func testGetReceipt(t *testing.T, protocol int) {
	// Define three accounts to simulate transactions with
	acc1Key, _ := crypto.HexToECDSA("8a1f9a8f95be41cd7ccb6168179afb4504aefe388d1e14474d32c45c72ce7b7a")
	acc2Key, _ := crypto.HexToECDSA("49a7b37aa6f6645917e7b807e9d1c00d4fa71f18343b0d4122a4d2df64dd6fee")
	acc1Addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(acc1Key.PublicKey)
	acc2Addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(acc2Key.PublicKey)

	// Create a chain generator with some simple transactions (blatantly stolen from @fjl/chain_makerts_test)
	generator := func(i int, block *core.BlockGen) {
		switch i {
		case 0:
			// In block 1, the test bank sends account #1 some ether.
			tx, _ := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(testBankAddress), acc1Addr, big.NewInt(10000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(testBankKey)
			block.AddTx(tx)
		case 1:
			// In block 2, the test bank sends some more ether to account #1.
			// acc1Addr passes it on to account #2.
			tx1, _ := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(testBankAddress), acc1Addr, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(testBankKey)
			tx2, _ := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(acc1Addr), acc2Addr, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(acc1Key)
			block.AddTx(tx1)
			block.AddTx(tx2)
		case 2:
			// Block 3 is empty but was mined by account #2.
			block.SetCoinbase(acc2Addr)
			block.SetExtra([]byte("yeehaw"))
		case 3:
			// Block 4 includes blocks 2 and 3 as uncle headers (with modified extra data).
			b2 := block.PrevBlock(1).Header()
			b2.Extra = []byte("foo")
			block.AddUncle(b2)
			b3 := block.PrevBlock(2).Header()
			b3.Extra = []byte("foo")
			block.AddUncle(b3)
		}
	}
	// Assemble the test environment
	pm := newTestProtocolManager(4, generator, nil)
	peer, _ := newTestPeer("peer", protocol, pm, true)
	defer peer.close()

	// Collect the hashes to request, and the response to expect
	hashes := []common.Hash{}
	for i := uint64(0); i <= pm.chainman.CurrentBlock().NumberU64(); i++ {
		for _, tx := range pm.chainman.GetBlockByNumber(i).Transactions() {
			hashes = append(hashes, tx.Hash())
		}
	}
	receipts := make([]*types.Receipt, len(hashes))
	for i, hash := range hashes {
		receipts[i] = core.GetReceipt(pm.chaindb, hash)
	}
	// Send the hash request and verify the response
	p2p.Send(peer.app, 0x0f, hashes)
	if err := p2p.ExpectMsg(peer.app, 0x10, receipts); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("receipts mismatch: %v", err)
	}
}

func TestSigning(t *testing.T) {
	seckey, err := crypto.HexToECDSA("2934473d31f55a8a7c031bdef35b9587b40249969211aca5c29925cb04f84ccc")
	checkErr(t, err)

	t.Logf("Private key length: %v", len(crypto.FromECDSA(seckey)))
	t.Logf("private key: %x", crypto.FromECDSA(seckey))
	t.Logf("public key: %x", crypto.FromECDSAPub(&seckey.PublicKey))

	hdr, clm := jwsCompactParams(t)

	// Signed compact representation
	sm, err := Sign(seckey, hdr, clm, "foo")
	checkErr(t, err)

	_, err = sm.EncodeCompactJWS() // smc
	checkErr(t, err)

	r1, err := Base64Decode(sm.Signature)
	checkErr(t, err)

	t.Logf("Signature length == %v", len(r1))

	if len(r1) != 65 {
		t.Fatal("Invalid signature length")
	}

	res, err := sm.Verify(&seckey.PublicKey, "foo")
	checkErr(t, err)

	if err != nil || res == false {
		t.Fatal("Failed to recover a public key from signature")
	}
}

func jwsCompactParams(t *testing.T) (*Header, *ClaimSet) {
	seckey, err := crypto.HexToECDSA("2934473d31f55a8a7c031bdef35b9587b40249969211aca5c29925cb04f84ccc")
	checkErr(t, err)

	hdr := CreateDefaultHeader(&seckey.PublicKey)
	clm := CreateDefaultClaims(&seckey.PublicKey)

	return hdr, clm
}

func testREPL(t *testing.T, config func(*eth.Config)) (string, *testjethre, *eth.Ethereum) {
	tmp, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "geth-test")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()

	core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, core.GenesisAccount{common.HexToAddress(testAddress), common.String2Big(testBalance)})
	ks := crypto.NewKeyStorePlain(filepath.Join(tmp, "keystore"))
	am := accounts.NewManager(ks)
	conf := &eth.Config{
		NodeKey:        testNodeKey,
		DataDir:        tmp,
		AccountManager: am,
		MaxPeers:       0,
		Name:           "test",
		SolcPath:       testSolcPath,
		PowTest:        true,
		NewDB:          func(path string) (ethdb.Database, error) { return db, nil },
	}
	if config != nil {
		config(conf)
	}
	ethereum, err := eth.New(conf)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("%v", err)
	}

	keyb, err := crypto.HexToECDSA(testKey)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	key := crypto.NewKeyFromECDSA(keyb)
	err = ks.StoreKey(key, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	err = am.Unlock(key.Address, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	assetPath := filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "src", "github.com", "ethereum", "go-ethereum", "cmd", "mist", "assets", "ext")
	client := comms.NewInProcClient(codec.JSON)
	ds := docserver.New("/")
	tf := &testjethre{ds: ds}
	repl := newJSRE(ethereum, assetPath, "", client, false, tf)
	tf.jsre = repl
	return tmp, tf, ethereum
}

func main() {
	var (
		listenAddr  = flag.String("addr", ":30301", "listen address")
		genKey      = flag.String("genkey", "", "generate a node key and quit")
		nodeKeyFile = flag.String("nodekey", "", "private key filename")
		nodeKeyHex  = flag.String("nodekeyhex", "", "private key as hex (for testing)")
		natdesc     = flag.String("nat", "none", "port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>)")

		nodeKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey
		err     error
	)
	flag.Var(glog.GetVerbosity(), "verbosity", "log verbosity (0-9)")
	flag.Var(glog.GetVModule(), "vmodule", "log verbosity pattern")
	glog.SetToStderr(true)
	flag.Parse()

	if *genKey != "" {
		key, err := crypto.GenerateKey()
		if err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("could not generate key: %v", err)
		}
		if err := crypto.SaveECDSA(*genKey, key); err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
		}
		os.Exit(0)
	}

	natm, err := nat.Parse(*natdesc)
	if err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("-nat: %v", err)
	}
	switch {
	case *nodeKeyFile == "" && *nodeKeyHex == "":
		utils.Fatalf("Use -nodekey or -nodekeyhex to specify a private key")
	case *nodeKeyFile != "" && *nodeKeyHex != "":
		utils.Fatalf("Options -nodekey and -nodekeyhex are mutually exclusive")
	case *nodeKeyFile != "":
		if nodeKey, err = crypto.LoadECDSA(*nodeKeyFile); err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("-nodekey: %v", err)
		}
	case *nodeKeyHex != "":
		if nodeKey, err = crypto.HexToECDSA(*nodeKeyHex); err != nil {
			utils.Fatalf("-nodekeyhex: %v", err)
		}
	}

	if _, err := discover.ListenUDP(nodeKey, *listenAddr, natm, ""); err != nil {
		utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
	}
	select {}
}

// MakeSystemNode configures a protocol stack for the RPC tests based on a given
// keystore path and initial pre-state.
func MakeSystemNode(keydir string, privkey string, test *tests.BlockTest) (*node.Node, error) {
	// Create a networkless protocol stack
	stack, err := node.New(&node.Config{
		IPCPath:     node.DefaultIPCEndpoint(),
		HTTPHost:    common.DefaultHTTPHost,
		HTTPPort:    common.DefaultHTTPPort,
		HTTPModules: []string{"admin", "db", "eth", "debug", "miner", "net", "shh", "txpool", "personal", "web3"},
		WSHost:      common.DefaultWSHost,
		WSPort:      common.DefaultWSPort,
		WSModules:   []string{"admin", "db", "eth", "debug", "miner", "net", "shh", "txpool", "personal", "web3"},
		NoDiscovery: true,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Create the keystore and inject an unlocked account if requested
	accman := accounts.NewPlaintextManager(keydir)
	if len(privkey) > 0 {
		key, err := crypto.HexToECDSA(privkey)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		a, err := accman.ImportECDSA(key, "")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if err := accman.Unlock(a, ""); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	// Initialize and register the Ethereum protocol
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	if _, err := test.InsertPreState(db); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	ethConf := &eth.Config{
		TestGenesisState: db,
		TestGenesisBlock: test.Genesis,
		ChainConfig:      &core.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: params.MainNetHomesteadBlock},
		AccountManager:   accman,
	}
	if err := stack.Register(func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) { return eth.New(ctx, ethConf) }); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Initialize and register the Whisper protocol
	if err := stack.Register(func(*node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) { return whisper.New(), nil }); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return stack, nil
}

func testJEthRE(t *testing.T) (string, *testjethre, *eth.Ethereum) {
	tmp, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "geth-test")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// set up mock genesis with balance on the testAddress
	core.GenesisAccounts = []byte(testGenesis)

	ks := crypto.NewKeyStorePlain(filepath.Join(tmp, "keystore"))
	am := accounts.NewManager(ks)
	ethereum, err := eth.New(&eth.Config{
		NodeKey:        testNodeKey,
		DataDir:        tmp,
		AccountManager: am,
		MaxPeers:       0,
		Name:           "test",
		SolcPath:       testSolcPath,
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("%v", err)
	}

	keyb, err := crypto.HexToECDSA(testKey)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	key := crypto.NewKeyFromECDSA(keyb)
	err = ks.StoreKey(key, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	err = am.Unlock(key.Address, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	assetPath := filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "src", "github.com", "ethereum", "go-ethereum", "cmd", "mist", "assets", "ext")
	ds, err := docserver.New("/")
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Error creating DocServer: %v", err)
	}
	tf := &testjethre{ds: ds, stateDb: ethereum.ChainManager().State().Copy()}
	client := comms.NewInProcClient(codec.JSON)
	repl := newJSRE(ethereum, assetPath, "", client, false, tf)
	tf.jsre = repl
	return tmp, tf, ethereum
}

func GetNodeKey(ctx *cli.Context) (key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
	hex, file := ctx.GlobalString(NodeKeyHexFlag.Name), ctx.GlobalString(NodeKeyFileFlag.Name)
	var err error
	switch {
	case file != "" && hex != "":
		Fatalf("Options %q and %q are mutually exclusive", NodeKeyFileFlag.Name, NodeKeyHexFlag.Name)
	case file != "":
		if key, err = crypto.LoadECDSA(file); err != nil {
			Fatalf("Option %q: %v", NodeKeyFileFlag.Name, err)
		}
	case hex != "":
		if key, err = crypto.HexToECDSA(hex); err != nil {
			Fatalf("Option %q: %v", NodeKeyHexFlag.Name, err)
		}
	}
	return key
}

func main() {
	var (
		listenAddr  = flag.String("addr", ":30301", "listen address")
		genKey      = flag.String("genkey", "", "generate a node key and quit")
		nodeKeyFile = flag.String("nodekey", "", "private key filename")
		nodeKeyHex  = flag.String("nodekeyhex", "", "private key as hex (for testing)")
		natdesc     = flag.String("nat", "none", "port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>)")

		nodeKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey
		err     error
	)
	flag.Parse()
	logger.AddLogSystem(logger.NewStdLogSystem(os.Stdout, log.LstdFlags, logger.DebugLevel))

	if *genKey != "" {
		writeKey(*genKey)
		os.Exit(0)
	}

	natm, err := nat.Parse(*natdesc)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("-nat: %v", err)
	}
	switch {
	case *nodeKeyFile == "" && *nodeKeyHex == "":
		log.Fatal("Use -nodekey or -nodekeyhex to specify a private key")
	case *nodeKeyFile != "" && *nodeKeyHex != "":
		log.Fatal("Options -nodekey and -nodekeyhex are mutually exclusive")
	case *nodeKeyFile != "":
		if nodeKey, err = crypto.LoadECDSA(*nodeKeyFile); err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("-nodekey: %v", err)
		}
	case *nodeKeyHex != "":
		if nodeKey, err = crypto.HexToECDSA(*nodeKeyHex); err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("-nodekeyhex: %v", err)
		}
	}

	if _, err := discover.ListenUDP(nodeKey, *listenAddr, natm, ""); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	select {}
}

func TestLogReorgs(t *testing.T) {
	params.MinGasLimit = big.NewInt(125000)      // Minimum the gas limit may ever be.
	params.GenesisGasLimit = big.NewInt(3141592) // Gas limit of the Genesis block.

	var (
		key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		addr1   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key1.PublicKey)
		db, _   = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
		// this code generates a log
		code = common.Hex2Bytes("60606040525b7f24ec1d3ff24c2f6ff210738839dbc339cd45a5294d85c79361016243157aae7b60405180905060405180910390a15b600a8060416000396000f360606040526008565b00")
	)
	genesis := WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db,
		GenesisAccount{addr1, big.NewInt(10000000000000)},
	)

	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, testChainConfig(), FakePow{}, evmux)

	subs := evmux.Subscribe(RemovedLogsEvent{})
	chain, _ := GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 2, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		if i == 1 {
			tx, err := types.NewContractCreation(gen.TxNonce(addr1), new(big.Int), big.NewInt(1000000), new(big.Int), code).SignECDSA(key1)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("failed to create tx: %v", err)
			}
			gen.AddTx(tx)
		}
	})
	if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert chain: %v", err)
	}

	chain, _ = GenerateChain(nil, genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {})
	if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert forked chain: %v", err)
	}

	ev := <-subs.Chan()
	if len(ev.Data.(RemovedLogsEvent).Logs) == 0 {
		t.Error("expected logs")
	}
}

func TestForwardCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
	testkey, _ := crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
	wantNodeID := PubkeyID(&testkey.PublicKey)

	for _, test := range testPackets {
		input, err := hex.DecodeString(test.input)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("invalid hex: %s", test.input)
		}
		packet, nodeid, _, err := decodePacket(input)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("did not accept packet %s\n%v", test.input, err)
			continue
		}
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(packet, test.wantPacket) {
			t.Errorf("got %s\nwant %s", spew.Sdump(packet), spew.Sdump(test.wantPacket))
		}
		if nodeid != wantNodeID {
			t.Errorf("got id %v\nwant id %v", nodeid, wantNodeID)
		}
	}
}

func testEth(t *testing.T) (ethereum *eth.Ethereum, err error) {

	tmp, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "natspec-test")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	addr := common.HexToAddress(testAddress)
	core.WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, core.GenesisAccount{addr, common.String2Big(testBalance)})
	ks := crypto.NewKeyStorePassphrase(filepath.Join(tmp, "keystore"), crypto.LightScryptN, crypto.LightScryptP)
	am := accounts.NewManager(ks)
	keyb, err := crypto.HexToECDSA(testKey)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	key := crypto.NewKeyFromECDSA(keyb)
	err = ks.StoreKey(key, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	err = am.Unlock(key.Address, "")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// only use minimalistic stack with no networking
	return eth.New(&eth.Config{
		DataDir:                 tmp,
		AccountManager:          am,
		Etherbase:               common.HexToAddress(testAddress),
		MaxPeers:                0,
		PowTest:                 true,
		NewDB:                   func(path string) (ethdb.Database, error) { return db, nil },
		GpoMinGasPrice:          common.Big1,
		GpobaseCorrectionFactor: 1,
		GpoMaxGasPrice:          common.Big1,
	})
}

func ExampleGenerateChain() {
	var (
		key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("8a1f9a8f95be41cd7ccb6168179afb4504aefe388d1e14474d32c45c72ce7b7a")
		key3, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("49a7b37aa6f6645917e7b807e9d1c00d4fa71f18343b0d4122a4d2df64dd6fee")
		addr1   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key1.PublicKey)
		addr2   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key2.PublicKey)
		addr3   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key3.PublicKey)
		db, _   = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	)

	// Ensure that key1 has some funds in the genesis block.
	genesis := GenesisBlockForTesting(db, addr1, big.NewInt(1000000))

	// This call generates a chain of 5 blocks. The function runs for
	// each block and adds different features to gen based on the
	// block index.
	chain := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		switch i {
		case 0:
			// In block 1, addr1 sends addr2 some ether.
			tx, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr1), addr2, big.NewInt(10000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key1)
			gen.AddTx(tx)
		case 1:
			// In block 2, addr1 sends some more ether to addr2.
			// addr2 passes it on to addr3.
			tx1, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr1), addr2, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key1)
			tx2, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr2), addr3, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key2)
			gen.AddTx(tx1)
			gen.AddTx(tx2)
		case 2:
			// Block 3 is empty but was mined by addr3.
			gen.SetCoinbase(addr3)
			gen.SetExtra([]byte("yeehaw"))
		case 3:
			// Block 4 includes blocks 2 and 3 as uncle headers (with modified extra data).
			b2 := gen.PrevBlock(1).Header()
			b2.Extra = []byte("foo")
			gen.AddUncle(b2)
			b3 := gen.PrevBlock(2).Header()
			b3.Extra = []byte("foo")
			gen.AddUncle(b3)
		}
	})

	// Import the chain. This runs all block validation rules.
	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
	chainman.SetProcessor(NewBlockProcessor(db, db, FakePow{}, chainman, evmux))
	if i, err := chainman.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", i, err)
		return
	}

	state := chainman.State()
	fmt.Printf("last block: #%d\n", chainman.CurrentBlock().Number())
	fmt.Println("balance of addr1:", state.GetBalance(addr1))
	fmt.Println("balance of addr2:", state.GetBalance(addr2))
	fmt.Println("balance of addr3:", state.GetBalance(addr3))
	// Output:
	// last block: #5
	// balance of addr1: 989000
	// balance of addr2: 10000
	// balance of addr3: 5906250000000001000
}

func TestMipmapChain(t *testing.T) {
	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "mipmap")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

	var (
		db, _   = ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(dir, 16)
		key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		addr    = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key1.PublicKey)
		addr2   = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("jeff"))

		hash1 = common.BytesToHash([]byte("topic1"))
	)
	defer db.Close()

	genesis := WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db, GenesisAccount{addr, big.NewInt(1000000)})
	chain, receipts := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 1010, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		var receipts types.Receipts
		switch i {
		case 1:
			receipt := types.NewReceipt(nil, new(big.Int))
			receipt.Logs = vm.Logs{
				&vm.Log{
					Address: addr,
					Topics:  []common.Hash{hash1},
				},
			}
			gen.AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt)
			receipts = types.Receipts{receipt}
		case 1000:
			receipt := types.NewReceipt(nil, new(big.Int))
			receipt.Logs = vm.Logs{&vm.Log{Address: addr2}}
			gen.AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt)
			receipts = types.Receipts{receipt}

		}

		// store the receipts
		err := PutReceipts(db, receipts)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		WriteMipmapBloom(db, uint64(i+1), receipts)
	})
	for i, block := range chain {
		WriteBlock(db, block)
		if err := WriteCanonicalHash(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to insert block number: %v", err)
		}
		if err := WriteHeadBlockHash(db, block.Hash()); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to insert block number: %v", err)
		}
		if err := PutBlockReceipts(db, block.Hash(), receipts[i]); err != nil {
			t.Fatal("error writing block receipts:", err)
		}
	}

	bloom := GetMipmapBloom(db, 0, 1000)
	if bloom.TestBytes(addr2[:]) {
		t.Error("address was included in bloom and should not have")
	}
}

func TestHandshakeForwardCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		keyA, _       = crypto.HexToECDSA("49a7b37aa6f6645917e7b807e9d1c00d4fa71f18343b0d4122a4d2df64dd6fee")
		keyB, _       = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		pubA          = crypto.FromECDSAPub(&keyA.PublicKey)[1:]
		pubB          = crypto.FromECDSAPub(&keyB.PublicKey)[1:]
		ephA, _       = crypto.HexToECDSA("869d6ecf5211f1cc60418a13b9d870b22959d0c16f02bec714c960dd2298a32d")
		ephB, _       = crypto.HexToECDSA("e238eb8e04fee6511ab04c6dd3c89ce097b11f25d584863ac2b6d5b35b1847e4")
		ephPubA       = crypto.FromECDSAPub(&ephA.PublicKey)[1:]
		ephPubB       = crypto.FromECDSAPub(&ephB.PublicKey)[1:]
		nonceA        = unhex("7e968bba13b6c50e2c4cd7f241cc0d64d1ac25c7f5952df231ac6a2bda8ee5d6")
		nonceB        = unhex("559aead08264d5795d3909718cdd05abd49572e84fe55590eef31a88a08fdffd")
		_, _, _, _    = pubA, pubB, ephPubA, ephPubB
		authSignature = unhex("299ca6acfd35e3d72d8ba3d1e2b60b5561d5af5218eb5bc182045769eb4226910a301acae3b369fffc4a4899d6b02531e89fd4fe36a2cf0d93607ba470b50f7800")
		_             = authSignature
	)
	makeAuth := func(test handshakeAuthTest) *authMsgV4 {
		msg := &authMsgV4{Version: test.wantVersion, Rest: test.wantRest, gotPlain: test.isPlain}
		copy(msg.Signature[:], authSignature)
		copy(msg.InitiatorPubkey[:], pubA)
		copy(msg.Nonce[:], nonceA)
		return msg
	}
	makeAck := func(test handshakeAckTest) *authRespV4 {
		msg := &authRespV4{Version: test.wantVersion, Rest: test.wantRest}
		copy(msg.RandomPubkey[:], ephPubB)
		copy(msg.Nonce[:], nonceB)
		return msg
	}

	// check auth msg parsing
	for _, test := range eip8HandshakeAuthTests {
		r := bytes.NewReader(unhex(test.input))
		msg := new(authMsgV4)
		ciphertext, err := readHandshakeMsg(msg, encAuthMsgLen, keyB, r)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("error for input %x:\n  %v", unhex(test.input), err)
			continue
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(ciphertext, unhex(test.input)) {
			t.Errorf("wrong ciphertext for input %x:\n  %x", unhex(test.input), ciphertext)
		}
		want := makeAuth(test)
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(msg, want) {
			t.Errorf("wrong msg for input %x:\ngot %s\nwant %s", unhex(test.input), spew.Sdump(msg), spew.Sdump(want))
		}
	}

	// check auth resp parsing
	for _, test := range eip8HandshakeRespTests {
		input := unhex(test.input)
		r := bytes.NewReader(input)
		msg := new(authRespV4)
		ciphertext, err := readHandshakeMsg(msg, encAuthRespLen, keyA, r)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("error for input %x:\n  %v", input, err)
			continue
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(ciphertext, input) {
			t.Errorf("wrong ciphertext for input %x:\n  %x", input, err)
		}
		want := makeAck(test)
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(msg, want) {
			t.Errorf("wrong msg for input %x:\ngot %s\nwant %s", input, spew.Sdump(msg), spew.Sdump(want))
		}
	}

	// check derivation for (Auth₂, Ack₂) on recipient side
	var (
		hs = &encHandshake{
			initiator:     false,
			respNonce:     nonceB,
			randomPrivKey: ecies.ImportECDSA(ephB),
		}
		authCiphertext     = unhex(eip8HandshakeAuthTests[1].input)
		authRespCiphertext = unhex(eip8HandshakeRespTests[1].input)
		authMsg            = makeAuth(eip8HandshakeAuthTests[1])
		wantAES            = unhex("80e8632c05fed6fc2a13b0f8d31a3cf645366239170ea067065aba8e28bac487")
		wantMAC            = unhex("2ea74ec5dae199227dff1af715362700e989d889d7a493cb0639691efb8e5f98")
		wantFooIngressHash = unhex("0c7ec6340062cc46f5e9f1e3cf86f8c8c403c5a0964f5df0ebd34a75ddc86db5")
	)
	if err := hs.handleAuthMsg(authMsg, keyB); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("handleAuthMsg: %v", err)
	}
	derived, err := hs.secrets(authCiphertext, authRespCiphertext)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("secrets: %v", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(derived.AES, wantAES) {
		t.Errorf("aes-secret mismatch:\ngot %x\nwant %x", derived.AES, wantAES)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(derived.MAC, wantMAC) {
		t.Errorf("mac-secret mismatch:\ngot %x\nwant %x", derived.MAC, wantMAC)
	}
	io.WriteString(derived.IngressMAC, "foo")
	fooIngressHash := derived.IngressMAC.Sum(nil)
	if !bytes.Equal(fooIngressHash, wantFooIngressHash) {
		t.Errorf("ingress-mac('foo') mismatch:\ngot %x\nwant %x", fooIngressHash, wantFooIngressHash)
	}
}

func BenchmarkInsertChain_ring200_memdb(b *testing.B) {
	benchInsertChain(b, false, genTxRing(200))
}
func BenchmarkInsertChain_ring200_diskdb(b *testing.B) {
	benchInsertChain(b, true, genTxRing(200))
}
func BenchmarkInsertChain_ring1000_memdb(b *testing.B) {
	benchInsertChain(b, false, genTxRing(1000))
}
func BenchmarkInsertChain_ring1000_diskdb(b *testing.B) {
	benchInsertChain(b, true, genTxRing(1000))
}

var (
	// This is the content of the genesis block used by the benchmarks.
	benchRootKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
	benchRootAddr   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(benchRootKey.PublicKey)
	benchRootFunds  = common.BigPow(2, 100)
)

// genValueTx returns a block generator that includes a single
// value-transfer transaction with n bytes of extra data in each
// block.
func genValueTx(nbytes int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
	return func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		toaddr := common.Address{}
		data := make([]byte, nbytes)
		gas := IntrinsicGas(data)
		tx, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(benchRootAddr), toaddr, big.NewInt(1), gas, nil, data).SignECDSA(benchRootKey)
		gen.AddTx(tx)
	}

// Tests that chain reorganizations handle transaction removals and reinsertions.
func TestChainTxReorgs(t *testing.T) {
	params.MinGasLimit = big.NewInt(125000)      // Minimum the gas limit may ever be.
	params.GenesisGasLimit = big.NewInt(3141592) // Gas limit of the Genesis block.

	var (
		key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("8a1f9a8f95be41cd7ccb6168179afb4504aefe388d1e14474d32c45c72ce7b7a")
		key3, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("49a7b37aa6f6645917e7b807e9d1c00d4fa71f18343b0d4122a4d2df64dd6fee")
		addr1   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key1.PublicKey)
		addr2   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key2.PublicKey)
		addr3   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key3.PublicKey)
		db, _   = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	)
	genesis := WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(db,
		GenesisAccount{addr1, big.NewInt(1000000)},
		GenesisAccount{addr2, big.NewInt(1000000)},
		GenesisAccount{addr3, big.NewInt(1000000)},
	)
	// Create two transactions shared between the chains:
	//  - postponed: transaction included at a later block in the forked chain
	//  - swapped: transaction included at the same block number in the forked chain
	postponed, _ := types.NewTransaction(0, addr1, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key1)
	swapped, _ := types.NewTransaction(1, addr1, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key1)

	// Create two transactions that will be dropped by the forked chain:
	//  - pastDrop: transaction dropped retroactively from a past block
	//  - freshDrop: transaction dropped exactly at the block where the reorg is detected
	var pastDrop, freshDrop *types.Transaction

	// Create three transactions that will be added in the forked chain:
	//  - pastAdd:   transaction added before the reorganiztion is detected
	//  - freshAdd:  transaction added at the exact block the reorg is detected
	//  - futureAdd: transaction added after the reorg has already finished
	var pastAdd, freshAdd, futureAdd *types.Transaction

	chain, _ := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 3, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		switch i {
		case 0:
			pastDrop, _ = types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr2), addr2, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key2)

			gen.AddTx(pastDrop)  // This transaction will be dropped in the fork from below the split point
			gen.AddTx(postponed) // This transaction will be postponed till block #3 in the fork

		case 2:
			freshDrop, _ = types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr2), addr2, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key2)

			gen.AddTx(freshDrop) // This transaction will be dropped in the fork from exactly at the split point
			gen.AddTx(swapped)   // This transaction will be swapped out at the exact height

			gen.OffsetTime(9) // Lower the block difficulty to simulate a weaker chain
		}
	})
	// Import the chain. This runs all block validation rules.
	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, FakePow{}, evmux)
	if i, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert original chain[%d]: %v", i, err)
	}

	// overwrite the old chain
	chain, _ = GenerateChain(genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		switch i {
		case 0:
			pastAdd, _ = types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr3), addr3, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key3)
			gen.AddTx(pastAdd) // This transaction needs to be injected during reorg

		case 2:
			gen.AddTx(postponed) // This transaction was postponed from block #1 in the original chain
			gen.AddTx(swapped)   // This transaction was swapped from the exact current spot in the original chain

			freshAdd, _ = types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr3), addr3, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key3)
			gen.AddTx(freshAdd) // This transaction will be added exactly at reorg time

		case 3:
			futureAdd, _ = types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr3), addr3, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key3)
			gen.AddTx(futureAdd) // This transaction will be added after a full reorg
		}
	})
	if _, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert forked chain: %v", err)
	}

	// removed tx
	for i, tx := range (types.Transactions{pastDrop, freshDrop}) {
		if txn, _, _, _ := GetTransaction(db, tx.Hash()); txn != nil {
			t.Errorf("drop %d: tx %v found while shouldn't have been", i, txn)
		}
		if GetReceipt(db, tx.Hash()) != nil {
			t.Errorf("drop %d: receipt found while shouldn't have been", i)
		}
	}
	// added tx
	for i, tx := range (types.Transactions{pastAdd, freshAdd, futureAdd}) {
		if txn, _, _, _ := GetTransaction(db, tx.Hash()); txn == nil {
			t.Errorf("add %d: expected tx to be found", i)
		}
		if GetReceipt(db, tx.Hash()) == nil {
			t.Errorf("add %d: expected receipt to be found", i)
		}
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Tests that various import methods move the chain head pointers to the correct
// positions.
func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) {
	// Configure and generate a sample block chain
	var (
		gendb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
		key, _   = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		address  = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
		funds    = big.NewInt(1000000000)
		genesis  = GenesisBlockForTesting(gendb, address, funds)
	)
	height := uint64(1024)
	blocks, receipts := GenerateChain(genesis, gendb, int(height), nil)

	// Configure a subchain to roll back
	remove := []common.Hash{}
	for _, block := range blocks[height/2:] {
		remove = append(remove, block.Hash())
	}
	// Create a small assertion method to check the three heads
	assert := func(t *testing.T, kind string, chain *BlockChain, header uint64, fast uint64, block uint64) {
		if num := chain.CurrentBlock().NumberU64(); num != block {
			t.Errorf("%s head block mismatch: have #%v, want #%v", kind, num, block)
		}
		if num := chain.CurrentFastBlock().NumberU64(); num != fast {
			t.Errorf("%s head fast-block mismatch: have #%v, want #%v", kind, num, fast)
		}
		if num := chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Uint64(); num != header {
			t.Errorf("%s head header mismatch: have #%v, want #%v", kind, num, header)
		}
	}
	// Import the chain as an archive node and ensure all pointers are updated
	archiveDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(archiveDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds})

	archive, _ := NewBlockChain(archiveDb, FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux))

	if n, err := archive.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to process block %d: %v", n, err)
	}
	assert(t, "archive", archive, height, height, height)
	archive.Rollback(remove)
	assert(t, "archive", archive, height/2, height/2, height/2)

	// Import the chain as a non-archive node and ensure all pointers are updated
	fastDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(fastDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds})
	fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux))

	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks))
	for i, block := range blocks {
		headers[i] = block.Header()
	}
	if n, err := fast.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
	}
	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
	}
	assert(t, "fast", fast, height, height, 0)
	fast.Rollback(remove)
	assert(t, "fast", fast, height/2, height/2, 0)

	// Import the chain as a light node and ensure all pointers are updated
	lightDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(lightDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds})
	light, _ := NewBlockChain(lightDb, FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux))

	if n, err := light.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
	}
	assert(t, "light", light, height, 0, 0)
	light.Rollback(remove)
	assert(t, "light", light, height/2, 0, 0)
}

// Tests that fast importing a block chain produces the same chain data as the
// classical full block processing.
func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) {
	// Configure and generate a sample block chain
	var (
		gendb, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
		key, _   = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		address  = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
		funds    = big.NewInt(1000000000)
		genesis  = GenesisBlockForTesting(gendb, address, funds)
	)
	blocks, receipts := GenerateChain(genesis, gendb, 1024, func(i int, block *BlockGen) {
		block.SetCoinbase(common.Address{0x00})

		// If the block number is multiple of 3, send a few bonus transactions to the miner
		if i%3 == 2 {
			for j := 0; j < i%4+1; j++ {
				tx, err := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(address), common.Address{0x00}, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key)
				if err != nil {
					panic(err)
				}
				block.AddTx(tx)
			}
		}
		// If the block number is a multiple of 5, add a few bonus uncles to the block
		if i%5 == 5 {
			block.AddUncle(&types.Header{ParentHash: block.PrevBlock(i - 1).Hash(), Number: big.NewInt(int64(i - 1))})
		}
	})
	// Import the chain as an archive node for the comparison baseline
	archiveDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(archiveDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds})

	archive, _ := NewBlockChain(archiveDb, FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux))

	if n, err := archive.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to process block %d: %v", n, err)
	}
	// Fast import the chain as a non-archive node to test
	fastDb, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	WriteGenesisBlockForTesting(fastDb, GenesisAccount{address, funds})
	fast, _ := NewBlockChain(fastDb, FakePow{}, new(event.TypeMux))

	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks))
	for i, block := range blocks {
		headers[i] = block.Header()
	}
	if n, err := fast.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
	}
	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to insert receipt %d: %v", n, err)
	}
	// Iterate over all chain data components, and cross reference
	for i := 0; i < len(blocks); i++ {
		num, hash := blocks[i].NumberU64(), blocks[i].Hash()

		if ftd, atd := fast.GetTd(hash), archive.GetTd(hash); ftd.Cmp(atd) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("block #%d [%x]: td mismatch: have %v, want %v", num, hash, ftd, atd)
		}
		if fheader, aheader := fast.GetHeader(hash), archive.GetHeader(hash); fheader.Hash() != aheader.Hash() {
			t.Errorf("block #%d [%x]: header mismatch: have %v, want %v", num, hash, fheader, aheader)
		}
		if fblock, ablock := fast.GetBlock(hash), archive.GetBlock(hash); fblock.Hash() != ablock.Hash() {
			t.Errorf("block #%d [%x]: block mismatch: hav