// Try all possible ways to find clusters to join
// Include -discovery, -peers and log data in -data-dir
//
// Peer discovery follows this order:
// 1. -discovery
// 2. -peers
// 3. previous peers in -data-dir
func (s *PeerServer) findCluster(discoverURL string, peers []string) {
	// Attempt cluster discovery
	toDiscover := discoverURL != ""
	if toDiscover {
		discoverPeers, discoverErr := s.handleDiscovery(discoverURL)
		// It is registered in discover url
		if discoverErr == nil {
			// start as a leader in a new cluster
			if len(discoverPeers) == 0 {
				log.Debug("This peer is starting a brand new cluster based on discover URL.")
				s.startAsLeader()
			} else {
				s.startAsFollower(discoverPeers)
			}
			return
		}
	}

	hasPeerList := len(peers) > 0
	// if there is log in data dir, append previous peers to peers in config
	// to find cluster
	prevPeers := s.registry.PeerURLs(s.raftServer.Leader(), s.Config.Name)
	for i := 0; i < len(prevPeers); i++ {
		u, err := url.Parse(prevPeers[i])
		if err != nil {
			log.Debug("rejoin cannot parse url: ", err)
		}
		prevPeers[i] = u.Host
	}
	peers = append(peers, prevPeers...)

	// if there is backup peer lists, use it to find cluster
	if len(peers) > 0 {
		ok := s.joinCluster(peers)
		if !ok {
			log.Warn("No living peers are found!")
		} else {
			log.Debugf("%s restart as a follower based on peers[%v]", s.Config.Name)
			return
		}
	}

	if !s.raftServer.IsLogEmpty() {
		log.Debug("Entire cluster is down! %v will restart the cluster.", s.Config.Name)
		return
	}

	if toDiscover {
		log.Fatalf("Discovery failed, no available peers in backup list, and no log data")
	}

	if hasPeerList {
		log.Fatalf("No available peers in backup list, and no log data")
	}

	log.Infof("This peer is starting a brand new cluster now.")
	s.startAsLeader()
}

// Start the raft server
func (s *PeerServer) ListenAndServe(snapshot bool, cluster []string) error {
	// LoadSnapshot
	if snapshot {
		err := s.raftServer.LoadSnapshot()

		if err == nil {
			log.Debugf("%s finished load snapshot", s.name)
		} else {
			log.Debug(err)
		}
	}

	s.raftServer.SetElectionTimeout(s.ElectionTimeout)
	s.raftServer.SetHeartbeatTimeout(s.HeartbeatTimeout)

	s.raftServer.Start()

	if s.raftServer.IsLogEmpty() {
		// start as a leader in a new cluster
		if len(cluster) == 0 {
			s.startAsLeader()
		} else {
			s.startAsFollower(cluster)
		}

	} else {
		// Rejoin the previous cluster
		cluster = s.registry.PeerURLs(s.raftServer.Leader(), s.name)
		for i := 0; i < len(cluster); i++ {
			u, err := url.Parse(cluster[i])
			if err != nil {
				log.Debug("rejoin cannot parse url: ", err)
			}
			cluster[i] = u.Host
		}
		ok := s.joinCluster(cluster)
		if !ok {
			log.Warn("the entire cluster is down! this peer will restart the cluster.")
		}

		log.Debugf("%s restart as a follower", s.name)
	}

	s.closeChan = make(chan bool)

	go s.monitorSync()
	go s.monitorTimeoutThreshold(s.closeChan)

	// open the snapshot
	if snapshot {
		go s.monitorSnapshot()
	}

	// start to response to raft requests
	return s.startTransport(s.tlsConf.Scheme, s.tlsConf.Server)
}

// Response to the join request
func (ps *PeerServer) JoinHttpHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
	command := &JoinCommand{}

	// Write CORS header.
	if ps.server.OriginAllowed("*") {
		w.Header().Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
	} else if ps.server.OriginAllowed(req.Header.Get("Origin")) {
		w.Header().Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", req.Header.Get("Origin"))
	}

	err := decodeJsonRequest(req, command)
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	log.Debugf("Receive Join Request from %s", command.Name)
	err = ps.server.Dispatch(command, w, req)

	// Return status.
	if err != nil {
		if etcdErr, ok := err.(*etcdErr.Error); ok {
			log.Debug("Return error: ", (*etcdErr).Error())
			etcdErr.Write(w)
		} else {
			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
		}
	}
}

// Adds a server handler to the router.
func (s *Server) handleFunc(r *mux.Router, path string, f func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error) *mux.Route {

	// Wrap the standard HandleFunc interface to pass in the server reference.
	return r.HandleFunc(path, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
		if req.Method == "HEAD" {
			w = &HEADResponseWriter{w}
		}

		// Log request.
		log.Debugf("[recv] %s %s %s [%s]", req.Method, s.URL(), req.URL.Path, req.RemoteAddr)

		// Forward request along if the server is a standby.
		if s.peerServer.Mode() == StandbyMode {
			if s.peerServer.standbyClientURL == "" {
				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
				etcdErr.NewError(402, "", 0).Write(w)
				return
			}
			uhttp.Redirect(s.peerServer.standbyClientURL, w, req)
			return
		}

		// Execute handler function and return error if necessary.
		if err := f(w, req); err != nil {
			if etcdErr, ok := err.(*etcdErr.Error); ok {
				log.Debug("Return error: ", (*etcdErr).Error())
				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
				etcdErr.Write(w)
			} else {
				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
			}
		}
	})
}

// Start the raft server
func (s *PeerServer) Start(snapshot bool, discoverURL string, peers []string) error {
	// LoadSnapshot
	if snapshot {
		err := s.raftServer.LoadSnapshot()

		if err == nil {
			log.Debugf("%s finished load snapshot", s.Config.Name)
		} else {
			log.Debug(err)
		}
	}

	s.raftServer.Start()

	s.findCluster(discoverURL, peers)

	s.closeChan = make(chan bool)

	go s.monitorSync()
	go s.monitorTimeoutThreshold(s.closeChan)

	// open the snapshot
	if snapshot {
		go s.monitorSnapshot()
	}

	return nil
}

// Adds a server handler to the router.
func (s *Server) handleFunc(path string, f func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error) *mux.Route {
	r := s.Handler.(*mux.Router)

	// Wrap the standard HandleFunc interface to pass in the server reference.
	return r.HandleFunc(path, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
		// Log request.
		log.Debugf("[recv] %s %s %s [%s]", req.Method, s.url, req.URL.Path, req.RemoteAddr)

		// Write CORS header.
		if s.OriginAllowed("*") {
			w.Header().Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
		} else if origin := req.Header.Get("Origin"); s.OriginAllowed(origin) {
			w.Header().Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin)
		}

		// Execute handler function and return error if necessary.
		if err := f(w, req); err != nil {
			if etcdErr, ok := err.(*etcdErr.Error); ok {
				log.Debug("Return error: ", (*etcdErr).Error())
				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
				etcdErr.Write(w)
			} else {
				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
			}
		}
	})
}

// Join a server to the cluster
func (c *JoinCommand) Apply(server raft.Server) (interface{}, error) {
	ps, _ := server.Context().(*PeerServer)

	b := make([]byte, 8)
	binary.PutUvarint(b, server.CommitIndex())

	// Make sure we're not getting a cached value from the registry.
	ps.registry.Invalidate(c.Name)

	// Check if the join command is from a previous peer, who lost all its previous log.
	if _, ok := ps.registry.ClientURL(c.Name); ok {
		return b, nil
	}

	// Check peer number in the cluster
	if ps.registry.Count() == ps.MaxClusterSize {
		log.Debug("Reject join request from ", c.Name)
		return []byte{0}, etcdErr.NewError(etcdErr.EcodeNoMorePeer, "", server.CommitIndex())
	}

	// Add to shared peer registry.
	ps.registry.Register(c.Name, c.RaftURL, c.EtcdURL)

	// Add peer in raft
	err := server.AddPeer(c.Name, "")

	// Add peer stats
	if c.Name != ps.RaftServer().Name() {
		ps.followersStats.Followers[c.Name] = &raftFollowerStats{}
		ps.followersStats.Followers[c.Name].Latency.Minimum = 1 << 63
	}

	return b, err
}

// applyJoin attempts to join a machine to the cluster.
func applyJoin(c *JoinCommand, context raft.Context) (uint64, error) {
	ps, _ := context.Server().Context().(*PeerServer)
	commitIndex := context.CommitIndex()

	// Make sure we're not getting a cached value from the registry.
	ps.registry.Invalidate(c.Name)

	// Check if the join command is from a previous peer, who lost all its previous log.
	if peerURL, ok := ps.registry.PeerURL(c.Name); ok {
		// If previous node restarts with different peer URL,
		// update its information.
		if peerURL != c.RaftURL {
			log.Infof("Rejoin with %v instead of %v from %v", c.RaftURL, peerURL, c.Name)
			if err := updatePeerURL(c, ps); err != nil {
				return 0, err
			}
		}
		if c.Name == context.Server().Name() {
			ps.removedInLog = false
		}
		return commitIndex, nil
	}

	// Check if the join command adds an instance that collides with existing one on peer URL.
	peerURLs := ps.registry.PeerURLs(ps.raftServer.Leader(), c.Name)
	for _, peerURL := range peerURLs {
		if peerURL == c.RaftURL {
			log.Warnf("%v tries to join the cluster with existing URL %v", c.Name, c.EtcdURL)
			return 0, etcdErr.NewError(etcdErr.EcodeExistingPeerAddr, c.EtcdURL, context.CommitIndex())
		}
	}

	// Check peer number in the cluster
	count := ps.registry.Count()
	// ClusterConfig doesn't init until first machine is added
	if count > 0 && count >= ps.ClusterConfig().ActiveSize {
		log.Debug("Reject join request from ", c.Name)
		return 0, etcdErr.NewError(etcdErr.EcodeNoMorePeer, "", context.CommitIndex())
	}

	// Add to shared peer registry.
	ps.registry.Register(c.Name, c.RaftURL, c.EtcdURL)

	// Add peer in raft
	if err := context.Server().AddPeer(c.Name, ""); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	// Add peer stats
	if c.Name != ps.RaftServer().Name() {
		ps.followersStats.Followers[c.Name] = &raftFollowerStats{}
		ps.followersStats.Followers[c.Name].Latency.Minimum = 1 << 63
	}

	if c.Name == context.Server().Name() {
		ps.removedInLog = false
	}
	return commitIndex, nil
}

// Send join requests to peer.
func (s *PeerServer) joinByPeer(server raft.Server, peer string, scheme string) error {
	var b bytes.Buffer

	// t must be ok
	t, _ := server.Transporter().(*transporter)

	// Our version must match the leaders version
	versionURL := url.URL{Host: peer, Scheme: scheme, Path: "/version"}
	version, err := getVersion(t, versionURL)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Error during join version check: %v", err)
	}
	if version < store.MinVersion() || version > store.MaxVersion() {
		return fmt.Errorf("Unable to join: cluster version is %d; version compatibility is %d - %d", version, store.MinVersion(), store.MaxVersion())
	}

	json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(NewJoinCommand(store.MinVersion(), store.MaxVersion(), server.Name(), s.Config.URL, s.server.URL()))

	joinURL := url.URL{Host: peer, Scheme: scheme, Path: "/join"}

	log.Debugf("Send Join Request to %s", joinURL.String())

	resp, req, err := t.Post(joinURL.String(), &b)

	for {
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Unable to join: %v", err)
		}
		if resp != nil {
			defer resp.Body.Close()

			t.CancelWhenTimeout(req)

			if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
				b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
				s.joinIndex, _ = binary.Uvarint(b)
				return nil
			}
			if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTemporaryRedirect {
				address := resp.Header.Get("Location")
				log.Debugf("Send Join Request to %s", address)
				json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(NewJoinCommand(store.MinVersion(), store.MaxVersion(), server.Name(), s.Config.URL, s.server.URL()))
				resp, req, err = t.Post(address, &b)

			} else if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
				log.Debug("Reach max number peers in the cluster")
				decoder := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body)
				err := &etcdErr.Error{}
				decoder.Decode(err)
				return *err
			} else {
				return fmt.Errorf("Unable to join")
			}
		}

	}
}

// Get the key
func (c *GetCommand) Apply(context raft.Context) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := context.Server().StateMachine().(store.Store)
	e, err := s.Get(c.Key, c.Recursive, c.Sorted)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}
	return e, nil
}

// Delete the key
func (c *DeleteCommand) Apply(server raft.Server) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := server.StateMachine().(store.Store)

	e, err := s.Delete(c.Key, c.Recursive)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// Create node
func (c *UpdateCommand) Apply(server raft.Server) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := server.StateMachine().(store.Store)

	e, err := s.Update(c.Key, c.Value, c.ExpireTime)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// Set the key-value pair if the current value of the key equals to the given prevValue
func (c *CompareAndDeleteCommand) Apply(server raft.Server) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := server.StateMachine().(store.Store)

	e, err := s.CompareAndDelete(c.Key, c.PrevValue, c.PrevIndex)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// Set the key-value pair if the current value of the key equals to the given prevValue
func (c *CompareAndSwapCommand) Apply(context raft.Context) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := context.Server().StateMachine().(store.Store)

	e, err := s.CompareAndSwap(c.Key, c.PrevValue, c.PrevIndex, c.Value, c.ExpireTime)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// Create node
func (c *CreateCommand) Apply(context raft.Context) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := context.Server().StateMachine().(store.Store)

	e, err := s.Create(c.Key, c.Dir, c.Value, c.Unique, c.ExpireTime)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// getKnownPeers gets the previous peers from log
func (s *PeerServer) getKnownPeers() []string {
	peers := s.registry.PeerURLs(s.raftServer.Leader(), s.Config.Name)
	log.Infof("Peer URLs in log: %s / %s (%s)", s.raftServer.Leader(), s.Config.Name, strings.Join(peers, ","))

	for i := range peers {
		u, err := url.Parse(peers[i])
		if err != nil {
			log.Debug("getPrevPeers cannot parse url %v", peers[i])
		}
		peers[i] = u.Host
	}
	return peers
}

// Create node
func (c *SetCommand) Apply(server raft.Server) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := server.StateMachine().(store.Store)

	// create a new node or replace the old node.
	e, err := s.Set(c.Key, c.Value, c.ExpireTime)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// Join a server to the cluster
func (c *JoinCommandV1) Apply(context raft.Context) (interface{}, error) {
	ps, _ := context.Server().Context().(*PeerServer)

	b := make([]byte, 8)
	binary.PutUvarint(b, context.CommitIndex())

	// Make sure we're not getting a cached value from the registry.
	ps.registry.Invalidate(c.Name)

	// Check if the join command is from a previous peer, who lost all its previous log.
	if peerURL, ok := ps.registry.PeerURL(c.Name); ok {
		// If previous node restarts with different peer URL,
		// update its information.
		if peerURL != c.RaftURL {
			log.Infof("Rejoin with %v instead of %v from %v", c.RaftURL, peerURL, c.Name)
			if err := c.updatePeerURL(ps); err != nil {
				return []byte{0}, err
			}
		}
		return b, nil
	}

	// Check if the join command adds an instance that collides with existing one on peer URL.
	peerURLs := ps.registry.PeerURLs(ps.raftServer.Leader(), c.Name)
	for _, peerURL := range peerURLs {
		if peerURL == c.RaftURL {
			log.Warnf("%v tries to join the cluster with existing URL %v", c.Name, c.EtcdURL)
			return []byte{0}, etcdErr.NewError(etcdErr.EcodeExistingPeerAddr, c.EtcdURL, context.CommitIndex())
		}
	}

	// Check peer number in the cluster
	if ps.registry.PeerCount() >= ps.ClusterConfig().ActiveSize {
		log.Debug("Reject join request from ", c.Name)
		return []byte{0}, etcdErr.NewError(etcdErr.EcodeNoMorePeer, "", context.CommitIndex())
	}

	// Add to shared peer registry.
	ps.registry.RegisterPeer(c.Name, c.RaftURL, c.EtcdURL)

	// Add peer in raft
	err := context.Server().AddPeer(c.Name, "")

	// Add peer stats
	if c.Name != ps.RaftServer().Name() {
		ps.followersStats.Followers[c.Name] = &raftFollowerStats{}
		ps.followersStats.Followers[c.Name].Latency.Minimum = 1 << 63
	}

	return b, err
}

// Delete the key
func (c *DeleteCommand) Apply(context raft.Context) (interface{}, error) {
	s, _ := context.Server().StateMachine().(store.Store)

	if c.Recursive {
		// recursive implies dir
		c.Dir = true
	}

	e, err := s.Delete(c.Key, c.Dir, c.Recursive)

	if err != nil {
		log.Debug(err)
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// Start starts the raft server.
// The function assumes that join has been accepted successfully.
func (s *PeerServer) Start(snapshot bool, discoverURL string, peers []string) error {
	s.Lock()
	defer s.Unlock()
	if s.started {
		return nil
	}
	s.started = true

	// LoadSnapshot
	if snapshot {
		err := s.raftServer.LoadSnapshot()

		if err == nil {
			log.Debugf("%s finished load snapshot", s.Config.Name)
		} else {
			log.Debug(err)
		}
	}

	s.raftServer.Init()

	// Set NOCOW for data directory in btrfs
	if btrfs.IsBtrfs(s.raftServer.LogPath()) {
		if err := btrfs.SetNOCOWFile(s.raftServer.LogPath()); err != nil {
			log.Warnf("Failed setting NOCOW: %v", err)
		}
	}

	s.findCluster(discoverURL, peers)

	s.stopNotify = make(chan bool)
	s.removeNotify = make(chan bool)
	s.closeChan = make(chan bool)

	s.startRoutine(s.monitorSync)
	s.startRoutine(s.monitorTimeoutThreshold)
	s.startRoutine(s.monitorActiveSize)
	s.startRoutine(s.monitorPeerActivity)

	// open the snapshot
	if snapshot {
		s.startRoutine(s.monitorSnapshot)
	}

	return nil
}