// TestTimestampCacheReadVsWrite verifies that the timestamp cache
// can differentiate between read and write timestamp.
func TestTimestampCacheReadVsWrite(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	manual := hlc.NewManualClock(0)
	clock := hlc.NewClock(manual.UnixNano)
	tc := NewTimestampCache(clock)

	// Add read-only non-txn entry at current time.
	ts1 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("a"), roachpb.Key("b"), ts1, nil, true)

	// Add two successive txn entries; one read-only and one read-write.
	txn1ID := uuid.NewV4()
	txn2ID := uuid.NewV4()
	ts2 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, ts2, txn1ID, true)
	ts3 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, ts3, txn2ID, false)

	// Fetching with no transaction gets latest values.
	if rTS, wTS := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, nil), tc.GetMaxWrite(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, nil); !rTS.Equal(ts2) || !wTS.Equal(ts3) {
		t.Errorf("expected %s %s; got %s %s", ts2, ts3, rTS, wTS)
	}
	// Fetching with txn ID "1" gets low water mark for read and most recent for write.
	if rTS, wTS := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, txn1ID), tc.GetMaxWrite(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, txn1ID); !rTS.Equal(tc.lowWater) || !wTS.Equal(ts3) {
		t.Errorf("expected %s %s; got %s %s", ts1, ts3, rTS, wTS)
	}
	// Fetching with txn ID "2" gets ts2 for read and low water mark for write.
	if rTS, wTS := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, txn2ID), tc.GetMaxWrite(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, txn2ID); !rTS.Equal(ts2) || !wTS.Equal(tc.lowWater) {
		t.Errorf("expected %s %s; got %s %s", ts2, tc.lowWater, rTS, wTS)
	}
}

// TestTimestampCacheWithTxnID verifies that timestamps matching
// the specified txn ID are ignored.
func TestTimestampCacheWithTxnID(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	manual := hlc.NewManualClock(0)
	clock := hlc.NewClock(manual.UnixNano)
	tc := NewTimestampCache(clock)

	// Add two successive txn entries.
	txn1ID := uuid.NewV4()
	txn2ID := uuid.NewV4()
	ts1 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("a"), roachpb.Key("c"), ts1, txn1ID, true)
	ts2 := clock.Now()
	// This entry will remove "a"-"b" from the cache.
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("b"), roachpb.Key("d"), ts2, txn2ID, true)

	// Fetching with no transaction gets latest value.
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, nil); !ts.Equal(ts2) || !ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts2, ts, ok)
	}
	// Fetching with txn ID "1" gets most recent.
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, txn1ID); !ts.Equal(ts2) || !ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts2, ts, ok)
	}
	// Fetching with txn ID "2" skips most recent.
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, txn2ID); !ts.Equal(tc.lowWater) || ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts1, ts, ok)
	}
}

// TestTimestampCacheReplacements verifies that a newer entry
// in the timestamp cache which completely "covers" an older
// entry will replace it.
func TestTimestampCacheReplacements(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	manual := hlc.NewManualClock(0)
	clock := hlc.NewClock(manual.UnixNano)
	tc := NewTimestampCache(clock)

	txn1ID := uuid.NewV4()
	txn2ID := uuid.NewV4()

	ts1 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, ts1, nil, true)
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, nil); !ts.Equal(ts1) || !ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts1, ts, ok)
	}
	// Write overlapping value with txn1 and verify with txn1--we should get
	// low water mark, not ts1.
	ts2 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, ts2, txn1ID, true)
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, txn1ID); !ts.Equal(tc.lowWater) || ok {
		t.Errorf("expected low water (empty) time; got %s; ok=%t", ts, ok)
	}
	// Write range which overlaps "a" with txn2 and verify with txn2--we should
	// get low water mark, not ts2.
	ts3 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("a"), roachpb.Key("c"), ts3, txn2ID, true)
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, txn2ID); !ts.Equal(tc.lowWater) || ok {
		t.Errorf("expected low water (empty) time; got %s; ok=%t", ts, ok)
	}
	// Also, verify txn1 sees ts3.
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("a"), nil, txn1ID); !ts.Equal(ts3) || !ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts3, ts, ok)
	}
	// Now, write to "b" with a higher timestamp and no txn. Should be
	// visible to all txns.
	ts4 := clock.Now()
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, ts4, nil, true)
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, nil); !ts.Equal(ts4) || !ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts4, ts, ok)
	}
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, txn1ID); !ts.Equal(ts4) || !ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts4, ts, ok)
	}
	// Finally, write an earlier version of "a"; should simply get
	// tossed and we should see ts4 still.
	tc.Add(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, ts1, nil, true)
	if ts, ok := tc.GetMaxRead(roachpb.Key("b"), nil, nil); !ts.Equal(ts4) || !ok {
		t.Errorf("expected %s; got %s; ok=%t", ts4, ts, ok)
	}
}

// TestSender mocks out some of the txn coordinator sender's
// functionality. It responds to PutRequests using testPutResp.
func newTestSender(pre, post func(roachpb.BatchRequest) (*roachpb.BatchResponse, *roachpb.Error)) SenderFunc {
	txnKey := roachpb.Key("test-txn")
	txnID := uuid.NewV4()

	return func(_ context.Context, ba roachpb.BatchRequest) (*roachpb.BatchResponse, *roachpb.Error) {
		if ba.UserPriority == 0 {
			ba.UserPriority = 1
		}
		if ba.Txn != nil && ba.Txn.ID == nil {
			ba.Txn.Key = txnKey
			ba.Txn.ID = txnID
		}

		var br *roachpb.BatchResponse
		var pErr *roachpb.Error
		if pre != nil {
			br, pErr = pre(ba)
		} else {
			br = ba.CreateReply()
		}
		if pErr != nil {
			return nil, pErr
		}
		var writing bool
		status := roachpb.PENDING
		for i, req := range ba.Requests {
			args := req.GetInner()
			if _, ok := args.(*roachpb.PutRequest); ok {
				testPutRespCopy := testPutResp
				union := &br.Responses[i] // avoid operating on copy
				union.MustSetInner(&testPutRespCopy)
			}
			if roachpb.IsTransactionWrite(args) {
				writing = true
			}
		}
		if args, ok := ba.GetArg(roachpb.EndTransaction); ok {
			et := args.(*roachpb.EndTransactionRequest)
			writing = true
			if et.Commit {
				status = roachpb.COMMITTED
			} else {
				status = roachpb.ABORTED
			}
		}
		if ba.Txn != nil {
			txnClone := ba.Txn.Clone()
			br.Txn = &txnClone
			if pErr == nil {
				br.Txn.Writing = writing
				br.Txn.Status = status
			}
		}

		if post != nil {
			br, pErr = post(ba)
		}
		return br, pErr
	}
}

// TestSender mocks out some of the txn coordinator sender's
// functionality. It responds to PutRequests using testPutResp.
func newTestSender(pre, post func(roachpb.BatchRequest) (*roachpb.BatchResponse, *roachpb.Error)) SenderFunc {
	txnKey := roachpb.Key("test-txn")
	txnID := uuid.NewV4()

	return func(_ context.Context, ba roachpb.BatchRequest) (*roachpb.BatchResponse, *roachpb.Error) {
		ba.UserPriority = 1
		if ba.Txn != nil && ba.Txn.ID == nil {
			ba.Txn.Key = txnKey
			ba.Txn.ID = txnID
		}

		var br *roachpb.BatchResponse
		var pErr *roachpb.Error
		if pre != nil {
			br, pErr = pre(ba)
		} else {
			br = ba.CreateReply()
		}
		if pErr != nil {
			return nil, pErr
		}
		var writing bool
		status := roachpb.PENDING
		for i, req := range ba.Requests {
			args := req.GetInner()
			if _, ok := args.(*roachpb.PutRequest); ok {
				if !br.Responses[i].SetValue(util.CloneProto(testPutResp).(roachpb.Response)) {
					panic("failed to set put response")
				}
			}
			if roachpb.IsTransactionWrite(args) {
				writing = true
			}
		}
		if args, ok := ba.GetArg(roachpb.EndTransaction); ok {
			et := args.(*roachpb.EndTransactionRequest)
			writing = true
			if et.Commit {
				status = roachpb.COMMITTED
			} else {
				status = roachpb.ABORTED
			}
		}
		if ba.Txn != nil {
			txnClone := ba.Txn.Clone()
			br.Txn = &txnClone
			if pErr == nil {
				br.Txn.Writing = writing
				br.Txn.Status = status
			}
		}

		if post != nil {
			br, pErr = post(ba)
		}
		return br, pErr
	}
}

// createRangeData creates sample range data in all possible areas of
// the key space. Returns a slice of the encoded keys of all created
// data.
func createRangeData(t *testing.T, r *Replica) []engine.MVCCKey {
	ts0 := hlc.ZeroTimestamp
	ts := hlc.Timestamp{WallTime: 1}
	desc := r.Desc()
	keyTSs := []struct {
		key roachpb.Key
		ts  hlc.Timestamp
	}{
		{keys.AbortCacheKey(r.RangeID, testTxnID), ts0},
		{keys.AbortCacheKey(r.RangeID, testTxnID2), ts0},
		{keys.RangeFrozenStatusKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RangeLastGCKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RaftAppliedIndexKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RaftTruncatedStateKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.LeaseAppliedIndexKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RangeStatsKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RaftHardStateKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RaftLastIndexKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RaftLogKey(r.RangeID, 1), ts0},
		{keys.RaftLogKey(r.RangeID, 2), ts0},
		{keys.RangeLastReplicaGCTimestampKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RangeLastVerificationTimestampKey(r.RangeID), ts0},
		{keys.RangeDescriptorKey(desc.StartKey), ts},
		{keys.TransactionKey(roachpb.Key(desc.StartKey), uuid.NewV4()), ts0},
		{keys.TransactionKey(roachpb.Key(desc.StartKey.Next()), uuid.NewV4()), ts0},
		{keys.TransactionKey(fakePrevKey(desc.EndKey), uuid.NewV4()), ts0},
		// TODO(bdarnell): KeyMin.Next() results in a key in the reserved system-local space.
		// Once we have resolved https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues/437,
		// replace this with something that reliably generates the first valid key in the range.
		//{r.Desc().StartKey.Next(), ts},
		// The following line is similar to StartKey.Next() but adds more to the key to
		// avoid falling into the system-local space.
		{append(append([]byte{}, desc.StartKey...), '\x02'), ts},
		{fakePrevKey(r.Desc().EndKey), ts},
	}

	keys := []engine.MVCCKey{}
	for _, keyTS := range keyTSs {
		if err := engine.MVCCPut(context.Background(), r.store.Engine(), nil, keyTS.key, keyTS.ts, roachpb.MakeValueFromString("value"), nil); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		keys = append(keys, engine.MVCCKey{Key: keyTS.key, Timestamp: keyTS.ts})
	}
	return keys
}

func TestTxnIDEqual(t *testing.T) {
	txn1, txn2 := uuid.NewV4(), uuid.NewV4()
	txn1Copy := *txn1

	testCases := []struct {
		a, b     *uuid.UUID
		expEqual bool
	}{
		{txn1, txn1, true},
		{txn1, txn2, false},
		{txn1, &txn1Copy, true},
	}
	for i, test := range testCases {
		if eq := TxnIDEqual(test.a, test.b); eq != test.expEqual {
			t.Errorf("%d: expected %q == %q: %t; got %t", i, test.a, test.b, test.expEqual, eq)
		}
	}
}

func TestKeyAddress(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		key        roachpb.Key
		expAddress roachpb.RKey
	}{
		{roachpb.Key{}, roachpb.RKeyMin},
		{roachpb.Key("123"), roachpb.RKey("123")},
		{RangeDescriptorKey(roachpb.RKey("foo")), roachpb.RKey("foo")},
		{TransactionKey(roachpb.Key("baz"), uuid.NewV4()), roachpb.RKey("baz")},
		{TransactionKey(roachpb.KeyMax, uuid.NewV4()), roachpb.RKeyMax},
		{nil, nil},
	}
	for i, test := range testCases {
		result := Addr(test.key)
		if !result.Equal(test.expAddress) {
			t.Errorf("%d: expected address for key %q doesn't match %q", i, test.key, test.expAddress)
		}
	}
}

// TestTxnCoordSenderErrorWithIntent validates that if a transactional request
// returns an error but also indicates a Writing transaction, the coordinator
// tracks it just like a successful request.
func TestTxnCoordSenderErrorWithIntent(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	stopper := stop.NewStopper()
	defer stopper.Stop()
	manual := hlc.NewManualClock(0)
	clock := hlc.NewClock(manual.UnixNano)
	clock.SetMaxOffset(20)

	testCases := []struct {
		roachpb.Error
		errMsg string
	}{
		{*roachpb.NewError(roachpb.NewTransactionRetryError()), "retry txn"},
		{*roachpb.NewError(roachpb.NewTransactionPushError(roachpb.Transaction{
			TxnMeta: enginepb.TxnMeta{
				ID: uuid.NewV4(),
			}})), "failed to push"},
		{*roachpb.NewErrorf("testError"), "testError"},
	}
	for i, test := range testCases {
		func() {
			senderFunc := func(_ context.Context, ba roachpb.BatchRequest) (*roachpb.BatchResponse, *roachpb.Error) {
				txn := ba.Txn.Clone()
				txn.Writing = true
				pErr := &roachpb.Error{}
				*pErr = test.Error
				pErr.SetTxn(&txn)
				return nil, pErr
			}
			ctx := tracing.WithTracer(context.Background(), tracing.NewTracer())
			ts := NewTxnCoordSender(ctx, senderFn(senderFunc), clock, false, stopper, MakeTxnMetrics())

			var ba roachpb.BatchRequest
			key := roachpb.Key("test")
			ba.Add(&roachpb.BeginTransactionRequest{Span: roachpb.Span{Key: key}})
			ba.Add(&roachpb.PutRequest{Span: roachpb.Span{Key: key}})
			ba.Add(&roachpb.EndTransactionRequest{})
			ba.Txn = &roachpb.Transaction{Name: "test"}
			_, pErr := ts.Send(context.Background(), ba)
			if !testutils.IsPError(pErr, test.errMsg) {
				t.Errorf("%d: error did not match %s: %v", i, test.errMsg, pErr)
			}

			defer teardownHeartbeats(ts)
			ts.Lock()
			defer ts.Unlock()
			if len(ts.txns) != 1 {
				t.Errorf("%d: expected transaction to be tracked", i)
			}
		}()
	}
}

func TestTxnEqual(t *testing.T) {
	tc := []struct {
		txn1, txn2 *Transaction
		eq         bool
	}{
		{nil, nil, true},
		{&Transaction{}, nil, false},
		{&Transaction{TxnMeta: enginepb.TxnMeta{ID: uuid.NewV4()}}, &Transaction{TxnMeta: enginepb.TxnMeta{ID: uuid.NewV4()}}, false},
	}
	for i, c := range tc {
		if c.txn1.Equal(c.txn2) != c.txn2.Equal(c.txn1) || c.txn1.Equal(c.txn2) != c.eq {
			t.Errorf("%d: wanted %t", i, c.eq)
		}
	}
}

func TestCloneProto(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		pb          proto.Message
		shouldPanic bool
	}{
		{&roachpb.StoreIdent{}, false},
		{&roachpb.StoreIdent{ClusterID: uuid.MakeV4()}, true},
		{&roachpb.TxnMeta{}, false},
		{&roachpb.TxnMeta{ID: uuid.NewV4()}, true},
		{&roachpb.Transaction{}, false},
		{&config.ZoneConfig{RangeMinBytes: 123, RangeMaxBytes: 456}, false},
	}
	for _, tc := range testCases {
		var clone proto.Message
		var panicObj interface{}
		func() {
			defer func() {
				panicObj = recover()
			}()
			clone = protoutil.Clone(tc.pb)
		}()

		if tc.shouldPanic {
			if panicObj == nil {
				t.Errorf("%T: expected panic but didn't get one", tc.pb)
			}
		} else {
			if panicObj != nil {
				if panicStr := fmt.Sprint(panicObj); !strings.Contains(panicStr, "attempt to clone") {
					t.Errorf("%T: got unexpected panic %s", tc.pb, panicStr)
				}
			}
		}

		if panicObj == nil {
			realClone := proto.Clone(tc.pb)
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(clone, realClone) {
				t.Errorf("%T: clone did not equal original. expected:\n%+v\ngot:\n%+v", tc.pb, realClone, clone)
			}
		}
	}
}

// NewTransaction creates a new transaction. The transaction key is
// composed using the specified baseKey (for locality with data
// affected by the transaction) and a random ID to guarantee
// uniqueness. The specified user-level priority is combined with a
// randomly chosen value to yield a final priority, used to settle
// write conflicts in a way that avoids starvation of long-running
// transactions (see Replica.PushTxn).
func NewTransaction(name string, baseKey Key, userPriority UserPriority,
	isolation IsolationType, now Timestamp, maxOffset int64) *Transaction {
	// Compute priority by adjusting based on userPriority factor.
	priority := MakePriority(userPriority)
	// Compute timestamp and max timestamp.
	max := now
	max.WallTime += maxOffset

	return &Transaction{
		TxnMeta: TxnMeta{
			Key:       baseKey,
			ID:        uuid.NewV4(),
			Isolation: isolation,
			Timestamp: now,
			Priority:  priority,
			Sequence:  1,
		},
		Name:          name,
		OrigTimestamp: now,
		MaxTimestamp:  max,
	}
}

func TestTransactionUpdate(t *testing.T) {
	txn := nonZeroTxn
	if err := util.NoZeroField(txn); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	var txn2 Transaction
	txn2.Update(&txn)

	if err := util.NoZeroField(txn2); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	var txn3 Transaction
	txn3.ID = uuid.NewV4()
	txn3.Name = "carl"
	txn3.Isolation = enginepb.SNAPSHOT
	txn3.Update(&txn)

	if err := util.NoZeroField(txn3); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
}

func TestKeyAddressError(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := map[string][]roachpb.Key{
		"store-local key .* is not addressable": {
			StoreIdentKey(),
			StoreGossipKey(),
		},
		"local range ID key .* is not addressable": {
			AbortCacheKey(0, uuid.NewV4()),
			RaftTombstoneKey(0),
			RaftAppliedIndexKey(0),
			RaftTruncatedStateKey(0),
			RangeLeaseKey(0),
			RangeStatsKey(0),
			RaftHardStateKey(0),
			RaftLastIndexKey(0),
			RaftLogPrefix(0),
			RaftLogKey(0, 0),
			RangeLastReplicaGCTimestampKey(0),
			RangeLastVerificationTimestampKey(0),
			RangeDescriptorKey(roachpb.RKey(RangeLastVerificationTimestampKey(0))),
		},
		"local key .* malformed": {
			makeKey(localPrefix, roachpb.Key("z")),
		},
	}
	for regexp, keyList := range testCases {
		for _, key := range keyList {
			if addr, err := Addr(key); err == nil {
				t.Errorf("expected addressing key %q to throw error, but it returned address %q",
					key, addr)
			} else if !testutils.IsError(err, regexp) {
				t.Errorf("expected addressing key %q to throw error matching %s, but got error %v",
					key, regexp, err)
			}
		}
	}
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
			keys:    [][2]string{{loc("a"), loc("b")}},
			expKeys: [][2]string{{locPrefix("b"), loc("b")}},
			from:    "b", to: "e",
		},
		{
			// Range-local range contained in active range.
			keys:    [][2]string{{locPrefix("b"), loc("b")}},
			expKeys: [][2]string{{locPrefix("b"), loc("b")}},
			from:    "b", to: "c",
		},
		{
			// Mixed range-local vs global key range.
			keys: [][2]string{{loc("c"), "d\x00"}},
			from: "b", to: "e",
			err: "local key mixed with global key",
		},
		{
			// Key range touching and intersecting active range.
			keys:    [][2]string{{"a", "b"}, {"a", "c"}, {"p", "q"}, {"p", "r"}, {"a", "z"}},
			expKeys: [][2]string{{}, {"b", "c"}, {"p", "q"}, {"p", "q"}, {"b", "q"}},
			from:    "b", to: "q",
		},
		// Active key range is intersection of descriptor and [from,to).
		{
			keys:    [][2]string{{"c", "q"}},
			expKeys: [][2]string{{"d", "p"}},
			from:    "a", to: "z",
			desc: [2]string{"d", "p"},
		},
		{
			keys:    [][2]string{{"c", "q"}},
			expKeys: [][2]string{{"d", "p"}},
			from:    "d", to: "p",
			desc: [2]string{"a", "z"},
		},
	}

	for i, test := range testCases {
		goldenOriginal := roachpb.BatchRequest{}
		for _, ks := range test.keys {
			if len(ks[1]) > 0 {
				goldenOriginal.Add(&roachpb.ResolveIntentRangeRequest{
					Span:      roachpb.Span{Key: roachpb.Key(ks[0]), EndKey: roachpb.Key(ks[1])},
					IntentTxn: roachpb.TxnMeta{ID: uuid.NewV4()},
				})
			} else {
				goldenOriginal.Add(&roachpb.GetRequest{
					Span: roachpb.Span{Key: roachpb.Key(ks[0])},
				})
			}
		}

		original := roachpb.BatchRequest{Requests: make([]roachpb.RequestUnion, len(goldenOriginal.Requests))}
		for i, request := range goldenOriginal.Requests {
			original.Requests[i].SetValue(request.GetInner().ShallowCopy())
		}

		desc := &roachpb.RangeDescriptor{
			StartKey: roachpb.RKey(test.desc[0]), EndKey: roachpb.RKey(test.desc[1]),
		}
		if len(desc.StartKey) == 0 {
			desc.StartKey = roachpb.RKey(test.from)
		}
		if len(desc.EndKey) == 0 {
			desc.EndKey = roachpb.RKey(test.to)
		}
		rs := roachpb.RSpan{Key: roachpb.RKey(test.from), EndKey: roachpb.RKey(test.to)}
		rs, err := rs.Intersect(desc)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("%d: intersection failure: %v", i, err)
			continue
		}
		ba, num, err := truncate(original, rs)
		if err != nil || test.err != "" {
			if test.err == "" || !testutils.IsError(err, test.err) {
				t.Errorf("%d: %v (expected: %s)", i, err, test.err)
			}
			continue
		}
		var reqs int
		for j, arg := range ba.Requests {
			req := arg.GetInner()
			if h := req.Header(); !bytes.Equal(h.Key, roachpb.Key(test.expKeys[j][0])) || !bytes.Equal(h.EndKey, roachpb.Key(test.expKeys[j][1])) {
				t.Errorf("%d.%d: range mismatch: actual [%q,%q), wanted [%q,%q)", i, j,
					h.Key, h.EndKey, test.expKeys[j][0], test.expKeys[j][1])
			} else if _, ok := req.(*roachpb.NoopRequest); ok != (len(h.Key) == 0) {
				t.Errorf("%d.%d: expected NoopRequest, got %T", i, j, req)
			} else if len(h.Key) != 0 {
				reqs++
			}
		}
		if reqs != num {
			t.Errorf("%d: counted %d requests, but truncation indicated %d", i, reqs, num)
		}
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(original, goldenOriginal) {
			t.Errorf("%d: truncation mutated original:\nexpected: %s\nactual: %s",
				i, goldenOriginal, original)
		}
	}
}

func TestPrettyPrint(t *testing.T) {

	tm, _ := time.Parse(time.UnixDate, "Sat Mar  7 11:06:39 UTC 2015")
	txnID := uuid.NewV4()

	testCases := []struct {
		key roachpb.Key
		exp string
	}{
		// local
		{StoreIdentKey(), "/Local/Store/storeIdent"},
		{StoreGossipKey(), "/Local/Store/gossipBootstrap"},

		{SequenceCacheKeyPrefix(roachpb.RangeID(1000001), txnID), fmt.Sprintf(`/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/SequenceCache/%q`, txnID)},
		{SequenceCacheKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001), txnID, uint32(111), uint32(222)), fmt.Sprintf(`/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/SequenceCache/%q/epoch:111/seq:222`, txnID)},
		{RaftTombstoneKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftTombstone"},
		{RaftAppliedIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftAppliedIndex"},
		{RaftTruncatedStateKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftTruncatedState"},
		{RangeLeaderLeaseKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeLeaderLease"},
		{RangeStatsKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeStats"},

		{RaftHardStateKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftHardState"},
		{RaftLastIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftLastIndex"},
		{RaftLogKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001), uint64(200001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftLog/logIndex:200001"},
		{RangeLastVerificationTimestampKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RangeLastVerificationTimestamp"},

		{MakeRangeKeyPrefix(roachpb.RKey("ok")), `/Local/Range/"ok"`},
		{RangeDescriptorKey(roachpb.RKey("111")), `/Local/Range/"111"/RangeDescriptor`},
		{RangeTreeNodeKey(roachpb.RKey("111")), `/Local/Range/"111"/RangeTreeNode`},
		{TransactionKey(roachpb.Key("111"), txnID), fmt.Sprintf(`/Local/Range/"111"/Transaction/addrKey:/id:%q`, txnID)},

		{LocalMax, `/Meta1/""`}, // LocalMax == Meta1Prefix

		// system
		{makeKey(Meta2Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")), `/Meta2/"foo"`},
		{makeKey(Meta1Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")), `/Meta1/"foo"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey("f")), `/Meta2/"f"`},

		{StoreStatusKey(2222), "/System/StatusStore/2222"},
		{NodeStatusKey(1111), "/System/StatusNode/1111"},

		{SystemMax, "/System/Max"},

		// key of key
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(MakeRangeKeyPrefix(roachpb.RKey("ok")))), `/Meta2/Local/Range/"ok"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42), roachpb.RKey("foo")))), `/Meta2/Table/42/"foo"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(makeKey(Meta2Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")))), `/Meta1/"foo"`},

		// table
		{UserTableDataMin, "/Table/50"},
		{MakeTablePrefix(111), "/Table/111"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42), roachpb.RKey("foo")), `/Table/42/"foo"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, float64(233.221112)))),
			"/Table/42/233.221112"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatDescending(nil, float64(-233.221112)))),
			"/Table/42/233.221112"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, math.Inf(1)))),
			"/Table/42/+Inf"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, math.NaN()))),
			"/Table/42/NaN"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 1222)),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeStringAscending(nil, "handsome man"))),
			`/Table/42/1222/"handsome man"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 1222))),
			`/Table/42/1222`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintDescending(nil, 1222))),
			`/Table/42/-1223`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesAscending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255}))),
			`/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesAscending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255})),
			roachpb.RKey("bar")), `/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"/"bar"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesDescending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255})),
			roachpb.RKey("bar")), `/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"/"bar"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeNullAscending(nil))), "/Table/42/NULL"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeNotNullAscending(nil))), "/Table/42/#"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeTimeAscending(nil, tm))),
			"/Table/42/Sat Mar  7 11:06:39 UTC 2015"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeTimeDescending(nil, tm))),
			"/Table/42/Sat Mar  7 11:06:39 UTC 2015"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeDecimalAscending(nil, inf.NewDec(1234, 2)))),
			"/Table/42/12.34"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeDecimalDescending(nil, inf.NewDec(1234, 2)))),
			"/Table/42/-12.34"},

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

			types:      argTypes{},
			returnType: typeInt,
			impure:     true,
			fn: func(ctx EvalContext, args DTuple) (Datum, error) {
				return generateUniqueInt(ctx.NodeID), nil
			},
		},
	},

	"experimental_uuid_v4": {
		builtin{
			types:      argTypes{},
			returnType: typeBytes,
			impure:     true,
			fn: func(_ EvalContext, args DTuple) (Datum, error) {
				return DBytes(uuid.NewV4().Bytes()), nil
			},
		},
	},

	"greatest": {
		builtin{
			types:      anyType{},
			returnType: typeTuple,
			fn: func(ctx EvalContext, args DTuple) (Datum, error) {
				return pickFromTuple(ctx, true /* greatest */, args)
			},
		},
	},

	"least": {

		}
	}

	var emptyTxn Transaction
	ts := hlc.ZeroTimestamp.Add(1, 2)
	emptyTxn.UpdateObservedTimestamp(NodeID(1), ts)
	if actTS, _ := emptyTxn.GetObservedTimestamp(NodeID(1)); !actTS.Equal(ts) {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected: %s (wanted %s)", actTS, ts)
	}
}

var nonZeroTxn = Transaction{
	TxnMeta: enginepb.TxnMeta{
		Isolation:  enginepb.SNAPSHOT,
		Key:        Key("foo"),
		ID:         uuid.NewV4(),
		Epoch:      2,
		Timestamp:  makeTS(20, 21),
		Priority:   957356782,
		Sequence:   123,
		BatchIndex: 1,
	},
	Name:               "name",
	Status:             COMMITTED,
	LastHeartbeat:      &hlc.Timestamp{WallTime: 1, Logical: 2},
	OrigTimestamp:      makeTS(30, 31),
	MaxTimestamp:       makeTS(40, 41),
	ObservedTimestamps: map[NodeID]hlc.Timestamp{1: makeTS(1, 2)},
	Writing:            true,
	WriteTooOld:        true,
	RetryOnPush:        true,

		ReturnType: TypeString,
		fn: func(ctx EvalContext, args DTuple) (Datum, error) {
			s := string(*args[0].(*DString))
			pattern := string(*args[1].(*DString))
			escape := string(*args[2].(*DString))
			return regexpExtract(ctx, s, pattern, escape)
		},
	},
}

var uuidV4Impl = Builtin{
	Types:      ArgTypes{},
	ReturnType: TypeBytes,
	impure:     true,
	fn: func(_ EvalContext, args DTuple) (Datum, error) {
		return NewDBytes(DBytes(uuid.NewV4().GetBytes())), nil
	},
}

var ceilImpl = []Builtin{
	floatBuiltin1(func(x float64) (Datum, error) {
		return NewDFloat(DFloat(math.Ceil(x))), nil
	}),
	decimalBuiltin1(func(x *inf.Dec) (Datum, error) {
		dd := &DDecimal{}
		dd.Round(x, 0, inf.RoundCeil)
		return dd, nil
	}),
}

var txnTSImpl = Builtin{

func TestPrettyPrint(t *testing.T) {

	tm, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, "2016-03-30T13:40:35.053725008Z")
	duration := duration.Duration{Months: 1, Days: 1, Nanos: 1 * time.Second.Nanoseconds()}
	durationAsc, _ := encoding.EncodeDurationAscending(nil, duration)
	durationDesc, _ := encoding.EncodeDurationDescending(nil, duration)
	txnID := uuid.NewV4()

	// The following test cases encode keys with a mixture of ascending and descending direction,
	// but always decode keys in the ascending direction. This is why some of the decoded values
	// seem bizarre.
	testCases := []struct {
		key roachpb.Key
		exp string
	}{
		// local
		{StoreIdentKey(), "/Local/Store/storeIdent"},
		{StoreGossipKey(), "/Local/Store/gossipBootstrap"},

		{AbortCacheKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001), txnID), fmt.Sprintf(`/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/AbortCache/%q`, txnID)},
		{RaftTombstoneKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftTombstone"},
		{RaftAppliedIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftAppliedIndex"},
		{LeaseAppliedIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/LeaseAppliedIndex"},
		{RaftTruncatedStateKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftTruncatedState"},
		{RangeLeaderLeaseKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeLeaderLease"},
		{RangeStatsKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeStats"},
		{RangeFrozenStatusKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeFrozenStatus"},
		{RangeLastGCKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeLastGC"},

		{RaftHardStateKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftHardState"},
		{RaftLastIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftLastIndex"},
		{RaftLogKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001), uint64(200001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftLog/logIndex:200001"},
		{RangeLastReplicaGCTimestampKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RangeLastReplicaGCTimestamp"},
		{RangeLastVerificationTimestampKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RangeLastVerificationTimestamp"},

		{MakeRangeKeyPrefix(roachpb.RKey("ok")), `/Local/Range/"ok"`},
		{RangeDescriptorKey(roachpb.RKey("111")), `/Local/Range/"111"/RangeDescriptor`},
		{RangeTreeNodeKey(roachpb.RKey("111")), `/Local/Range/"111"/RangeTreeNode`},
		{TransactionKey(roachpb.Key("111"), txnID), fmt.Sprintf(`/Local/Range/"111"/Transaction/addrKey:/id:%q`, txnID)},

		{LocalMax, `/Meta1/""`}, // LocalMax == Meta1Prefix

		// system
		{makeKey(Meta2Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")), `/Meta2/"foo"`},
		{makeKey(Meta1Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")), `/Meta1/"foo"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey("f")), `/Meta2/"f"`},

		{NodeStatusKey(1111), "/System/StatusNode/1111"},

		{SystemMax, "/System/Max"},

		// key of key
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(MakeRangeKeyPrefix(roachpb.RKey("ok")))), `/Meta2/Local/Range/"ok"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42), roachpb.RKey("foo")))), `/Meta2/Table/42/"foo"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(makeKey(Meta2Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")))), `/Meta1/"foo"`},

		// table
		{UserTableDataMin, "/Table/50"},
		{MakeTablePrefix(111), "/Table/111"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42), roachpb.RKey("foo")), `/Table/42/"foo"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, float64(233.221112)))),
			"/Table/42/233.221112"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatDescending(nil, float64(-233.221112)))),
			"/Table/42/233.221112"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, math.Inf(1)))),
			"/Table/42/+Inf"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, math.NaN()))),
			"/Table/42/NaN"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 1222)),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeStringAscending(nil, "handsome man"))),
			`/Table/42/1222/"handsome man"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 1222))),
			`/Table/42/1222`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintDescending(nil, 1222))),
			`/Table/42/-1223`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesAscending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255}))),
			`/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesAscending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255})),
			roachpb.RKey("bar")), `/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"/"bar"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesDescending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255})),
			roachpb.RKey("bar")), `/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"/"bar"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeNullAscending(nil))), "/Table/42/NULL"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeNotNullAscending(nil))), "/Table/42/#"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeTimeAscending(nil, tm))),
			"/Table/42/2016-03-30T13:40:35.053725008Z"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeTimeDescending(nil, tm))),
//.........这里部分代码省略.........