func linkDappToChain(do *definitions.Do, dapp *definitions.Contracts) {
	var newLink string

	if do.Chain.ChainType == "service" {
		newLink = util.ServiceContainersName(dapp.ChainName, do.Operations.ContainerNumber) + ":" + "chain"
	} else {
		newLink = util.ChainContainersName(dapp.ChainName, do.Operations.ContainerNumber) + ":" + "chain"
	}
	do.Service.Links = append(do.Service.Links, newLink)
}

func testExistAndRun(t *testing.T, chainName string, toExist, toRun bool) {
	var exist, run bool
	logger.Infof("\nTesting whether (%s) is running? (%t) and existing? (%t)\n", chainName, toRun, toExist)
	chainName = util.ChainContainersName(chainName, 1) // not worried about containerNumbers, deal with multiple containers in services tests

	do := def.NowDo()
	do.Quiet = true
	do.Args = []string{"testing"}
	if err := ListExisting(do); err != nil {
		logger.Errorln(err)
		t.FailNow()
	}
	res := strings.Split(do.Result, "\n")
	for _, r := range res {
		logger.Debugf("Existing =>\t\t\t%s\n", r)
		if r == util.ContainersShortName(chainName) {
			exist = true
		}
	}

	do = def.NowDo()
	do.Quiet = true
	do.Args = []string{"testing"}
	if err := ListRunning(do); err != nil {
		logger.Errorln(err)
		t.FailNow()
	}
	res = strings.Split(do.Result, "\n")
	for _, r := range res {
		logger.Debugf("Running =>\t\t\t%s\n", r)
		if r == util.ContainersShortName(chainName) {
			run = true
		}
	}

	if toExist != exist {
		if toExist {
			logger.Infof("Could not find an existing =>\t%s\n", chainName)
		} else {
			logger.Infof("Found an existing instance of %s when I shouldn't have\n", chainName)
		}
		t.Fail()
	}

	if toRun != run {
		if toRun {
			logger.Infof("Could not find a running =>\t%s\n", chainName)
		} else {
			logger.Infof("Found a running instance of %s when I shouldn't have\n", chainName)
		}
		t.Fail()
	}

	logger.Debugln("")
}

// Convert the chain def to a service def but keep the "eris_chains" containers prefix and set the chain id
func ChainsAsAService(chainName string, newCont bool, cNum ...int) (*definitions.ServiceDefinition, error) {
	chain, err := LoadChainDefinition(chainName, newCont, cNum...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	s, err := ServiceDefFromChain(chain, ErisChainStart), nil
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// we keep the "eris_chain" prefix and set the CHAIN_ID var.
	// the run command is set in ServiceDefFromChain
	s.Operations.SrvContainerName = util.ChainContainersName(chainName, s.Operations.ContainerNumber)
	s.Service.Environment = append(s.Service.Environment, "CHAIN_ID="+chainName)
	return s, nil
}

// the main function for setting up a chain container
// handles both "new" and "fetch" - most of the differentiating logic is in the container
func setupChain(do *definitions.Do, cmd string) (err error) {
	// XXX: if do.Name is unique, we can safely assume (and we probably should) that do.Operations.ContainerNumber = 1

	// do.Name is mandatory
	if do.Name == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("setupChain requires a chainame")
	}
	containerName := util.ChainContainersName(do.Name, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)
	if do.ChainID == "" {
		do.ChainID = do.Name
	}

	//if given path does not exist, see if its a reference to something in ~/.eris/chains/chainName
	if do.Path != "" {
		src, err := os.Stat(do.Path)
		if err != nil || !src.IsDir() {
			logger.Infof("Path (%s) does not exist or is not a directory, trying $HOME/.eris/chains/%s\n", do.Path, do.Path)
			do.Path, err = util.ChainsPathChecker(do.Path)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	} else if do.GenesisFile == "" && do.CSV == "" && len(do.ConfigOpts) == 0 {
		// NOTE: this expects you to have ~/.eris/chains/default/ (ie. to have run `eris init`)
		do.Path, err = util.ChainsPathChecker("default")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// ensure/create data container
	if !data.IsKnown(do.Name) {
		ops := loaders.LoadDataDefinition(do.Name, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)
		if err := perform.DockerCreateData(ops); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Error creating data container =>\t%v", err)
		}
	} else {
		logger.Debugln("Data container already exists for", do.Name)
	}

	logger.Debugf("Chain's Data Contain Built =>\t%s\n", do.Name)

	// if something goes wrong, cleanup
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			logger.Infof("Error on setupChain =>\t\t%v\n", err)
			logger.Infoln("Cleaning up...")
			if err2 := RmChain(do); err2 != nil {
				// maybe be less dramatic
				err = fmt.Errorf("Tragic! Our marmots encountered an error during setupChain for %s.\nThey also failed to cleanup after themselves (remove containers) due to another error.\nFirst error =>\t\t\t%v\nCleanup error =>\t\t%v\n", containerName, err, err2)
			}
		}
	}()

	// copy do.Path, do.GenesisFile, do.ConfigFile, do.Priv, do.CSV into container
	containerDst := path.Join("chains", do.Name)                // path in container
	dst := path.Join(DataContainersPath, do.Name, containerDst) // path on host
	// TODO: deal with do.Operations.ContainerNumbers ....!
	// we probably need to update Import

	logger.Debugf("Container destination =>\t%s\n", containerDst)
	logger.Debugf("Local destination =>\t\t%s\n", dst)

	if err = os.MkdirAll(dst, 0700); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Error making data directory: %v", err)
	}

	// we accept two csvs: one for validators, one for accounts
	// if there's only one, its for validators and accounts
	var csvFiles []string
	var csvPaths string
	if do.CSV != "" {
		csvFiles = strings.Split(do.CSV, ",")
		if len(csvFiles) > 1 {
			csvPath1 := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s/%s", ErisContainerRoot, "chains", do.ChainID, "validators.csv")
			csvPath2 := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s/%s", ErisContainerRoot, "chains", do.ChainID, "accounts.csv")
			csvPaths = fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s", csvPath1, csvPath2)
		} else {
			csvPaths = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s/%s", ErisContainerRoot, "chains", do.ChainID, "genesis.csv")
		}
	}

	filesToCopy := []stringPair{
		{do.Path, ""},
		{do.GenesisFile, "genesis.json"},
		{do.ConfigFile, "config.toml"},
		{do.Priv, "priv_validator.json"},
	}

	if len(csvFiles) == 1 {
		filesToCopy = append(filesToCopy, stringPair{csvFiles[0], "genesis.csv"})
	} else if len(csvFiles) > 1 {
		filesToCopy = append(filesToCopy, stringPair{csvFiles[0], "validators.csv"})
		filesToCopy = append(filesToCopy, stringPair{csvFiles[1], "accounts.csv"})
	}

	logger.Infof("Copying chain files into the correct location.\n")
	if err := copyFiles(dst, filesToCopy); err != nil {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// validation funcs
func checkChainNames(chain *definitions.Chain) {
	chain.Service.Name = chain.Name
	chain.Operations.SrvContainerName = util.ChainContainersName(chain.Name, chain.Operations.ContainerNumber)
	chain.Operations.DataContainerName = util.DataContainersName(chain.Name, chain.Operations.ContainerNumber)
}

//return to handle failings in each pkg
//typ = type of test for dealing with do.() details
func TestExistAndRun(name, typ string, contNum int, toExist, toRun bool) bool {
	var exist, run bool
	if typ == "actions" {
		name = strings.Replace(name, " ", "_", -1) // dirty
	}

	//logger.Infof("\nTesting whether (%s) existing? (%t)\n", name, toExist)
	logger.Infof("\nTesting whether (%s) is running? (%t) and existing? (%t)\n", name, toRun, toExist)
	if typ == "chains" {
		name = util.ChainContainersName(name, 1) // not worried about containerNumbers, deal with multiple containers in services tests
	} else if typ == "services" {
		name = util.ServiceContainersName(name, contNum)

	} else {
		name = util.DataContainersName(name, 1)
	}
	do := def.NowDo()
	do.Quiet = true
	do.Operations.Args = []string{"testing"}

	if typ == "data" || typ == "chains" || typ == "services" {
		do.Existing = true
	} else if typ == "actions" {
		do.Known = true
	}
	if err := util.ListAll(do, typ); err != nil {
		logger.Errorln(err)
		return true
	}

	res := strings.Split(do.Result, "\n")
	for _, r := range res {
		logger.Debugf("Existing =>\t\t\t%s\n", r)
		if r == util.ContainersShortName(name) {
			exist = true
		}
	}

	if toExist != exist {
		if toExist {
			logger.Infof("Could not find an existing =>\t%s\n", name)
		} else {
			logger.Infof("Found an existing instance of %s when I shouldn't have\n", name)
		}
		return true
	}
	//func should always be testing for toExist, only sometimes tested for runining
	if typ == "chains" || typ == "services" {
		do.Running = true
		do.Existing = false //unset
		if err := util.ListAll(do, typ); err != nil {
			return true
		}
		logger.Debugln("RUNNING RESULT:", do.Result)
		res = strings.Split(do.Result, "\n")
		for _, r := range res {
			logger.Debugf("Running =>\t\t\t%s\n", r)
			if r == util.ContainersShortName(name) {
				run = true
			}
		}

		if toRun != run {
			if toRun {
				logger.Infof("Could not find a running =>\t%s\n", name)
			} else {
				logger.Infof("Found a running instance of %s when I shouldn't have\n", name)
			}
			return true
		}
	}

	return false
}

// the main function for setting up a chain container
// handles both "new" and "fetch" - most of the differentiating logic is in the container
func setupChain(do *definitions.Do, cmd string) (err error) {
	// XXX: if do.Name is unique, we can safely assume (and we probably should) that do.Operations.ContainerNumber = 1

	// do.Name is mandatory
	if do.Name == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("setupChain requires a chainame")
	}
	containerName := util.ChainContainersName(do.Name, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)
	if do.ChainID == "" {
		do.ChainID = do.Name
	}

	// do.Run containers and exit (creates data container)
	if !data.IsKnown(containerName) {
		if err := perform.DockerCreateDataContainer(do.Name, do.Operations.ContainerNumber); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Error creating data containr =>\t%v", err)
		}
	}

	logger.Debugf("Chain's Data Contain Built =>\t%s\n", do.Name)

	// if something goes wrong, cleanup
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			logger.Infof("Error on setupChain =>\t\t%v\n", err)
			logger.Infoln("Cleaning up...")
			if err2 := RmChain(do); err2 != nil {
				err = fmt.Errorf("Tragic! Our marmots encountered an error during setupChain for %s.\nThey also failed to cleanup after themselves (remove containers) due to another error.\nFirst error =>\t\t\t%v\nCleanup error =>\t\t%v\n", containerName, err, err2)
			}
		}
	}()

	// copy do.Path, do.GenesisFile, config into container
	containerDst := path.Join("blockchains", do.Name)           // path in container
	dst := path.Join(DataContainersPath, do.Name, containerDst) // path on host
	// TODO: deal with do.Operations.ContainerNumbers ....!
	// we probably need to update Import

	if err = os.MkdirAll(dst, 0700); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Error making data directory: %v", err)
	}

	if do.Path != "" {
		if err = Copy(do.Path, dst); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if do.GenesisFile != "" {
		if err = Copy(do.GenesisFile, path.Join(dst, "genesis.json")); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else {
		// TODO: do.Run mintgen and open the do.GenesisFile in editor
	}

	if do.ConfigFile != "" {
		if err = Copy(do.ConfigFile, path.Join(dst, "config."+path.Ext(do.ConfigFile))); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// copy from host to container
	logger.Debugf("Copying Files into DataCont =>\t%s:%s\n", dst, containerDst)
	importDo := definitions.NowDo()
	importDo.Name = do.Name
	importDo.Operations = do.Operations
	if err = data.ImportData(importDo); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	chain := loaders.MockChainDefinition(do.Name, do.ChainID, false, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)

	//get maintainer info
	uName, err := gitconfig.Username()
	if err != nil {
		logger.Debugf("Could not find git user.name, setting chain.Maintainer.Name = \"\"")
		uName = ""
	}
	email, err := gitconfig.Email()
	if err != nil {
		logger.Debugf("Could not find git user.email, setting chain.Maintainer.Email = \"\"")
		email = ""
	}

	chain.Maintainer.Name = uName
	chain.Maintainer.Email = email

	// write the chain definition file ...
	fileName := filepath.Join(BlockchainsPath, do.Name) + ".toml"
	if _, err = os.Stat(fileName); err != nil {
		if err = WriteChainDefinitionFile(chain, fileName); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("error writing chain definition to file: %v", err)
		}
	}

	chain, err = loaders.LoadChainDefinition(do.Name, false, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)
	if err != nil {
		return err
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// the main function for setting up a chain container
// handles both "new" and "fetch" - most of the differentiating logic is in the container
func setupChain(do *definitions.Do, cmd string) (err error) {
	// XXX: if do.Name is unique, we can safely assume (and we probably should) that do.Operations.ContainerNumber = 1

	// do.Name is mandatory
	if do.Name == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("setupChain requires a chainame")
	}
	containerName := util.ChainContainersName(do.Name, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)
	if do.ChainID == "" {
		do.ChainID = do.Name
	}

	// ensure/create data container
	if !data.IsKnown(containerName) {
		if err := perform.DockerCreateDataContainer(do.Name, do.Operations.ContainerNumber); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Error creating data containr =>\t%v", err)
		}
	} else {
		logger.Debugln("Data container already exists for", do.Name)
	}

	logger.Debugf("Chain's Data Contain Built =>\t%s\n", do.Name)

	// if something goes wrong, cleanup
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			logger.Infof("Error on setupChain =>\t\t%v\n", err)
			logger.Infoln("Cleaning up...")
			if err2 := RmChain(do); err2 != nil {
				// maybe be less dramatic
				err = fmt.Errorf("Tragic! Our marmots encountered an error during setupChain for %s.\nThey also failed to cleanup after themselves (remove containers) due to another error.\nFirst error =>\t\t\t%v\nCleanup error =>\t\t%v\n", containerName, err, err2)
			}
		}
	}()

	// copy do.Path, do.GenesisFile, do.ConfigFile, do.Priv, do.CSV into container
	containerDst := path.Join("blockchains", do.Name)           // path in container
	dst := path.Join(DataContainersPath, do.Name, containerDst) // path on host
	// TODO: deal with do.Operations.ContainerNumbers ....!
	// we probably need to update Import

	logger.Debugln("container destination:", containerDst)
	logger.Debugln("local destination:", dst)

	if err = os.MkdirAll(dst, 0700); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Error making data directory: %v", err)
	}

	var csvFile, csvPath string
	if do.CSV != "" {
		csvFile = "genesis.csv"
		csvPath = fmt.Sprintf("/home/eris/.eris/blockchains/%s/%s", do.ChainID, csvFile)
	}

	if err := copyFiles(dst, []stringPair{
		{do.Path, ""},
		{do.GenesisFile, "genesis.json"},
		{do.ConfigFile, "config.toml"},
		{do.Priv, "priv_validator.json"},
		{do.CSV, csvFile},
	}); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// copy from host to container
	logger.Debugf("Copying Files into DataCont =>\t%s:%s\n", dst, containerDst)
	importDo := definitions.NowDo()
	importDo.Name = do.Name
	importDo.Operations = do.Operations
	if err = data.ImportData(importDo); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	chain := loaders.MockChainDefinition(do.Name, do.ChainID, false, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)

	//set maintainer info
	chain.Maintainer.Name, chain.Maintainer.Email, err = config.GitConfigUser()
	if err != nil {
		logger.Debugf(err.Error())
	}

	// write the chain definition file ...
	fileName := filepath.Join(BlockchainsPath, do.Name) + ".toml"
	if _, err = os.Stat(fileName); err != nil {
		if err = WriteChainDefinitionFile(chain, fileName); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("error writing chain definition to file: %v", err)
		}
	}

	chain, err = loaders.LoadChainDefinition(do.Name, false, do.Operations.ContainerNumber)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	logger.Debugf("Chain Loaded. Image =>\t\t%v\n", chain.Service.Image)
	chain.Operations.PublishAllPorts = do.Operations.PublishAllPorts // TODO: remove this and marshall into struct from cli directly

	// cmd should be "new" or "install"
	chain.Service.Command = cmd
//.........这里部分代码省略.........