func testSNativeCALL(t *testing.T, expectPass bool, blockCache *BlockCache, doug *acm.Account, snativePerm ptypes.PermFlag, snativeAddress, data []byte, f func([]byte) error) {
	if expectPass {
		doug.Permissions.Base.Set(snativePerm, true)
	}
	var addr []byte
	contractCode := callContractCode(snativeAddress)
	doug.Code = contractCode
	blockCache.UpdateAccount(doug)
	addr = doug.Address
	tx, _ := types.NewCallTx(blockCache, user[0].PubKey, addr, data, 100, 10000, 100)
	tx.Sign(chainID, user[0])
	fmt.Println("subscribing to", types.EventStringAccCall(snativeAddress))
	ev, exception := execTxWaitEvent(t, blockCache, tx, types.EventStringAccCall(snativeAddress))
	if exception == ExceptionTimeOut {
		t.Fatal("Timed out waiting for event")
	}
	if expectPass {
		if exception != "" {
			t.Fatal("Unexpected exception", exception)
		}
		evv := ev.(types.EventDataCall)
		ret := evv.Return
		if err := f(ret); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	} else {
		if exception == "" {
			t.Fatal("Expected exception")
		}
	}
}

// give a contract perms for an snative, call it, it calls the snative, ensure the check funciton (f) succeeds
func testSNativeCALLExpectPass(t *testing.T, blockCache *BlockCache, doug *account.Account, snativeAddress, data []byte, f func([]byte) error) {
	perm := vm.RegisteredSNativePermissions[LeftPadWord256(snativeAddress)]
	var addr []byte
	if doug != nil {
		contractCode := callContractCode(snativeAddress)
		doug.Code = contractCode
		doug.Permissions.Base.Set(perm, true)
		blockCache.UpdateAccount(doug)
		addr = doug.Address
	} else {
		acc := blockCache.GetAccount(user[0].Address)
		acc.Permissions.Base.Set(perm, true)
		blockCache.UpdateAccount(acc)
		addr = snativeAddress
	}
	tx, _ := types.NewCallTx(blockCache, user[0].PubKey, addr, data, 100, 10000, 100)
	tx.Sign(chainID, user[0])
	ev, exception := execTxWaitEvent(t, blockCache, tx, types.EventStringAccReceive(snativeAddress)) //
	if exception != "" {
		t.Fatal("Unexpected exception", exception)
	}
	evv := ev.(types.EventMsgCall)
	ret := evv.Return
	if err := f(ret); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
}

func checkInputPubKey(acc *acm.Account, in *types.TxInput) error {
	if acc.PubKey == nil {
		if in.PubKey == nil {
			return types.ErrTxUnknownPubKey
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(in.PubKey.Address(), acc.Address) {
			return types.ErrTxInvalidPubKey
		}
		acc.PubKey = in.PubKey
	} else {
		in.PubKey = nil
	}
	return nil
}

// assumes the contract has not been given the permission. calls the it, it calls the snative, expects to fail
func testSNativeCALLExpectFail(t *testing.T, blockCache *BlockCache, doug *account.Account, snativeAddress, data []byte) {
	var addr []byte
	if doug != nil {
		contractCode := callContractCode(snativeAddress)
		doug.Code = contractCode
		blockCache.UpdateAccount(doug)
		addr = doug.Address
	} else {
		addr = snativeAddress
	}
	tx, _ := types.NewCallTx(blockCache, user[0].PubKey, addr, data, 100, 10000, 100)
	tx.Sign(chainID, user[0])
	fmt.Println("subscribing to", types.EventStringAccReceive(snativeAddress))
	_, exception := execTxWaitEvent(t, blockCache, tx, types.EventStringAccReceive(snativeAddress))
	if exception == "" {
		t.Fatal("Expected exception")
	}
}

// If the tx is invalid, an error will be returned.
// Unlike ExecBlock(), state will not be altered.
func ExecTx(blockCache *BlockCache, tx types.Tx, runCall bool, evc events.Fireable) (err error) {

	// TODO: do something with fees
	fees := int64(0)
	_s := blockCache.State() // hack to access validators and block height

	// Exec tx
	switch tx := tx.(type) {
	case *types.SendTx:
		accounts, err := getInputs(blockCache, tx.Inputs)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// ensure all inputs have send permissions
		if !hasSendPermission(blockCache, accounts) {
			return fmt.Errorf("At least one input lacks permission for SendTx")
		}

		// add outputs to accounts map
		// if any outputs don't exist, all inputs must have CreateAccount perm
		accounts, err = getOrMakeOutputs(blockCache, accounts, tx.Outputs)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		signBytes := acm.SignBytes(_s.ChainID, tx)
		inTotal, err := validateInputs(accounts, signBytes, tx.Inputs)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		outTotal, err := validateOutputs(tx.Outputs)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if outTotal > inTotal {
			return types.ErrTxInsufficientFunds
		}
		fee := inTotal - outTotal
		fees += fee

		// Good! Adjust accounts
		adjustByInputs(accounts, tx.Inputs)
		adjustByOutputs(accounts, tx.Outputs)
		for _, acc := range accounts {
			blockCache.UpdateAccount(acc)
		}

		// if the evc is nil, nothing will happen
		if evc != nil {
			for _, i := range tx.Inputs {
				evc.FireEvent(types.EventStringAccInput(i.Address), types.EventDataTx{tx, nil, ""})
			}

			for _, o := range tx.Outputs {
				evc.FireEvent(types.EventStringAccOutput(o.Address), types.EventDataTx{tx, nil, ""})
			}
		}
		return nil

	case *types.CallTx:
		var inAcc, outAcc *acm.Account

		// Validate input
		inAcc = blockCache.GetAccount(tx.Input.Address)
		if inAcc == nil {
			log.Info(Fmt("Can't find in account %X", tx.Input.Address))
			return types.ErrTxInvalidAddress
		}

		createContract := len(tx.Address) == 0
		if createContract {
			if !hasCreateContractPermission(blockCache, inAcc) {
				return fmt.Errorf("Account %X does not have CreateContract permission", tx.Input.Address)
			}
		} else {
			if !hasCallPermission(blockCache, inAcc) {
				return fmt.Errorf("Account %X does not have Call permission", tx.Input.Address)
			}
		}

		// pubKey should be present in either "inAcc" or "tx.Input"
		if err := checkInputPubKey(inAcc, tx.Input); err != nil {
			log.Info(Fmt("Can't find pubkey for %X", tx.Input.Address))
			return err
		}
		signBytes := acm.SignBytes(_s.ChainID, tx)
		err := validateInput(inAcc, signBytes, tx.Input)
		if err != nil {
			log.Info(Fmt("validateInput failed on %X: %v", tx.Input.Address, err))
			return err
		}
		if tx.Input.Amount < tx.Fee {
			log.Info(Fmt("Sender did not send enough to cover the fee %X", tx.Input.Address))
			return types.ErrTxInsufficientFunds
		}

		if !createContract {
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// The account is copied before setting, so mutating it
// afterwards has no side effects.
// Implements Statelike
func (s *State) UpdateAccount(account *acm.Account) bool {
	return s.accounts.Set(account.Address, account.Copy())
}