Class ExceptionTestClass
   
   Public Shared Sub Main()
      Dim x As Integer = 0
      Try
         Dim y As Integer = 100 / x
      Catch e As ArithmeticException
         Console.WriteLine("ArithmeticException Handler: {0}", e.ToString())
      Catch e As Exception
         Console.WriteLine("Generic Exception Handler: {0}", e.ToString())
      End Try
   End Sub
End Class

Public Class Person
   Private _name As String
   
   Public Property Name As String
      Get
         Return _name
      End Get
      Set
         _name = value
      End Set
   End Property
   
   Public Overrides Function Equals(obj As Object) As Boolean
      ' This implementation contains an error in program logic:
      ' It assumes that the obj argument is not null.
      Dim p As Person = CType(obj, Person)
      Return Me.Name.Equals(p.Name)
   End Function
End Class

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim p1 As New Person()
      p1.Name = "John"
      Dim p2 As Person = Nothing
      
      ' The following throws a NullReferenceException.
      Console.WriteLine("p1 = p2: {0}", p1.Equals(p2))   
   End Sub
End Module

Public Class Person
   Private _name As String
   
   Public Property Name As String
      Get
         Return _name
      End Get
      Set
         _name = value
      End Set
   End Property
   
   Public Overrides Function Equals(obj As Object) As Boolean
      ' This implementation handles a null obj argument.
      Dim p As Person = TryCast(obj, Person)
      If p Is Nothing Then 
         Return False
      Else
         Return Me.Name.Equals(p.Name)
      End If
   End Function
End Class

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim p1 As New Person()
      p1.Name = "John"
      Dim p2 As Person = Nothing
      
      Console.WriteLine("p1 = p2: {0}", p1.Equals(p2))   
   End Sub
End Module

' 导入命名空间
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Runtime.CompilerServices

Public Module Library
   <Extension()>
   Public Function FindOccurrences(s As String, f As String) As Integer()
      Dim indexes As New List(Of Integer)
      Dim currentIndex As Integer = 0
      Try
         Do While currentIndex >= 0 And currentIndex < s.Length
            currentIndex = s.IndexOf(f, currentIndex)
            If currentIndex >= 0 Then
               indexes.Add(currentIndex)
               currentIndex += 1
            End If
         Loop
      Catch e As ArgumentNullException
         ' Perform some action here, such as logging this exception.
         
         Throw
      End Try
      Return indexes.ToArray()
   End Function
End Module

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim s As String = "It was a cold day when..."
      Dim indexes() As Integer = s.FindOccurrences("a")
      ShowOccurrences(s, "a", indexes)
      Console.WriteLine()

      Dim toFind As String = Nothing
      Try
         indexes = s.FindOccurrences(toFind)
         ShowOccurrences(s, toFind, indexes)
      Catch e As ArgumentNullException
         Console.WriteLine("An exception ({0}) occurred.",
                           e.GetType().Name)
         Console.WriteLine("Message:{0}   {1}{0}", vbCrLf, e.Message)
         Console.WriteLine("Stack Trace:{0}   {1}{0}", vbCrLf, e.StackTrace)
      End Try
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub ShowOccurrences(s As String, toFind As String, indexes As Integer())
      Console.Write("'{0}' occurs at the following character positions: ",
                    toFind)
      For ctr As Integer = 0 To indexes.Length - 1
         Console.Write("{0}{1}", indexes(ctr),
                       If(ctr = indexes.Length - 1, "", ", "))
      Next
      Console.WriteLine()
   End Sub
End Module

Try
   indexes = s.FindOccurrences(toFind)
   ShowOccurrences(s, toFind, indexes)
Catch e As ArgumentNullException
   Console.WriteLine("An exception ({0}) occurred.",
                     e.GetType().Name)
   Console.WriteLine("   Message: {1}{0}", vbCrLf, e.Message)
   Console.WriteLine("   Stack Trace:{0}   {1}{0}", vbCrLf, e.StackTrace)
   Dim ie As Exception = e.InnerException
   If ie IsNot Nothing Then
      Console.WriteLine("   The Inner Exception:")
      Console.WriteLine("      Exception Name: {0}", ie.GetType().Name)
      Console.WriteLine("      Message: {1}{0}", vbCrLf, ie.Message)
      Console.WriteLine("      Stack Trace:{0}   {1}{0}", vbCrLf, ie.StackTrace)
   End If
End Try

' 导入命名空间
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization

<Serializable()> _
Public Class NotPrimeException : Inherits Exception
   Private notAPrime As Integer

   Protected Sub New()
      MyBase.New()
   End Sub

   Public Sub New(value As Integer)
      MyBase.New(String.Format("{0} is not a prime number.", value))
      notAPrime = value
   End Sub

   Public Sub New(value As Integer, message As String)
      MyBase.New(message)
      notAPrime = value
   End Sub

   Public Sub New(value As Integer, message As String, innerException As Exception)
      MyBase.New(message, innerException)
      notAPrime = value
   End Sub

   Protected Sub New(info As SerializationInfo,
                     context As StreamingContext)
      MyBase.New(info, context)
   End Sub

   Public ReadOnly Property NonPrime As Integer
      Get
         Return notAPrime
      End Get
   End Property
End Class

' 导入命名空间
Imports System.Collections.Generic

<Serializable()> Public Class PrimeNumberGenerator
   Private Const START As Integer = 2
   Private maxUpperBound As Integer = 10000000
   Private upperBound As Integer
   Private primeTable() As Boolean
   Private primes As New List(Of Integer)

   Public Sub New(upperBound As Integer)
      If upperBound > maxUpperBound Then
         Dim message As String = String.Format(
             "{0} exceeds the maximum upper bound of {1}.",
             upperBound, maxUpperBound)
         Throw New ArgumentOutOfRangeException(message)
      End If
      Me.upperBound = upperBound
      ' Create array and mark 0, 1 as not prime (True).
      ReDim primeTable(upperBound)
      primeTable(0) = True
      primeTable(1) = True

      ' Use Sieve of Eratosthenes to determine prime numbers.
      For ctr As Integer = START To CInt(Math.Ceiling(Math.Sqrt(upperBound)))
         If primeTable(ctr) Then Continue For

         For multiplier As Integer = ctr To CInt(upperBound \ ctr)
            If ctr * multiplier <= upperBound Then primeTable(ctr * multiplier) = True
         Next
      Next
      ' Populate array with prime number information.
      Dim index As Integer = START
      Do While index <> -1
         index = Array.FindIndex(primeTable, index, Function(flag)
                                                       Return Not flag
                                                    End Function)
         If index >= 1 Then
            primes.Add(index)
            index += 1
         End If
      Loop
   End Sub

   Public Function GetAllPrimes() As Integer()
      Return primes.ToArray()
   End Function

   Public Function GetPrimesFrom(prime As Integer) As Integer()
      Dim start As Integer = primes.FindIndex(Function(value)
                                                 Return value = prime
                                              End Function)
      If start < 0 Then
         Throw New NotPrimeException(prime, String.Format("{0} is not a prime number.", prime))
      Else
         Return primes.FindAll(Function(value)
                                  Return value >= prime
                               End Function).ToArray()
      End If
   End Function
End Class

' 导入命名空间
Imports System.Reflection

Module Example
   Sub Main()
      Dim limit As Integer = 10000000
      Dim primes As New PrimeNumberGenerator(limit)
      Dim start As Integer = 1000001
      Try
         Dim values() As Integer = primes.GetPrimesFrom(start)
         Console.WriteLine("There are {0} prime numbers from {1} to {2}",
                           start, limit)
      Catch e As NotPrimeException
         Console.WriteLine("{0} is not prime", e.NonPrime)
         Console.WriteLine(e)
         Console.WriteLine("--------")
      End Try

      Dim domain As AppDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Domain2")
      Dim gen As PrimeNumberGenerator = domain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(
                                        GetType(Example).Assembly.FullName,
                                        "PrimeNumberGenerator", True,
                                        BindingFlags.Default, Nothing,
                                        {1000000}, Nothing, Nothing)
      Try
         start = 100
         Console.WriteLine(gen.GetPrimesFrom(start))
      Catch e As NotPrimeException
         Console.WriteLine("{0} is not prime", e.NonPrime)
         Console.WriteLine(e)
         Console.WriteLine("--------")
      End Try
   End Sub
End Module