BindFlags.ShaderResource,
                    CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.None,
                    OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None,
                    Usage = ResourceUsage.Default,
                };
            Texture = new Texture2D(device, textureDescription);
            RenderTargetViewDescription renderTargetViewDescription = new RenderTargetViewDescription()
            {
                Format = textureDescription.Format,
                Dimension = RenderTargetViewDimension.Texture2D,
                MipSlice = 0,
            };

            renderTargetView = new RenderTargetView(device, Texture, renderTargetViewDescription);

            ShaderResourceViewDescription shaderResourceViewDescription = new ShaderResourceViewDescription()
            {
                Format = textureDescription.Format,
                Dimension = ShaderResourceViewDimension.Texture2D,
                MostDetailedMip = 0,
                MipLevels = 1
            };

            shaderResourceView = new ShaderResourceView(device, Texture, shaderResourceViewDescription);
        }

		private void InitalizeGraphics()
		{
			if (Window.RenderCanvasHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
				throw new InvalidOperationException("Window handle cannot be zero");

			SwapChainDescription swapChainDesc = new SwapChainDescription()
			{
				BufferCount = 1,
				Flags = SwapChainFlags.None,
				IsWindowed = true,
				OutputHandle = Window.RenderCanvasHandle,
				SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard,
				Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput,
				ModeDescription = new ModeDescription()
				{
					Format = SlimDX.DXGI.Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm,
					//Format = SlimDX.DXGI.Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm,
					Width = Window.ClientSize.Width,
					Height = Window.ClientSize.Height,
					RefreshRate = new Rational(60, 1),
					Scaling = DisplayModeScaling.Unspecified,
					ScanlineOrdering = DisplayModeScanlineOrdering.Unspecified
				},
				SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0)
			};

			var giFactory = new SlimDX.DXGI.Factory();
			var adapter = giFactory.GetAdapter(0);

			Device device;
			SwapChain swapChain;
			Device.CreateWithSwapChain(adapter, DriverType.Hardware, DeviceCreationFlags.None, swapChainDesc, out device, out swapChain);
			_swapChain = swapChain;
			GraphicsDevice = device;

			// create a view of our render target, which is the backbuffer of the swap chain we just created
			using (var resource = SlimDX.Direct3D10.Resource.FromSwapChain<Texture2D>(swapChain, 0))
			{
				_backBuffer = new RenderTargetView(device, resource);
			}

			// setting a viewport is required if you want to actually see anything
			var viewport = new Viewport(0, 0, Window.ClientSize.Width, Window.ClientSize.Height);
			device.OutputMerger.SetTargets(_backBuffer);
			device.Rasterizer.SetViewports(viewport);

			CreateDepthStencil();
			LoadVisualizationEffect();

			// Allocate a large buffer to write the PhysX visualization vertices into
			// There's more optimized ways of doing this, but for this sample a large buffer will do
			_userPrimitivesBuffer = new SlimDX.Direct3D10.Buffer(GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes * 50000, ResourceUsage.Dynamic, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, CpuAccessFlags.Write, ResourceOptionFlags.None);

			var elements = new[]
			{
				new InputElement("Position", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0),
				new InputElement("Color", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 16, 0)
			};
			_inputLayout = new InputLayout(GraphicsDevice, _visualizationEffect.RenderScenePass0.Description.Signature, elements);
		}

        //void Update()
        //{
        //    stereoCamera.Update();
        //    SceneTree.Update();
        //    isDirty = false;
        //}
        public override void Execute()
        {
            //Game.RenderEvent.Wait();

            //if (isDirty)
            //    Update();

            //stereoCamera.Update();
            //SceneTree.Update();

            lTexture = new Texture2D(Game.Context.Device, RenderTextureDesc);
            rTexture = new Texture2D(Game.Context.Device, RenderTextureDesc);

            rTargetViewLeft = new SlimDX.Direct3D11.RenderTargetView(Game.Context.Device, lTexture);
            rTargetViewRight = new SlimDX.Direct3D11.RenderTargetView(Game.Context.Device, rTexture);

            stereoCamera.EnableLeftStereoProjection();
            RenderSceneImage(lTexture, rTargetViewLeft);
            stereoCamera.EnableRightStereoProjection();
            RenderSceneImage(rTexture, rTargetViewRight);
            Texture2D newTexture = Stereo.Make3D(lTexture, rTexture);

            FreeResources();
            Texture = newTexture;
        }

		public void LoadResources()
		{
			if (m_Disposed == true)
			{
				Buffer = new Texture2D(GameEnvironment.Device, new Texture2DDescription()
				{
					Format = m_Format,
					Width = m_Width,
					Height = m_Height,
					OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None,
					MipLevels = 1,
					ArraySize = 1,
					BindFlags = BindFlags.RenderTarget | BindFlags.ShaderResource,
					CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.None,
					SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0),
					Usage = ResourceUsage.Default
				});

				View = new RenderTargetView(GameEnvironment.Device, Buffer);
				ResourceView = new ShaderResourceView(GameEnvironment.Device, Buffer);
				Viewport = new Viewport(0, 0, Buffer.Description.Width, Buffer.Description.Height);

				m_Disposed = false;
			}
		}

        public override void Resize(DeviceContextHolder holder, int width, int height) {
            if (width == Width && height == Height) return;
            base.Resize(holder, width, height);

            TargetView = new RenderTargetView(holder.Device, Texture);
            View = new ShaderResourceView(holder.Device, Texture);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create Direct3D device and swap chain
        /// </summary>
        public void InitDevice()
        {
            device = D3DDevice.CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(host.Handle, out swapChain);

            // Create a render target view
            using (Texture2D pBuffer = swapChain.GetBuffer<Texture2D>(0))
            {
                renderTargetView = device.CreateRenderTargetView(pBuffer);
            }

            device.OM.SetRenderTargets(new RenderTargetView[] { renderTargetView }, null);

            // Setup the viewport
            Viewport vp = new Viewport()
            {
                Width = (uint)host.ActualWidth,
                Height = (uint)host.ActualHeight,
                MinDepth = 0.0f,
                MaxDepth = 1.0f,
                TopLeftX = 0,
                TopLeftY = 0
            };

            device.RS.SetViewports(new Viewport[] { vp });
        } 

        public static void CreateDeviceSwapChainAndRenderTarget(Form form,
            out Device device, out SwapChain swapChain, out RenderTargetView renderTarget)
        {
            try
            {
                // the debug mode requires the sdk to be installed otherwise an exception is thrown
                device = new Device(DeviceCreationFlags.Debug);
            }
            catch (Direct3D10Exception)
            {
                device = new Device(DeviceCreationFlags.None);
            }

            var swapChainDescription = new SwapChainDescription();
            var modeDescription = new ModeDescription();
            var sampleDescription = new SampleDescription();

            modeDescription.Format = Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm;
            modeDescription.RefreshRate = new Rational(60, 1);
            modeDescription.Scaling = DisplayModeScaling.Unspecified;
            modeDescription.ScanlineOrdering = DisplayModeScanlineOrdering.Unspecified;

            modeDescription.Width = WIDTH;
            modeDescription.Height = HEIGHT;

            sampleDescription.Count = 1;
            sampleDescription.Quality = 0;

            swapChainDescription.ModeDescription = modeDescription;
            swapChainDescription.SampleDescription = sampleDescription;
            swapChainDescription.BufferCount = 1;
            swapChainDescription.Flags = SwapChainFlags.None;
            swapChainDescription.IsWindowed = true;
            swapChainDescription.OutputHandle = form.Handle;
            swapChainDescription.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
            swapChainDescription.Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput;

            using (var factory = new Factory())
            {
                swapChain = new SwapChain(factory, device, swapChainDescription);
            }

            using (var resource = swapChain.GetBuffer<Texture2D>(0))
            {
                renderTarget = new RenderTargetView(device, resource);
            }

            var viewport = new Viewport
            {
                X = 0,
                Y = 0,
                Width = WIDTH,
                Height = HEIGHT,
                MinZ = 0.0f,
                MaxZ = 1.0f
            };

            device.Rasterizer.SetViewports(viewport);
            device.OutputMerger.SetTargets(renderTarget);
        }

        public DX11RenderTexture3D(DX11RenderContext context, int w, int h, int d, Format format)
            : base(context)
        {
            Texture3DDescription desc = new Texture3DDescription()
            {
                BindFlags = BindFlags.UnorderedAccess | BindFlags.ShaderResource | BindFlags.RenderTarget,
                CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.None,
                Depth = d,
                Format = format,
                Height = h,
                MipLevels = 1,
                OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None,
                Usage = ResourceUsage.Default,
                Width = w
            };

            RenderTargetViewDescription rtvd = new RenderTargetViewDescription();
            rtvd.Format = format;
            rtvd.Dimension = RenderTargetViewDimension.Texture3D;
            rtvd.MipSlice = 0;
            rtvd.FirstDepthSlice = 0;
            rtvd.DepthSliceCount = d;

            this.Resource = new Texture3D(context.Device, desc);
            this.SRV = new ShaderResourceView(context.Device, this.Resource);
            this.UAV = new UnorderedAccessView(context.Device, this.Resource);
            this.RTV = new RenderTargetView(context.Device, this.Resource, rtvd);

            this.Width = desc.Width;
            this.Height = desc.Height;
            this.Format = desc.Format;
            this.Depth = desc.Depth;
        }

        public void Draw(DeviceContextHolder holder, ShaderResourceView view, RenderTargetView target, 
                TargetResourceTexture temporaryEdges, TargetResourceTexture temporaryBlending) {
            holder.PrepareQuad(_effect.LayoutPT);
            holder.DeviceContext.OutputMerger.BlendState = null;

            // edges
            holder.DeviceContext.OutputMerger.SetTargets(temporaryEdges.TargetView);
            holder.DeviceContext.ClearRenderTargetView(temporaryEdges.TargetView, new Color4(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f));

            _effect.FxScreenSizeSpec.Set(new Vector4(1f / holder.Width, 1f / holder.Height, holder.Width, holder.Height));
            _effect.FxInputMap.SetResource(view);

            _effect.TechSmaa.DrawAllPasses(holder.DeviceContext, 6);

            // blending
            holder.DeviceContext.OutputMerger.SetTargets(temporaryBlending.TargetView);
            holder.DeviceContext.ClearRenderTargetView(temporaryBlending.TargetView, new Color4(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f));

            _effect.FxEdgesMap.SetResource(temporaryEdges.View);
            _effect.FxAreaTexMap.SetResource(_areasTexMap);
            _effect.FxSearchTexMap.SetResource(_searchTexMap);

            _effect.TechSmaaB.DrawAllPasses(holder.DeviceContext, 6);

            // final part
            holder.DeviceContext.OutputMerger.SetTargets(target);
            _effect.FxBlendMap.SetResource(temporaryBlending.View);
            _effect.TechSmaaN.DrawAllPasses(holder.DeviceContext, 6);
        }

        protected override void OnResourceLoad()
        {
            using (Texture2D texture = Texture2D.FromSwapChain<Texture2D>(Context10.SwapChain, 0))
            {
                renderTargetView = new RenderTargetView(Context10.Device, texture);
            }

            effect = Effect.FromFile(Context10.Device, "SimpleTriangle10.fx", "fx_4_0");
            technique = effect.GetTechniqueByIndex(0);
            pass = technique.GetPassByIndex(0);

            ShaderSignature signature = pass.Description.Signature;
            inputLayout = new InputLayout(Context10.Device, signature, new[] {
				new InputElement("POSITION", 0, SlimDX.DXGI.Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0),
				new InputElement("COLOR", 0, SlimDX.DXGI.Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 16, 0) 
			});

            vertexBuffer = new Buffer(
                    Context10.Device,
                    3 * 32,
                    ResourceUsage.Dynamic,
                    BindFlags.VertexBuffer,
                    CpuAccessFlags.Write,
                    ResourceOptionFlags.None
            );

            DataStream stream = vertexBuffer.Map(MapMode.WriteDiscard, MapFlags.None);
            stream.WriteRange(new[] {
				new Vector4(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f), new Vector4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
				new Vector4(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f), new Vector4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
				new Vector4(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f), new Vector4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)
			});
            vertexBuffer.Unmap();
        }

        public void Draw(DeviceContextHolder holder, ShaderResourceView view, RenderTargetView target) {
            holder.DeviceContext.OutputMerger.SetTargets(target);
            holder.QuadBuffers.Prepare(holder.DeviceContext, _effect.LayoutPT);

            _effect.FxScreenSize.Set(new Vector4(holder.Width, holder.Height, 1f / holder.Width, 1f / holder.Height));
            _effect.FxInputMap.SetResource(view);
            _effect.TechFxaa.DrawAllPasses(holder.DeviceContext, 6);
        }

 public RenderTargetTexture(Device device, 
                            int width, 
                            int height, 
                            Format format = Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm, 
                            ResourceOptionFlags optionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None)
     : base(new Texture2D(device, CreateTextureDescription(width, height, format, optionFlags)))
 {
     InternalRenderTargetView = new RenderTargetView(device, InternalTexture2D);
 }

        public DX11RenderTarget2D(DX11RenderContext context, Texture2D tex)
        {
            this.context = context;
            this.Resource = tex;

            this.SRV = new ShaderResourceView(context.Device, tex);

            this.RTV = new RenderTargetView(context.Device, tex);
        }

        public void Render( DeviceContext deviceContext, Viewport viewport, RenderTargetView renderTargetView, DepthStencilView depthStencilView )
        {
            deviceContext.ClearRenderTargetView( renderTargetView, Constants.CLEAR_COLOR );
            deviceContext.ClearDepthStencilView( depthStencilView, DepthStencilClearFlags.Depth | DepthStencilClearFlags.Stencil, 1.0f, 0x00 );

            //mTinyTextContext.Print( viewport, "Frame Time: " + FrameTimeString, 10, 10 );
            //mTinyTextContext.Render();

            mStopwatch.Reset();
            mStopwatch.Start();
        }

        public View(Viewer viewer, Viewport viewport, RenderTargetView target)
        {
            if (viewer == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("viewer");
            if (target == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("target");

            Viewer = viewer;
            Viewport = viewport;
            Target = target;
        }

        void InitDevice()
        {
            // create Direct 3D device
            device = D3DDevice.CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(renderHost.Handle);
            swapChain = device.SwapChain;

            // Create a render target view
            using (Texture2D pBuffer = swapChain.GetBuffer<Texture2D>(0))
            {
                renderTargetView = device.CreateRenderTargetView(pBuffer);
            }

            // Create depth stencil texture
            Texture2DDescription descDepth = new Texture2DDescription()
            {
                Width = (uint)renderHost.ActualWidth,
                Height = (uint)renderHost.ActualHeight,
                MipLevels = 1,
                ArraySize = 1,
                Format = Format.D32Float,
                SampleDescription = new SampleDescription()
                {
                    Count = 1,
                    Quality = 0
                },
                BindingOptions = BindingOptions.DepthStencil,
            };

            depthStencil = device.CreateTexture2D(descDepth);

            // Create the depth stencil view
            DepthStencilViewDescription depthStencilViewDesc = new DepthStencilViewDescription()
            {
                Format = descDepth.Format,
                ViewDimension = DepthStencilViewDimension.Texture2D
            };
            depthStencilView = device.CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencil, depthStencilViewDesc);

            // bind the views to the device
            device.OM.RenderTargets = new OutputMergerRenderTargets(new RenderTargetView[] { renderTargetView }, depthStencilView);

            // Setup the viewport
            Viewport vp = new Viewport()
            {
                Width = (uint)renderHost.ActualWidth,
                Height = (uint)renderHost.ActualHeight,
                MinDepth = 0.0f,
                MaxDepth = 1.0f,
                TopLeftX = 0,
                TopLeftY = 0
            };
            
            device.RS.Viewports = new Viewport[] { vp };
        }