func TestPGWireDBName(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestPGWireDBName", url.User(security.RootUser))
	pgURL.Path = "foo"
	defer cleanupFn()
	{
		db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		defer db.Close()

		if _, err := db.Exec(`CREATE DATABASE foo`); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}

		if _, err := db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE bar (i INT PRIMARY KEY)`); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	if _, err := db.Exec(`INSERT INTO bar VALUES ($1)`, 1); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
}

// Test that abruptly closing a pgwire connection releases all leases held by
// that session.
func TestPGWireConnectionCloseReleasesLeases(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	s, _, kvDB := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()
	url, cleanupConn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "SetupServer", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupConn()
	conn, err := pq.Open(url.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	ex := conn.(driver.Execer)
	if _, err := ex.Exec("CREATE DATABASE test", nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := ex.Exec("CREATE TABLE test.t (i INT PRIMARY KEY)", nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	// Start a txn so leases are accumulated by queries.
	if _, err := ex.Exec("BEGIN", nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	// Get a table lease.
	if _, err := ex.Exec("SELECT * FROM test.t", nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	// Abruptly close the connection.
	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	// Verify that there are no leases held.
	tableDesc := sqlbase.GetTableDescriptor(kvDB, "test", "t")
	lm := s.LeaseManager().(*LeaseManager)
	// Looking for a table state validates that there used to be a lease on the
	// table.
	ts := lm.findTableState(tableDesc.ID, false /* create */)
	if ts == nil {
		t.Fatal("table state not found")
	}
	ts.mu.Lock()
	leases := ts.active.data
	ts.mu.Unlock()
	if len(leases) != 1 {
		t.Fatalf("expected one lease, found: %d", len(leases))
	}
	// Wait for the lease to be released.
	util.SucceedsSoon(t, func() error {
		ts.mu.Lock()
		refcount := ts.active.data[0].refcount
		ts.mu.Unlock()
		if refcount != 0 {
			return errors.Errorf(
				"expected lease to be unused, found refcount: %d", refcount)
		}
		return nil
	})
}

func TestDumpBytes(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	c, err := newCLITest(t, false)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer c.stop(true)

	url, cleanup := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, c.ServingAddr(), "TestDumpBytes", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanup()

	conn := makeSQLConn(url.String())
	defer conn.Close()

	if err := conn.Exec(`
		CREATE DATABASE d;
		SET DATABASE = d;
		CREATE TABLE t (b BYTES PRIMARY KEY);
	`, nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	for i := int64(0); i < 256; i++ {
		if err := conn.Exec("INSERT INTO t VALUES ($1)", []driver.Value{[]byte{byte(i)}}); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}

	var b bytes.Buffer
	if err := DumpTable(&b, conn, "d", "t"); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	dump := b.String()
	b.Reset()

	if err := conn.Exec(`
		CREATE DATABASE o;
		SET DATABASE = o;
	`, nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if err := conn.Exec(dump, nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if err := DumpTable(&b, conn, "o", "t"); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	dump2 := b.String()
	if dump != dump2 {
		t.Fatalf("unmatching dumps:\n%s\n%s", dump, dump2)
	}
}

func BenchmarkPgbenchExec_Cockroach(b *testing.B) {
	defer tracing.Disable()()
	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(b, base.TestServerArgs{Insecure: true})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgUrl, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(
		b, s.ServingAddr(), "benchmarkCockroach", url.User(security.RootUser))
	pgUrl.RawQuery = "sslmode=disable"
	defer cleanupFn()

	execPgbench(b, pgUrl)
}

// TestRollbackInRestartWait ensures that a ROLLBACK while the txn is in the
// RetryWait state works.
func TestRollbackInRestartWait(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	aborter := NewTxnAborter()
	defer aborter.Close(t)
	params, _ := createTestServerParams()
	params.Knobs.SQLExecutor = aborter.executorKnobs()
	s, sqlDB, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, params)
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()
	{
		pgURL, cleanup := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestRollbackInRestartWait", url.User(security.RootUser))
		defer cleanup()
		if err := aborter.Init(pgURL); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}

	if _, err := sqlDB.Exec(`
CREATE DATABASE t;
CREATE TABLE t.test (k INT PRIMARY KEY, v TEXT);
`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Set up error injection that causes retries.
	const insertStmt = "INSERT INTO t.test(k, v) VALUES (0, 'boulanger')"
	if err := aborter.QueueStmtForAbortion(
		insertStmt, 1 /* abortCount */, false, /* willBeRetriedIbid */
	); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	tx, err := sqlDB.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := tx.Exec("SAVEPOINT cockroach_restart"); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := tx.Exec(insertStmt); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := tx.Exec("RELEASE SAVEPOINT cockroach_restart"); !testutils.IsError(
		err, "pq: restart transaction") {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	if err := tx.Rollback(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
}

// setUser sets the DB client to the specified user.
// It returns a cleanup function to be run when the credentials
// are no longer needed.
func (t *logicTest) setUser(user string) func() {
	var outDBName string

	if t.db != nil {
		var inDBName string

		if err := t.db.QueryRow("SHOW DATABASE").Scan(&inDBName); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}

		defer func() {
			if inDBName != outDBName {
				// Propagate the DATABASE setting to the newly-live connection.
				if _, err := t.db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("SET DATABASE = %s", inDBName)); err != nil {
					t.Fatal(err)
				}
			}
		}()
	}

	if t.clients == nil {
		t.clients = map[string]*gosql.DB{}
	}
	if db, ok := t.clients[user]; ok {
		t.db = db
		t.user = user

		if err := t.db.QueryRow("SHOW DATABASE").Scan(&outDBName); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}

		// No cleanup necessary, but return a no-op func to avoid nil pointer dereference.
		return func() {}
	}

	pgURL, cleanupFunc := sqlutils.PGUrl(t.T, t.srv.ServingAddr(), "TestLogic", url.User(user))
	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	t.clients[user] = db
	t.db = db
	t.user = user

	if t.verbose {
		fmt.Printf("--- new user: %s\n", user)
	}

	return cleanupFunc
}

// Names should be qualified automatically during Prepare when a database name
// was given in the connection string.
func TestPGPrepareNameQual(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestPGPrepareNameQual", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	if _, err := db.Exec(`CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS testing`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	pgURL.Path = "/testing"
	db2, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db2.Close()

	statements := []string{
		`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS f (v INT)`,
		`INSERT INTO f VALUES (42)`,
		`SELECT * FROM f`,
		`DELETE FROM f WHERE v = 42`,
		`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS f`,
	}

	for _, stmtString := range statements {
		if _, err = db2.Exec(stmtString); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}

		stmt, err := db2.Prepare(stmtString)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}

		if _, err = stmt.Exec(); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
}

func TestPGPrepareFail(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestPGPrepareFail", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	testFailures := map[string]string{
		"SELECT $1 = $1":                            "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT $1":                                 "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT $1 + $1":                            "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT CASE WHEN TRUE THEN $1 END":         "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT CASE WHEN TRUE THEN $1 ELSE $2 END": "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT $1 > 0 AND NOT $1":                  "pq: incompatible NOT argument type: int",
		"CREATE TABLE $1 (id INT)":                  "pq: syntax error at or near \"1\"\nCREATE TABLE $1 (id INT)\n             ^\n",
		"UPDATE d.t SET s = i + $1":                 "pq: unsupported binary operator: <int> + <placeholder{1}> (desired <string>)",
		"SELECT $0 > 0":                             "pq: invalid placeholder name: $0",
		"SELECT $2 > 0":                             "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT 3 + CASE (4) WHEN 4 THEN $1 END":    "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT ($1 + $1) + CURRENT_DATE()":         "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT $1 + $2, $2::FLOAT":                 "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT $1[2]":                              "pq: could not determine data type of placeholder $1",
		"SELECT ($1 + 2) + ($1 + 2.5::FLOAT)":       "pq: unsupported binary operator: <int> + <float>",
	}

	if _, err := db.Exec(`CREATE DATABASE d; CREATE TABLE d.t (i INT, s STRING, d INT)`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	for query, reason := range testFailures {
		if stmt, err := db.Prepare(query); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("expected error: %s", query)
			if err := stmt.Close(); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
		} else if err.Error() != reason {
			t.Errorf(`%s: got: %q, expected: %q`, query, err, reason)
		}
	}
}

// Test that aborted txn are only retried once.
// Prevents regressions of #8456.
func TestAbortedTxnOnlyRetriedOnce(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	aborter := NewTxnAborter()
	defer aborter.Close(t)
	params, _ := createTestServerParams()
	params.Knobs.SQLExecutor = aborter.executorKnobs()
	// Disable one phase commits because they cannot be restarted.
	params.Knobs.Store.(*storage.StoreTestingKnobs).DisableOnePhaseCommits = true
	s, sqlDB, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, params)
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()
	{
		pgURL, cleanup := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestAbortedTxnOnlyRetriedOnce", url.User(security.RootUser))
		defer cleanup()
		if err := aborter.Init(pgURL); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}

	const insertStmt = "INSERT INTO t.test(k, v) VALUES (1, 'boulanger')"
	if err := aborter.QueueStmtForAbortion(
		insertStmt, 1 /* abortCount */, true, /* willBeRetriedIbid */
	); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if _, err := sqlDB.Exec(`
CREATE DATABASE t;
CREATE TABLE t.test (k INT PRIMARY KEY, v TEXT);
`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if _, err := sqlDB.Exec(insertStmt); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}

	execCount, ok := aborter.GetExecCount(insertStmt)
	if !ok {
		t.Fatalf("aborter has no state on %q", insertStmt)
	}
	if execCount != 2 {
		t.Fatalf("expected %q to be executed 2 times, but got %d", insertStmt, execCount)
	}
}

// A DDL should return "CommandComplete", not "EmptyQuery" Response.
func TestCmdCompleteVsEmptyStatements(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(
		t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestCmdCompleteVsEmptyStatements", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	// lib/pq handles the empty query response by returning a nil driver.Result.
	// Unfortunately gosql.Exec wraps that, nil or not, in a gosql.Result which doesn't
	// expose the underlying driver.Result.
	// gosql.Result does however have methods which attempt to dereference the underlying
	// driver.Result and can thus be used to determine if it is nil.
	// TODO(dt): This would be prettier and generate better failures with testify/assert's helpers.

	// Result of a DDL (command complete) yields a non-nil underlying driver result.
	nonempty, err := db.Exec(`CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS testing`)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	_, _ = nonempty.RowsAffected() // should not panic if lib/pq returned a non-nil result.

	empty, err := db.Exec(" ; ; ;")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	rows, err := empty.RowsAffected()
	if rows != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("expected 0 rows, got %d", rows)
	}
	if err == nil {
		t.Fatal("expected error")
	}
}

func (t *parallelTest) getClient(nodeIdx, clientIdx int) *gosql.DB {
	for len(t.clients[nodeIdx]) <= clientIdx {
		// Add a client.
		pgURL, cleanupFunc := sqlutils.PGUrl(t.T,
			t.cluster.Server(nodeIdx).ServingAddr(),
			"TestParallel",
			url.User(security.RootUser))
		db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		sqlutils.MakeSQLRunner(t, db).Exec("SET DATABASE = test")
		t.cluster.Stopper().AddCloser(
			stop.CloserFn(func() {
				_ = db.Close()
				cleanupFunc()
			}))
		t.clients[nodeIdx] = append(t.clients[nodeIdx], db)
	}
	return t.clients[nodeIdx][clientIdx]
}

func TestPrepareSyntax(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestPrepareSyntax", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	const strTest = `SELECT """test"""`

	if _, err := db.Exec(`SET SYNTAX = traditional`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := db.Prepare(strTest); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("expected error")
	}

	if _, err := db.Exec(`SET SYNTAX = modern`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	stmt, err := db.Prepare(strTest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	}
	var v string
	if err := stmt.QueryRow().Scan(&v); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
	} else if v != "test" {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %q", v)
	}
}

// StartServer creates a test server and sets up a gosql DB connection.
// The server should be stopped by calling server.Stopper().Stop().
func StartServer(
	t testing.TB, params base.TestServerArgs,
) (TestServerInterface, *gosql.DB, *client.DB) {
	server, err := StartServerRaw(params)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	kvClient := server.KVClient().(*client.DB)
	pgURL, cleanupGoDB := sqlutils.PGUrl(
		t, server.ServingAddr(), "StartServer", url.User(security.RootUser))
	pgURL.Path = params.UseDatabase
	goDB, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	server.Stopper().AddCloser(
		stop.CloserFn(func() {
			_ = goDB.Close()
			cleanupGoDB()
		}))
	return server, goDB, kvClient
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
			[]preparedExecTest{
				baseTest.RowsAffected(1).SetArgs(
					int64(0),
					float64(0),
					"",
					[]byte{},
					time.Time{}, // date
					time.Time{}, // timestamp
					time.Time{}, // timestamptz
					time.Hour.String(),
					true,
					"0.0", // decimal
				),
			},
		},
		{
			"DROP DATABASE d",
			[]preparedExecTest{
				baseTest,
			},
		},
		// An empty string is valid in postgres.
		{
			"",
			[]preparedExecTest{
				baseTest.RowsAffectedErr("no RowsAffected available after the empty statement"),
			},
		},
		// Empty statements are permitted.
		{
			";",
			[]preparedExecTest{
				baseTest.RowsAffectedErr("no RowsAffected available after the empty statement"),
			},
		},
		// Any number of empty statements are permitted with a single statement
		// anywhere.
		{
			"; ; SET DATABASE = system; ;",
			[]preparedExecTest{
				baseTest,
			},
		},
	}

	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestPGPreparedExec", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	runTests := func(query string, tests []preparedExecTest, execFunc func(...interface{}) (gosql.Result, error)) {
		for _, test := range tests {
			if testing.Verbose() || log.V(1) {
				log.Infof(context.Background(), "exec: %s", query)
			}
			if result, err := execFunc(test.qargs...); err != nil {
				if test.error == "" {
					t.Errorf("%s: %v: unexpected error: %s", query, test.qargs, err)
				} else if err.Error() != test.error {
					t.Errorf("%s: %v: expected error: %s, got %s", query, test.qargs, test.error, err)
				}
			} else {
				rowsAffected, err := result.RowsAffected()
				if !testutils.IsError(err, test.rowsAffectedErr) {
					t.Errorf("%s: %v: expected %q, got %v", query, test.qargs, test.rowsAffectedErr, err)
				} else if rowsAffected != test.rowsAffected {
					t.Errorf("%s: %v: expected %v, got %v", query, test.qargs, test.rowsAffected, rowsAffected)
				}
			}
		}
	}

	for _, execTest := range execTests {
		runTests(execTest.query, execTest.tests, func(args ...interface{}) (gosql.Result, error) {
			return db.Exec(execTest.query, args...)
		})
	}

	for _, execTest := range execTests {
		if testing.Verbose() || log.V(1) {
			log.Infof(context.Background(), "prepare: %s", execTest.query)
		}
		if stmt, err := db.Prepare(execTest.query); err != nil {
			t.Errorf("%s: prepare error: %s", execTest.query, err)
		} else {
			func() {
				defer stmt.Close()

				runTests(execTest.query, execTest.tests, stmt.Exec)
			}()
		}
	}
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
		"SELECT ANNOTATE_TYPE($1, int)": {
			baseTest.SetArgs(12).Results(12),
		},
		"SELECT $1 + $2, ANNOTATE_TYPE($2, float)": {
			baseTest.SetArgs(12, 23).Results(35, 23),
		},
		"INSERT INTO d.T VALUES ($1 + 1) RETURNING a": {
			baseTest.SetArgs(1).Results(2),
			baseTest.SetArgs(11).Results(12),
		},
		"INSERT INTO d.T VALUES (-$1) RETURNING a": {
			baseTest.SetArgs(1).Results(-1),
			baseTest.SetArgs(-999).Results(999),
		},
		"INSERT INTO d.two (a, b) VALUES (~$1, $1 + $2) RETURNING a, b": {
			baseTest.SetArgs(5, 6).Results(-6, 11),
		},
		"INSERT INTO d.str (s) VALUES (LEFT($1, 3)) RETURNING s": {
			baseTest.SetArgs("abcdef").Results("abc"),
			baseTest.SetArgs("123456").Results("123"),
		},
		"INSERT INTO d.str (b) VALUES (COALESCE($1, 'strLit')) RETURNING b": {
			baseTest.SetArgs(nil).Results("strLit"),
			baseTest.SetArgs("123456").Results("123456"),
		},
		"INSERT INTO d.intStr VALUES ($1, 'hello ' || $1::TEXT) RETURNING *": {
			baseTest.SetArgs(123).Results(123, "hello 123"),
		},
	}

	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestPGPreparedQuery", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()

	runTests := func(query string, prepared bool, tests []preparedQueryTest, queryFunc func(...interface{}) (*gosql.Rows, error)) {
		for _, test := range tests {
			if testing.Verbose() || log.V(1) {
				log.Infof(context.Background(), "query: %s", query)
			}
			rows, err := queryFunc(test.qargs...)
			if err != nil {
				if test.error == "" {
					t.Errorf("%s: %v: unexpected error: %s", query, test.qargs, err)
				} else {
					expectedErr := test.error
					if prepared && test.preparedError != "" {
						expectedErr = test.preparedError
					}
					if err.Error() != expectedErr {
						t.Errorf("%s: %v: expected error: %s, got %s", query, test.qargs, expectedErr, err)
					}
					continue
				}
			}
			defer rows.Close()

			if test.error != "" {
				t.Errorf("expected error: %s: %v", query, test.qargs)

// TestDumpRandom generates a random number of random rows with all data
// types. This data is dumped, inserted, and dumped again. The two dumps
// are compared for exactness. The data from the inserted dump is then
// SELECT'd and compared to the original generated data to ensure it is
// round-trippable.
func TestDumpRandom(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	c, err := newCLITest(t, false)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer c.stop(true)

	url, cleanup := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, c.ServingAddr(), "TestDumpRandom", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanup()

	conn := makeSQLConn(url.String())
	defer conn.Close()

	if err := conn.Exec(`
		CREATE DATABASE d;
		CREATE DATABASE o;
		CREATE TABLE d.t (
			rowid int,
			i int,
			f float,
			d date,
			m timestamp,
			n interval,
			o bool,
			e decimal,
			s string,
			b bytes,
			PRIMARY KEY (rowid, i, f, d, m, n, o, e, s, b)
		);
	`, nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	rnd, seed := randutil.NewPseudoRand()
	t.Logf("random seed: %v", seed)

	start := timeutil.Now()

	for iteration := 0; timeutil.Since(start) < *randomTestTime; iteration++ {
		if err := conn.Exec(`DELETE FROM d.t`, nil); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		var generatedRows [][]driver.Value
		count := rnd.Int63n(500)
		t.Logf("random iteration %v: %v rows", iteration, count)
		for _i := int64(0); _i < count; _i++ {
			// Generate a random number of random inserts.
			i := rnd.Int63()
			f := rnd.Float64()
			d := time.Unix(0, rnd.Int63()).Round(time.Hour * 24).UTC()
			m := time.Unix(0, rnd.Int63()).Round(time.Microsecond).UTC()
			n := time.Duration(rnd.Int63()).String()
			o := rnd.Intn(2) == 1
			e := strings.TrimRight(inf.NewDec(rnd.Int63(), inf.Scale(rnd.Int31n(20)-10)).String(), ".0")
			sr := make([]byte, rnd.Intn(500))
			if _, err := rnd.Read(sr); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
			s := make([]byte, 0, len(sr))
			for _, b := range sr {
				r := rune(b)
				if !utf8.ValidRune(r) {
					continue
				}
				s = append(s, []byte(string(r))...)
			}
			b := make([]byte, rnd.Intn(500))
			if _, err := rnd.Read(b); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}

			vals := []driver.Value{
				_i,
				i,
				f,
				d,
				m,
				[]byte(n), // intervals come out as `[]byte`s
				o,
				[]byte(e), // decimals come out as `[]byte`s
				string(s),
				b,
			}
			if err := conn.Exec("INSERT INTO d.t VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10)", vals); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
			generatedRows = append(generatedRows, vals[1:])
		}

		check := func(table string) {
			q := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT i, f, d, m, n, o, e, s, b FROM %s ORDER BY rowid", table)
			nrows, err := conn.Query(q, nil)
			if err != nil {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Unfortunately lib/pq doesn't expose returned command tags directly, but we can test
// the methods where it depends on their values (Begin, Commit, RowsAffected for INSERTs).
func TestPGCommandTags(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	s, _, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestPGCommandTags", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	db, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer db.Close()
	if _, err := db.Exec(`CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS testing`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE testing.tags (k INT PRIMARY KEY, v INT)`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Begin will error if the returned tag is not BEGIN.
	tx, err := db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Commit also checks the correct tag is returned.
	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	tx, err = db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if _, err := tx.Exec("INSERT INTO testing.tags VALUES (4, 1)"); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	// Rollback also checks the correct tag is returned.
	if err := tx.Rollback(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	tx, err = db.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	// An error will abort the server's transaction.
	if _, err := tx.Exec("INSERT INTO testing.tags VALUES (4, 1), (4, 1)"); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("expected an error on duplicate k")
	}
	// Rollback, even of an aborted txn, should also return the correct tag.
	if err := tx.Rollback(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// lib/pq has a special-case for INSERT (due to oids), so test insert and update statements.
	res, err := db.Exec("INSERT INTO testing.tags VALUES (1, 1), (2, 2)")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if affected != 2 {
		t.Fatal("unexpected number of rows affected:", affected)
	}

	res, err = db.Exec("INSERT INTO testing.tags VALUES (3, 3)")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	affected, err = res.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if affected != 1 {
		t.Fatal("unexpected number of rows affected:", affected)
	}

	res, err = db.Exec("UPDATE testing.tags SET v = 3")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	affected, err = res.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if affected != 3 {
		t.Fatal("unexpected number of rows affected:", affected)
	}
}

func TestLogRebalances(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	s, _, db := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	// Use a client to get the RangeDescriptor for the first range. We will use
	// this range's information to log fake rebalance events.
	desc := &roachpb.RangeDescriptor{}
	if err := db.GetProto(context.TODO(), keys.RangeDescriptorKey(roachpb.RKeyMin), desc); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// This code assumes that there is only one TestServer, and thus that
	// StoreID 1 is present on the testserver. If this assumption changes in the
	// future, *any* store will work, but a new method will need to be added to
	// Stores (or a creative usage of VisitStores could suffice).
	store, err := s.(*server.TestServer).Stores().GetStore(roachpb.StoreID(1))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Log several fake events using the store.
	logEvent := func(changeType roachpb.ReplicaChangeType) {
		if err := db.Txn(context.TODO(), func(txn *client.Txn) error {
			return store.LogReplicaChangeTest(txn, changeType, desc.Replicas[0], *desc)
		}); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
	checkMetrics := func(expAdds, expRemoves int64) {
		if a, e := store.Metrics().RangeAdds.Count(), expAdds; a != e {
			t.Errorf("range adds %d != expected %d", a, e)
		}
		if a, e := store.Metrics().RangeRemoves.Count(), expRemoves; a != e {
			t.Errorf("range removes %d != expected %d", a, e)
		}
	}
	logEvent(roachpb.ADD_REPLICA)
	checkMetrics(1 /*add*/, 0 /*remove*/)
	logEvent(roachpb.ADD_REPLICA)
	checkMetrics(2 /*adds*/, 0 /*remove*/)
	logEvent(roachpb.REMOVE_REPLICA)
	checkMetrics(2 /*adds*/, 1 /*remove*/)

	// Open a SQL connection to verify that the events have been logged.
	pgURL, cleanupFn := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestLogRebalances", url.User(security.RootUser))
	defer cleanupFn()

	sqlDB, err := gosql.Open("postgres", pgURL.String())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer sqlDB.Close()

	// verify that two add replica events have been logged.
	// TODO(mrtracy): placeholders still appear to be broken, this query should
	// be using a string placeholder for the eventType value.
	rows, err := sqlDB.Query(`SELECT rangeID, info FROM system.rangelog WHERE eventType = 'add'`)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	var count int
	for rows.Next() {
		count++
		var rangeID int64
		var infoStr gosql.NullString
		if err := rows.Scan(&rangeID, &infoStr); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}

		if a, e := roachpb.RangeID(rangeID), desc.RangeID; a != e {
			t.Errorf("wrong rangeID %d recorded for add event, expected %d", a, e)
		}
		// Verify that info returns a json struct.
		if !infoStr.Valid {
			t.Errorf("info not recorded for add replica of range %d", rangeID)
		}
		var info struct {
			AddReplica  roachpb.ReplicaDescriptor
			UpdatedDesc roachpb.RangeDescriptor
		}
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(infoStr.String), &info); err != nil {
			t.Errorf("error unmarshalling info string for add replica %d: %s", rangeID, err)
			continue
		}
		if int64(info.UpdatedDesc.RangeID) != rangeID {
			t.Errorf("recorded wrong updated descriptor %s for add replica of range %d", info.UpdatedDesc, rangeID)
		}
		if a, e := info.AddReplica, desc.Replicas[0]; a != e {
			t.Errorf("recorded wrong updated replica %s for add replica of range %d, expected %s",
				a, rangeID, e)
		}
	}
	if rows.Err() != nil {
		t.Fatal(rows.Err())
	}
	if a, e := count, 2; a != e {
		t.Errorf("expected %d AddReplica events logged, found %d", e, a)
	}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Test that a COMMIT getting an error, retryable or not, leaves the txn
// finalized and not in Aborted/RestartWait (i.e. COMMIT, like ROLLBACK, is
// always final). As opposed to an error on a COMMIT in an auto-retry
// txn, where we retry the txn (not tested here).
func TestErrorOnCommitFinalizesTxn(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	aborter := NewTxnAborter()
	defer aborter.Close(t)
	params, _ := createTestServerParams()
	params.Knobs.SQLExecutor = aborter.executorKnobs()
	s, sqlDB, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, params)
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()
	{
		pgURL, cleanup := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestErrorOnCommitFinalizesTxn", url.User(security.RootUser))
		defer cleanup()
		if err := aborter.Init(pgURL); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}

	if _, err := sqlDB.Exec(`
CREATE DATABASE t; CREATE TABLE t.test (k INT PRIMARY KEY, v TEXT);
`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	// We need to do everything on one connection as we'll want to observe the
	// connection state after a COMMIT.
	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(1)

	// We're going to test both errors that would leave the transaction in the
	// RestartWait state and errors that would leave the transaction in Aborted,
	// if they were to happen on any other statement than COMMIT.
	// We do that by always injecting a retryable error at COMMIT, but once in a
	// txn that had a "retry intent" (SAVEPOINT cockroach_restart), and once in a
	// txn without it.
	testCases := []struct {
		retryIntent bool
	}{
		{false},
		{true},
	}
	for _, tc := range testCases {
		const insertStmt = "INSERT INTO t.test(k, v) VALUES (0, 'boulanger')"
		if err := aborter.QueueStmtForAbortion(
			insertStmt, 1 /* abortCount */, false, /* willBeRetriedIbid */
		); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if _, err := sqlDB.Exec("BEGIN"); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if tc.retryIntent {
			if _, err := sqlDB.Exec("SAVEPOINT cockroach_restart"); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
		}
		if _, err := sqlDB.Exec(insertStmt); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if _, err := sqlDB.Exec("COMMIT"); !testutils.IsError(err, "pq: restart transaction") {
			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
		}

		// Check that we can start another txn on the (one and only) connection.
		if _, err := sqlDB.Exec("BEGIN"); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		// Check that we don't see any rows, so the previous txn was rolled back.
		rows, err := sqlDB.Query("SELECT * FROM t.test")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if rows.Next() {
			var k int
			var v string
			err := rows.Scan(&k, &v)
			t.Fatalf("found unexpected row: %d %s, %v", k, v, err)
		}
		rows.Close()
		if _, err := sqlDB.Exec("END"); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
}

// TestUserTxnRestart tests user-directed txn restarts.
// The test will inject and otherwise create retriable errors of various kinds
// and checks that we still manage to run a txn despite them.
func TestTxnUserRestart(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	aborter := NewTxnAborter()
	defer aborter.Close(t)
	params, cmdFilters := createTestServerParams()
	params.Knobs.SQLExecutor = aborter.executorKnobs()
	s, sqlDB, _ := serverutils.StartServer(t, params)
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()
	{
		pgURL, cleanup := sqlutils.PGUrl(t, s.ServingAddr(), "TestTxnUserRestart", url.User(security.RootUser))
		defer cleanup()
		if err := aborter.Init(pgURL); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}

	if _, err := sqlDB.Exec(`
CREATE DATABASE t;
CREATE TABLE t.test (k INT PRIMARY KEY, v TEXT);
`); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Set up error injection that causes retries.
	testCases := []struct {
		magicVals   *filterVals
		expectedErr string
	}{
		{
			magicVals: createFilterVals(
				map[string]int{"boulanger": 2}, // restartCounts
				nil),
			expectedErr: ".*encountered previous write with future timestamp.*",
		},
		{
			magicVals: createFilterVals(
				nil,
				map[string]int{"boulanger": 2}), // abortCounts
			expectedErr: ".*txn aborted.*",
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range testCases {
		for _, rs := range []rollbackStrategy{rollbackToSavepoint, declareSavepoint} {
			cleanupFilter := cmdFilters.AppendFilter(
				func(args storagebase.FilterArgs) *roachpb.Error {
					if err := injectErrors(args.Req, args.Hdr, tc.magicVals); err != nil {
						return roachpb.NewErrorWithTxn(err, args.Hdr.Txn)
					}
					return nil
				}, false)

			// Also inject an error at RELEASE time, besides the error injected by magicVals.
			const sentinelInsert = "INSERT INTO t.test(k, v) VALUES (0, 'sentinel')"
			if err := aborter.QueueStmtForAbortion(
				sentinelInsert, 1 /* abortCount */, true, /* willBeRetriedIbid */
			); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}

			commitCount := s.MustGetSQLCounter(sql.MetaTxnCommit.Name)
			// This is the magic. Run the txn closure until all the retries are exhausted.
			retryExec(t, sqlDB, rs, func(tx *gosql.Tx) bool {
				return runTestTxn(t, tc.magicVals, tc.expectedErr, sqlDB, tx, sentinelInsert)
			})
			checkRestarts(t, tc.magicVals)

			// Check that we only wrote the sentinel row.
			rows, err := sqlDB.Query("SELECT * FROM t.test")
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
			for rows.Next() {
				var k int
				var v string
				err = rows.Scan(&k, &v)
				if err != nil {
					t.Fatal(err)
				}
				if k != 0 || v != "sentinel" {
					t.Fatalf("didn't find expected row: %d %s", k, v)
				}
			}
			// Check that the commit counter was incremented. It could have been
			// incremented by more than 1 because of the transactions we use to force
			// aborts, plus who knows what else the server is doing in the background.
			checkCou