// ConnectBlock is invoked by the index manager when a new block has been
// connected to the main chain.  This indexer adds a mapping for each address
// the transactions in the block involve.
//
// This is part of the Indexer interface.
func (idx *AddrIndex) ConnectBlock(dbTx database.Tx, block *btcutil.Block, view *blockchain.UtxoViewpoint) error {
	// The offset and length of the transactions within the serialized
	// block.
	txLocs, err := block.TxLoc()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Get the internal block ID associated with the block.
	blockID, err := dbFetchBlockIDByHash(dbTx, block.Hash())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Build all of the address to transaction mappings in a local map.
	addrsToTxns := make(writeIndexData)
	idx.indexBlock(addrsToTxns, block, view)

	// Add all of the index entries for each address.
	addrIdxBucket := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(addrIndexKey)
	for addrKey, txIdxs := range addrsToTxns {
		for _, txIdx := range txIdxs {
			err := dbPutAddrIndexEntry(addrIdxBucket, addrKey,
				blockID, txLocs[txIdx])
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// dbFetchTx looks up the passed transaction hash in the transaction index and
// loads it from the database.
func dbFetchTx(dbTx database.Tx, hash *wire.ShaHash) (*wire.MsgTx, error) {
	// Look up the location of the transaction.
	blockRegion, err := dbFetchTxIndexEntry(dbTx, hash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if blockRegion == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transaction %v not found", hash)
	}

	// Load the raw transaction bytes from the database.
	txBytes, err := dbTx.FetchBlockRegion(blockRegion)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Deserialize the transaction.
	var msgTx wire.MsgTx
	err = msgTx.Deserialize(bytes.NewReader(txBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &msgTx, nil
}

// TxRegionsForAddress returns a slice of block regions which identify each
// transaction that involves the passed address according to the specified
// number to skip, number requested, and whether or not the results should be
// reversed.  It also returns the number actually skipped since it could be less
// in the case where there are not enough entries.
//
// NOTE: These results only include transactions confirmed in blocks.  See the
// UnconfirmedTxnsForAddress method for obtaining unconfirmed transactions
// that involve a given address.
//
// This function is safe for concurrent access.
func (idx *AddrIndex) TxRegionsForAddress(dbTx database.Tx, addr btcutil.Address, numToSkip, numRequested uint32, reverse bool) ([]database.BlockRegion, uint32, error) {
	addrKey, err := addrToKey(addr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, 0, err
	}

	var regions []database.BlockRegion
	var skipped uint32
	err = idx.db.View(func(dbTx database.Tx) error {
		// Create closure to lookup the block hash given the ID using
		// the database transaction.
		fetchBlockHash := func(id []byte) (*chainhash.Hash, error) {
			// Deserialize and populate the result.
			return dbFetchBlockHashBySerializedID(dbTx, id)
		}

		var err error
		addrIdxBucket := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(addrIndexKey)
		regions, skipped, err = dbFetchAddrIndexEntries(addrIdxBucket,
			addrKey, numToSkip, numRequested, reverse,
			fetchBlockHash)
		return err
	})

	return regions, skipped, err
}

// maybeCreateIndexes determines if each of the enabled indexes have already
// been created and creates them if not.
func (m *Manager) maybeCreateIndexes(dbTx database.Tx) error {
	indexesBucket := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(indexTipsBucketName)
	for _, indexer := range m.enabledIndexes {
		// Nothing to do if the index tip already exists.
		idxKey := indexer.Key()
		if indexesBucket.Get(idxKey) != nil {
			continue
		}

		// The tip for the index does not exist, so create it and
		// invoke the create callback for the index so it can perform
		// any one-time initialization it requires.
		if err := indexer.Create(dbTx); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Set the tip for the index to values which represent an
		// uninitialized index.
		err := dbPutIndexerTip(dbTx, idxKey, &wire.ShaHash{}, -1)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// dbFetchUtxoEntry uses an existing database transaction to fetch all unspent
// outputs for the provided Bitcoin transaction hash from the utxo set.
//
// When there is no entry for the provided hash, nil will be returned for the
// both the entry and the error.
func dbFetchUtxoEntry(dbTx database.Tx, hash *chainhash.Hash) (*UtxoEntry, error) {
	// Fetch the unspent transaction output information for the passed
	// transaction hash.  Return now when there is no entry.
	utxoBucket := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(utxoSetBucketName)
	serializedUtxo := utxoBucket.Get(hash[:])
	if serializedUtxo == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	// A non-nil zero-length entry means there is an entry in the database
	// for a fully spent transaction which should never be the case.
	if len(serializedUtxo) == 0 {
		return nil, AssertError(fmt.Sprintf("database contains entry "+
			"for fully spent tx %v", hash))
	}

	// Deserialize the utxo entry and return it.
	entry, err := deserializeUtxoEntry(serializedUtxo)
	if err != nil {
		// Ensure any deserialization errors are returned as database
		// corruption errors.
		if isDeserializeErr(err) {
			return nil, database.Error{
				ErrorCode: database.ErrCorruption,
				Description: fmt.Sprintf("corrupt utxo entry "+
					"for %v: %v", hash, err),
			}
		}

		return nil, err
	}

	return entry, nil
}

// dbFetchTxIndexEntry uses an existing database transaction to fetch the block
// region for the provided transaction hash from the transaction index.  When
// there is no entry for the provided hash, nil will be returned for the both
// the region and the error.
func dbFetchTxIndexEntry(dbTx database.Tx, txHash *chainhash.Hash) (*database.BlockRegion, error) {
	// Load the record from the database and return now if it doesn't exist.
	txIndex := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(txIndexKey)
	serializedData := txIndex.Get(txHash[:])
	if len(serializedData) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	// Ensure the serialized data has enough bytes to properly deserialize.
	if len(serializedData) < 12 {
		return nil, database.Error{
			ErrorCode: database.ErrCorruption,
			Description: fmt.Sprintf("corrupt transaction index "+
				"entry for %s", txHash),
		}
	}

	// Load the block hash associated with the block ID.
	hash, err := dbFetchBlockHashBySerializedID(dbTx, serializedData[0:4])
	if err != nil {
		return nil, database.Error{
			ErrorCode: database.ErrCorruption,
			Description: fmt.Sprintf("corrupt transaction index "+
				"entry for %s: %v", txHash, err),
		}
	}

	// Deserialize the final entry.
	region := database.BlockRegion{Hash: &chainhash.Hash{}}
	copy(region.Hash[:], hash[:])
	region.Offset = byteOrder.Uint32(serializedData[4:8])
	region.Len = byteOrder.Uint32(serializedData[8:12])

	return &region, nil
}

// dbPutIndexerTip uses an existing database transaction to update or add the
// current tip for the given index to the provided values.
func dbPutIndexerTip(dbTx database.Tx, idxKey []byte, hash *wire.ShaHash, height int32) error {
	serialized := make([]byte, wire.HashSize+4)
	copy(serialized, hash[:])
	byteOrder.PutUint32(serialized[wire.HashSize:], uint32(height))

	indexesBucket := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(indexTipsBucketName)
	return indexesBucket.Put(idxKey, serialized)
}

// dbFetchBlockIDByHash uses an existing database transaction to retrieve the
// block id for the provided hash from the index.
func dbFetchBlockIDByHash(dbTx database.Tx, hash *chainhash.Hash) (uint32, error) {
	hashIndex := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(idByHashIndexBucketName)
	serializedID := hashIndex.Get(hash[:])
	if serializedID == nil {
		return 0, errNoBlockIDEntry
	}

	return byteOrder.Uint32(serializedID), nil
}

// dbRemoveTxIndexEntry uses an existing database transaction to remove the most
// recent transaction index entry for the given hash.
func dbRemoveTxIndexEntry(dbTx database.Tx, txHash *chainhash.Hash) error {
	txIndex := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(txIndexKey)
	serializedData := txIndex.Get(txHash[:])
	if len(serializedData) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("can't remove non-existent transaction %s "+
			"from the transaction index", txHash)
	}

	return txIndex.Delete(txHash[:])
}

// Create is invoked when the indexer manager determines the index needs
// to be created for the first time.  It creates the buckets for the hash-based
// transaction index and the internal block ID indexes.
//
// This is part of the Indexer interface.
func (idx *TxIndex) Create(dbTx database.Tx) error {
	meta := dbTx.Metadata()
	if _, err := meta.CreateBucket(idByHashIndexBucketName); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := meta.CreateBucket(hashByIDIndexBucketName); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err := meta.CreateBucket(txIndexKey)
	return err
}

// dbFetchHeightByHash uses an existing database transaction to retrieve the
// height for the provided hash from the index.
func dbFetchHeightByHash(dbTx database.Tx, hash *chainhash.Hash) (int32, error) {
	meta := dbTx.Metadata()
	hashIndex := meta.Bucket(hashIndexBucketName)
	serializedHeight := hashIndex.Get(hash[:])
	if serializedHeight == nil {
		str := fmt.Sprintf("block %s is not in the main chain", hash)
		return 0, errNotInMainChain(str)
	}

	return int32(byteOrder.Uint32(serializedHeight)), nil
}

// dbFetchBlockHashBySerializedID uses an existing database transaction to
// retrieve the hash for the provided serialized block id from the index.
func dbFetchBlockHashBySerializedID(dbTx database.Tx, serializedID []byte) (*chainhash.Hash, error) {
	idIndex := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(hashByIDIndexBucketName)
	hashBytes := idIndex.Get(serializedID)
	if hashBytes == nil {
		return nil, errNoBlockIDEntry
	}

	var hash chainhash.Hash
	copy(hash[:], hashBytes)
	return &hash, nil
}

// dbPutBestState uses an existing database transaction to update the best chain
// state with the given parameters.
func dbPutBestState(dbTx database.Tx, snapshot *BestState, workSum *big.Int) error {
	// Serialize the current best chain state.
	serializedData := serializeBestChainState(bestChainState{
		hash:      *snapshot.Hash,
		height:    uint32(snapshot.Height),
		totalTxns: snapshot.TotalTxns,
		workSum:   workSum,
	})

	// Store the current best chain state into the database.
	return dbTx.Metadata().Put(chainStateKeyName, serializedData)
}

// dbFetchHeaderByHash uses an existing database transaction to retrieve the
// block header for the provided hash.
func dbFetchHeaderByHash(dbTx database.Tx, hash *chainhash.Hash) (*wire.BlockHeader, error) {
	headerBytes, err := dbTx.FetchBlockHeader(hash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var header wire.BlockHeader
	err = header.Deserialize(bytes.NewReader(headerBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &header, nil
}

// dbRemoveBlockIndex uses an existing database transaction remove block index
// entries from the hash to height and height to hash mappings for the provided
// values.
func dbRemoveBlockIndex(dbTx database.Tx, hash *chainhash.Hash, height int32) error {
	// Remove the block hash to height mapping.
	meta := dbTx.Metadata()
	hashIndex := meta.Bucket(hashIndexBucketName)
	if err := hashIndex.Delete(hash[:]); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove the block height to hash mapping.
	var serializedHeight [4]byte
	byteOrder.PutUint32(serializedHeight[:], uint32(height))
	heightIndex := meta.Bucket(heightIndexBucketName)
	return heightIndex.Delete(serializedHeight[:])
}

// dbFetchIndexerTip uses an existing database transaction to retrieve the
// hash and height of the current tip for the provided index.
func dbFetchIndexerTip(dbTx database.Tx, idxKey []byte) (*wire.ShaHash, int32, error) {
	indexesBucket := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(indexTipsBucketName)
	serialized := indexesBucket.Get(idxKey)
	if len(serialized) < wire.HashSize+4 {
		return nil, 0, database.Error{
			ErrorCode: database.ErrCorruption,
			Description: fmt.Sprintf("unexpected end of data for "+
				"index %q tip", string(idxKey)),
		}
	}

	var hash wire.ShaHash
	copy(hash[:], serialized[:wire.HashSize])
	height := int32(byteOrder.Uint32(serialized[wire.HashSize:]))
	return &hash, height, nil
}

// DisconnectBlock is invoked by the index manager when a block has been
// disconnected from the main chain.  This indexer removes the address mappings
// each transaction in the block involve.
//
// This is part of the Indexer interface.
func (idx *AddrIndex) DisconnectBlock(dbTx database.Tx, block *btcutil.Block, view *blockchain.UtxoViewpoint) error {
	// Build all of the address to transaction mappings in a local map.
	addrsToTxns := make(writeIndexData)
	idx.indexBlock(addrsToTxns, block, view)

	// Remove all of the index entries for each address.
	bucket := dbTx.Metadata().Bucket(addrIndexKey)
	for addrKey, txIdxs := range addrsToTxns {
		err := dbRemoveAddrIndexEntries(bucket, addrKey, len(txIdxs))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// dbPutBlockIDIndexEntry uses an existing database transaction to update or add
// the index entries for the hash to id and id to hash mappings for the provided
// values.
func dbPutBlockIDIndexEntry(dbTx database.Tx, hash *chainhash.Hash, id uint32) error {
	// Serialize the height for use in the index entries.
	var serializedID [4]byte
	byteOrder.PutUint32(serializedID[:], id)

	// Add the block hash to ID mapping to the index.
	meta := dbTx.Metadata()
	hashIndex := meta.Bucket(idByHashIndexBucketName)
	if err := hashIndex.Put(hash[:], serializedID[:]); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Add the block ID to hash mapping to the index.
	idIndex := meta.Bucket(hashByIDIndexBucketName)
	return idIndex.Put(serializedID[:], hash[:])
}

// dbFetchHashByHeight uses an existing database transaction to retrieve the
// hash for the provided height from the index.
func dbFetchHashByHeight(dbTx database.Tx, height int32) (*chainhash.Hash, error) {
	var serializedHeight [4]byte
	byteOrder.PutUint32(serializedHeight[:], uint32(height))

	meta := dbTx.Metadata()
	heightIndex := meta.Bucket(heightIndexBucketName)
	hashBytes := heightIndex.Get(serializedHeight[:])
	if hashBytes == nil {
		str := fmt.Sprintf("no block at height %d exists", height)
		return nil, errNotInMainChain(str)
	}

	var hash chainhash.Hash
	copy(hash[:], hashBytes)
	return &hash, nil
}

// dbRemoveBlockIDIndexEntry uses an existing database transaction remove index
// entries from the hash to id and id to hash mappings for the provided hash.
func dbRemoveBlockIDIndexEntry(dbTx database.Tx, hash *chainhash.Hash) error {
	// Remove the block hash to ID mapping.
	meta := dbTx.Metadata()
	hashIndex := meta.Bucket(idByHashIndexBucketName)
	serializedID := hashIndex.Get(hash[:])
	if serializedID == nil {
		return nil
	}
	if err := hashIndex.Delete(hash[:]); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove the block ID to hash mapping.
	idIndex := meta.Bucket(hashByIDIndexBucketName)
	return idIndex.Delete(serializedID)
}