/// <summary>
 /// Constructs request for obtaining all the shard maps and shards from an LSM.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation name.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager.</param>
 /// <param name="location">Location of the LSM.</param>
 internal CheckShardLocalOperation(
     string operationName,
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     ShardLocation location) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, location, operationName)
 {
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Creates request to add shard to given shard map.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Shard map for which to add shard.</param>
 /// <param name="shard">Shard to add.</param>
 protected internal AddShardOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     IStoreShardMap shardMap,
     IStoreShard shard) :
     this(shardMapManager, Guid.NewGuid(), StoreOperationState.UndoBegin, shardMap, shard)
 {
 }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts IStoreShardMap to ShardMap.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="manager">Reference to shard map manager.</param>
        /// <param name="ssm">Storage representation for ShardMap.</param>
        /// <returns>ShardMap object corresponding to storange representation.</returns>
        internal static ShardMap CreateShardMapFromStoreShardMap(
            ShardMapManager manager,
            IStoreShardMap ssm)
        {
            switch (ssm.MapType)
            {
                case ShardMapType.List:
                    // Create ListShardMap<TKey>
                    return (ShardMap)Activator.CreateInstance(
                            typeof(ListShardMap<>).MakeGenericType(
                                ShardKey.TypeFromShardKeyType(ssm.KeyType)),
                            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance,
                            null,
                            new object[] { manager, ssm },
                            CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

                default:
                    Debug.Assert(ssm.MapType == ShardMapType.Range);
                    // Create RangeShardMap<TKey>
                    return (ShardMap)Activator.CreateInstance(
                            typeof(RangeShardMap<>).MakeGenericType(
                                ShardKey.TypeFromShardKeyType(ssm.KeyType)),
                            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance,
                            null,
                            new object[] { manager, ssm },
                            CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            }
        }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request to get shard with specific location for given shard map from GSM.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation name, useful for diagnostics.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Shard map for which shard is being requested.</param>
 /// <param name="location">Location of shard being searched.</param>
 internal FindShardByLocationGlobalOperation(ShardMapManager shardMapManager, string operationName, IStoreShardMap shardMap, ShardLocation location) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, operationName)
 {
     _shardMapManager = shardMapManager;
     _shardMap = shardMap;
     _location = location;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request for replacing the GSM mappings for given shard map with the input mappings.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager.</param>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation name.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">GSM Shard map.</param>
 /// <param name="shard">GSM Shard.</param>
 /// <param name="mappingsToRemove">Optional list of mappings to remove.</param>
 /// <param name="mappingsToAdd">List of mappings to add.</param>
 internal ReplaceMappingsGlobalOperation(ShardMapManager shardMapManager, string operationName, IStoreShardMap shardMap, IStoreShard shard, IEnumerable<IStoreMapping> mappingsToRemove, IEnumerable<IStoreMapping> mappingsToAdd) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, operationName)
 {
     _shardMap = shardMap;
     _shard = shard;
     _mappingsToRemove = mappingsToRemove;
     _mappingsToAdd = mappingsToAdd;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs an instance of the recovery manager for given shard map manager.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager being recovered.</param>
 internal RecoveryManager(ShardMapManager shardMapManager)
 {
     Debug.Assert(shardMapManager != null);
     this.Manager = shardMapManager;
     this.Inconsistencies = new Dictionary<RecoveryToken, IDictionary<ShardRange, MappingDifference>>();
     this.StoreShardMaps = new Dictionary<RecoveryToken, Tuple<IStoreShardMap, IStoreShard>>();
     this.Locations = new Dictionary<RecoveryToken, ShardLocation>();
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request for obtaining mapping from GSM based on given key.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager.</param>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation being executed.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Local shard map.</param>
 /// <param name="mapping">Mapping whose Id will be used.</param>
 /// <param name="errorCategory">Error category.</param>
 internal FindMappingByIdGlobalOperation(ShardMapManager shardMapManager, string operationName, IStoreShardMap shardMap, IStoreMapping mapping, ShardManagementErrorCategory errorCategory) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, operationName)
 {
     _manager = shardMapManager;
     _shardMap = shardMap;
     _mapping = mapping;
     _errorCategory = errorCategory;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request to upgrade store hosting GSM.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation name, useful for diagnostics.</param>
 /// <param name="targetVersion">Target version to upgrade.</param>
 internal UpgradeStoreGlobalOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     string operationName,
     Version targetVersion) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, operationName)
 {
     _targetVersion = targetVersion;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request to get all shards for given shard map from GSM.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation name, useful for diagnostics.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Shard map for which shards are being requested.</param>
 internal GetShardsGlobalOperation(
     string operationName,
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     IStoreShardMap shardMap) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, operationName)
 {
     _shardMapManager = shardMapManager;
     _shardMap = shardMap;
 }

 private bool CreateShardMapManager()
 {
     try
     {
         ShardMapManager = ShardMapManagerFactory.CreateSqlShardMapManager(connectionString);
         return true;
     }
     catch { ShardMapManager = null; return false; }
 }

        public HorizontalShard(string _mapManagerServer, string _userID, string _password, string _mapManagerName, string _secondaryDR)
        {
            connectionString = string.Format("Data Source={0};Initial Catalog={3};Integrated Security=False;User ID={1};Password={2};Encrypt=True", 
                                _mapManagerServer, _userID, _password, _mapManagerName);
            shardConnectionString = string.Format("Integrated Security=False;User ID={0};Password={1};Encrypt=True", _userID, _password);
            mapManagerName = _mapManagerName;

            if (!ShardMapManagerFactory.TryGetSqlShardMapManager(connectionString, ShardMapManagerLoadPolicy.Lazy, out ShardMapManager))
                ShardMapManager = null;
        }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request for obtaining all the mappings from GSM based on given shard and mappings.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager.</param>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation being executed.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Local shard map.</param>
 /// <param name="shard">Local shard.</param>
 /// <param name="range">Optional range to get mappings from.</param>
 /// <param name="errorCategory">Error category.</param>
 /// <param name="cacheResults">Whether to cache the results of the operation.</param>
 /// <param name="ignoreFailure">Ignore shard map not found error.</param>
 internal GetMappingsByRangeGlobalOperation(ShardMapManager shardMapManager, string operationName, IStoreShardMap shardMap, IStoreShard shard, ShardRange range, ShardManagementErrorCategory errorCategory, bool cacheResults, bool ignoreFailure) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, operationName)
 {
     _manager = shardMapManager;
     _shardMap = shardMap;
     _shard = shard;
     _range = range;
     _errorCategory = errorCategory;
     _cacheResults = cacheResults;
     _ignoreFailure = ignoreFailure;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request for Detaching the given shard and mapping information to the GSM database.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation name.</param>
 /// <param name="location">Location to be detached.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMapName">Shard map from which shard is being detached.</param>
 /// <returns>The store operation.</returns>
 public virtual IStoreOperationGlobal CreateDetachShardGlobalOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     string operationName,
     ShardLocation location,
     string shardMapName)
 {
     return new DetachShardGlobalOperation(
         shardMapManager,
         operationName,
         location,
         shardMapName);
 }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs request to lock or unlock given mappings in GSM.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
        /// <param name="operationName">Operation name, useful for diagnostics.</param>
        /// <param name="shardMap">Shard map to add.</param>
        /// <param name="mapping">Mapping to lock or unlock. Null means all mappings.</param>
        /// <param name="lockOwnerId">Lock owner.</param>
        /// <param name="lockOpType">Lock operation type.</param>
        /// <param name="errorCategory">Error category.</param>
        internal LockOrUnLockMappingsGlobalOperation(ShardMapManager shardMapManager, string operationName, IStoreShardMap shardMap, IStoreMapping mapping, Guid lockOwnerId, LockOwnerIdOpType lockOpType, ShardManagementErrorCategory errorCategory) :
            base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, operationName)
        {
            _shardMapManager = shardMapManager;
            _shardMap = shardMap;
            _mapping = mapping;
            _lockOwnerId = lockOwnerId;
            _lockOpType = lockOpType;
            _errorCategory = errorCategory;

            Debug.Assert(mapping != null || (lockOpType == LockOwnerIdOpType.UnlockAllMappingsForId || lockOpType == LockOwnerIdOpType.UnlockAllMappings));
        }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs request for replacing the LSM mappings for given shard map with the input mappings.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager.</param>
 /// <param name="location">Location of the LSM.</param>
 /// <param name="operationName">Operation name.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Local shard map.</param>
 /// <param name="shard">Local shard.</param>
 /// <param name="rangesToRemove">Optional list of ranges to minimize amount of deletions.</param>
 /// <param name="mappingsToAdd">List of mappings to add.</param>
 internal ReplaceMappingsLocalOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     ShardLocation location,
     string operationName,
     IStoreShardMap shardMap,
     IStoreShard shard,
     IEnumerable<ShardRange> rangesToRemove,
     IEnumerable<IStoreMapping> mappingsToAdd) :
     base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, location, operationName)
 {
     _shardMap = shardMap;
     _shard = shard;
     _rangesToRemove = rangesToRemove;
     _mappingsToAdd = mappingsToAdd;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Creates request to add shard to given shard map.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="operationCode">Store operation code.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Shard map for which to add mapping.</param>
 /// <param name="mapping">Mapping to add.</param>
 protected internal AddMappingOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     StoreOperationCode operationCode,
     IStoreShardMap shardMap,
     IStoreMapping mapping) :
     this(
     shardMapManager,
     Guid.NewGuid(),
     StoreOperationState.UndoBegin,
     operationCode,
     shardMap,
     mapping,
     default(Guid))
 {
 }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs request for obtaining all the shard maps and shards from an LSM.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager.</param>
        /// <param name="location">Location of the LSM.</param>
        /// <param name="operationName">Operation name.</param>
        /// <param name="shardMap">Local shard map.</param>
        /// <param name="shard">Local shard.</param>
        /// <param name="range">Optional range to get mappings from.</param>
        /// <param name="ignoreFailure">Ignore shard map not found error.</param>
        internal GetMappingsByRangeLocalOperation(
            ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
            ShardLocation location,
            string operationName,
            IStoreShardMap shardMap,
            IStoreShard shard,
            ShardRange range,
            bool ignoreFailure) :
            base(shardMapManager.Credentials, shardMapManager.RetryPolicy, location, operationName)
        {
            Debug.Assert(shard != null);

            _shardMap = shardMap;
            _shard = shard;
            _range = range;
            _ignoreFailure = ignoreFailure;
        }

 /// <summary>
 /// Creates request to replace mappings within shard map.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="operationCode">Store operation code.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Shard map for which to update mapping.</param>
 /// <param name="mappingsSource">Original mappings.</param>
 /// <param name="mappingsTarget">Target mappings mapping.</param>
 protected internal ReplaceMappingsOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     StoreOperationCode operationCode,
     IStoreShardMap shardMap,
     Tuple<IStoreMapping, Guid>[] mappingsSource,
     Tuple<IStoreMapping, Guid>[] mappingsTarget) :
     this(
     shardMapManager,
     Guid.NewGuid(),
     StoreOperationState.UndoBegin,
     operationCode,
     shardMap,
     mappingsSource,
     mappingsTarget,
     default(Guid))
 {
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Constructs an instance of StoreOperation.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">ShardMapManager object.</param>
 /// <param name="operationId">Operation Id.</param>
 /// <param name="undoStartState">State from which Undo operation starts.</param>
 /// <param name="opCode">Operation code.</param>
 /// <param name="originalShardVersionRemoves">Original shard version for removes.</param>
 /// <param name="originalShardVersionAdds">Original shard version for adds.</param>
 protected StoreOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     Guid operationId,
     StoreOperationState undoStartState,
     StoreOperationCode opCode,
     Guid originalShardVersionRemoves,
     Guid originalShardVersionAdds
     )
 {
     this.Id = operationId;
     this.OperationCode = opCode;
     this.Manager = shardMapManager;
     this.UndoStartState = undoStartState;
     _operationState = StoreOperationState.DoBegin;
     _maxDoState = StoreOperationState.DoBegin;
     this.OriginalShardVersionRemoves = originalShardVersionRemoves;
     this.OriginalShardVersionAdds = originalShardVersionAdds;
 }

 /// <summary>
 /// Creates request to update shard in given shard map.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="shardMapManager">Shard map manager object.</param>
 /// <param name="operationId">Operation id.</param>
 /// <param name="undoStartState">State from which Undo operation starts.</param>
 /// <param name="shardMap">Shard map for which to remove shard.</param>
 /// <param name="shardOld">Shard to update.</param>
 /// <param name="shardNew">Updated shard.</param>
 internal UpdateShardOperation(
     ShardMapManager shardMapManager,
     Guid operationId,
     StoreOperationState undoStartState,
     IStoreShardMap shardMap,
     IStoreShard shardOld,
     IStoreShard shardNew) :
     base(
     shardMapManager,
     operationId,
     undoStartState,
     StoreOperationCode.UpdateShard,
     default(Guid),
     default(Guid))
 {
     _shardMap = shardMap;
     _shardOld = shardOld;
     _shardNew = shardNew;
 }