import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
public TiffOutputSet getOutputSet() throws ImageWriteException {
    final ByteOrder byteOrder = contents.header.byteOrder;
    final TiffOutputSet result = new TiffOutputSet(byteOrder);

    final List<? extends IImageMetadataItem> srcDirs = getDirectories();
    for (IImageMetadataItem srcDir1 : srcDirs) {
        final Directory srcDir = (Directory) srcDir1;

        if (null != result.findDirectory(srcDir.type)) {
            // Certain cameras right directories more than once.
            // This is a bug.
            // Ignore second directory of a given type.
            continue;
        }

        final TiffOutputDirectory outputDirectory = srcDir
                .getOutputDirectory(byteOrder);
        result.addDirectory(outputDirectory);
    }

    return result;
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
public TiffOutputSet getOutputSet() throws ImageWriteException {
    final ByteOrder byteOrder = contents.header.byteOrder;
    final TiffOutputSet result = new TiffOutputSet(byteOrder);

    final List<? extends ImageMetadataItem> srcDirs = getDirectories();
    for (final ImageMetadataItem srcDir1 : srcDirs) {
        final Directory srcDir = (Directory) srcDir1;

        if (null != result.findDirectory(srcDir.type)) {
            // Certain cameras right directories more than once.
            // This is a bug.
            // Ignore second directory of a given type.
            continue;
        }

        final TiffOutputDirectory outputDirectory = srcDir.getOutputDirectory(byteOrder);
        result.addDirectory(outputDirectory);
    }

    return result;
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
/**
 * This method will copy the Exif "orientation" information to the resulting image, if the
 * original image contains this data too.
 *
 * @param sourceImage
 *            The source image.
 * @param result
 *            The original result.
 * @return The new result containing the Exif orientation.
 */
public static byte[] copyExifOrientation(byte[] sourceImage, byte[] result) {
    try {
        ImageMetadata imageMetadata = Imaging.getMetadata(sourceImage);
        if (imageMetadata == null) {
            return result;
        }
        List<? extends ImageMetadata.ImageMetadataItem> metadataItems = imageMetadata
                .getItems();
        for (ImageMetadata.ImageMetadataItem metadataItem : metadataItems) {
            if (metadataItem instanceof TiffImageMetadata.TiffMetadataItem) {
                TiffField tiffField = ((TiffImageMetadata.TiffMetadataItem) metadataItem)
                        .getTiffField();
                if (!tiffField.getTagInfo().equals(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_ORIENTATION)) {
                    continue;
                }
                Object orientationValue = tiffField.getValue();
                if (orientationValue == null) {
                    break;
                }
                TiffOutputSet outputSet = new TiffOutputSet();
                TiffOutputDirectory outputDirectory = outputSet.getOrCreateRootDirectory();
                outputDirectory.add(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_ORIENTATION,
                        ((Number) orientationValue).shortValue());
                ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

                new ExifRewriter().updateExifMetadataLossy(result, outputStream, outputSet);
                return outputStream.toByteArray();
            }
        }
    } catch (IOException | ImageWriteException | ImageReadException e) {
        LOGGER.warn("Error reading image: {}", e.getMessage());
    }
    return result;
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
@Test
public void testWrite() throws Exception {
    final BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(10, 10, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
    final TiffOutputSet exifSet = new TiffOutputSet();
    final TiffOutputDirectory root = exifSet.getOrCreateRootDirectory();
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPAUTHOR, AUTHOR);
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPCOMMENT, COMMENT);
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPSUBJECT, SUBJECT);
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPTITLE, TITLE);
    final Map<String, Object> params = new TreeMap<>();
    params.put(ImagingConstants.PARAM_KEY_EXIF, exifSet);
    final byte[] bytes = Imaging.writeImageToBytes(image, ImageFormats.TIFF, params);
    checkFields(bytes);
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
@Test
public void testRewrite() throws Exception {
    final byte[] imageWithExif = cleanImage(getImageWithExifData());

    final TiffImageMetadata metadata = toTiffMetadata(Imaging.getMetadata(imageWithExif));
    final ExifRewriter rewriter = new ExifRewriter();
    final TiffOutputSet outputSet = metadata.getOutputSet();
    final TiffOutputDirectory root = outputSet.getOrCreateRootDirectory();
    
    // In Windows these will also hide XP fields:
    root.removeField(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_IMAGE_DESCRIPTION);
    root.removeField(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_ARTIST);
    
    // Duplicates can be a problem:
    root.removeField(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPAUTHOR);
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPAUTHOR, AUTHOR);
    
    root.removeField(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPCOMMENT);
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPCOMMENT, COMMENT);
    
    root.removeField(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPSUBJECT);
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPSUBJECT, SUBJECT);
    
    root.removeField(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPTITLE);
    root.add(MicrosoftTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_XPTITLE, TITLE);
    
    final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    rewriter.updateExifMetadataLossy(imageWithExif, baos, outputSet);
    checkFields(baos.toByteArray());
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
@Override public void update(InputStream is, OutputStream os, PhotoMetadata metadata)
        throws DAOException {
    if (is == null)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    if (os == null)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    if (metadata == null)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    LOGGER.debug("updating photo metadata {}", metadata);

    String tags = "travelimg";

    for (Tag element : metadata.getTags()) {
        tags += "/" + element.getName();
    }

    Rating rating = metadata.getRating();
    tags += "/rating|" + rating;

    Place place = metadata.getPlace();
    if (place != null) {
        tags += "/place|" + place.getCity() + "|" + place.getCountry() + "|" + place
                .getLatitude() + "|" + place.getLongitude();
    }

    Journey journey = metadata.getJourney();
    if (journey != null) {
        tags += "/journey|" + journey.getName() + "|" + journey.getStartDate()
                .format(DATE_FORMATTER) + "|" + journey.getEndDate().format(DATE_FORMATTER);
    }

    Photographer photographer = metadata.getPhotographer();
    if (photographer != null) {
        tags += "/photographer|" + photographer.getName();
    }

    try {
        is.mark(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        ImageMetadata imageData = Imaging.getMetadata(is, null);
        if (imageData == null) {
            LOGGER.debug("could not find image metadata");
            throw new DAOException("No metadata found.");
        }
        if (!(imageData instanceof JpegImageMetadata)) {
            LOGGER.debug("metadata is of unknown type");
            throw new DAOException("Metadata is of unknown type.");
        }

        JpegImageMetadata jpegData = (JpegImageMetadata) imageData;
        TiffOutputSet outputSet = new TiffOutputSet();
        TiffImageMetadata exifData = jpegData.getExif();
        if (exifData != null) {
            outputSet = exifData.getOutputSet();
        }

        TiffOutputDirectory exifDirectory = outputSet.getOrCreateExifDirectory();
        outputSet.setGPSInDegrees(metadata.getLongitude(), metadata.getLatitude());

        exifDirectory.removeField(ExifTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_DATE_TIME_ORIGINAL);
        exifDirectory.add(ExifTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_DATE_TIME_ORIGINAL,
                DATE_FORMATTER.format(metadata.getDatetime()));

        exifDirectory.removeField(ExifTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_USER_COMMENT);
        exifDirectory.add(ExifTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_USER_COMMENT, tags);

        is.reset();
        new ExifRewriter().updateExifMetadataLossless(is, os, outputSet);

    } catch (IOException | ImageReadException | ImageWriteException ex) {
        LOGGER.warn("failed updating metadata");
        throw new DAOException(ex);
    }

    LOGGER.debug("updated photo metadata");
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
public TiffOutputDirectory getOutputDirectory(final ByteOrder byteOrder)
        throws ImageWriteException {
    try {
        final TiffOutputDirectory dstDir = new TiffOutputDirectory(type,
                byteOrder);

        final List<? extends IImageMetadataItem> entries = getItems();
        for (IImageMetadataItem entry : entries) {
            final TiffImageMetadata.Item item = (TiffImageMetadata.Item) entry;
            final TiffField srcField = item.getTiffField();

            if (null != dstDir.findField(srcField.getTag())) {
                // ignore duplicate tags in a directory.
                continue;
            } else if (srcField.getTagInfo().isOffset()) {
                // ignore offset fields.
                continue;
            }

            final TagInfo tagInfo = srcField.getTagInfo();
            final FieldType fieldType = srcField.getFieldType();
            // byte bytes[] = srcField.fieldType.getRawBytes(srcField);

            // Debug.debug("tagInfo", tagInfo);

            final Object value = srcField.getValue();

            // Debug.debug("value", Debug.getType(value));

            final byte[] bytes = tagInfo.encodeValue(fieldType, value,
                    byteOrder);

            // if (tagInfo.isUnknown())
            // Debug.debug(
            // "\t" + "unknown tag(0x"
            // + Integer.toHexString(srcField.tag)
            // + ") bytes", bytes);

            final int count = bytes.length / fieldType.getSize();
            final TiffOutputField dstField = new TiffOutputField(
                    srcField.getTag(), tagInfo, fieldType, count, bytes);
            dstField.setSortHint(srcField.getSortHint());
            dstDir.add(dstField);
        }

        dstDir.setTiffImageData(getTiffImageData());
        dstDir.setJpegImageData(getJpegImageData());

        return dstDir;
    } catch (final ImageReadException e) {
        throw new ImageWriteException(e.getMessage(), e);
    }
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
public TiffOutputDirectory getOutputDirectory(final ByteOrder byteOrder)
        throws ImageWriteException {
    try {
        final TiffOutputDirectory dstDir = new TiffOutputDirectory(type,
                byteOrder);

        final List<? extends ImageMetadataItem> entries = getItems();
        for (final ImageMetadataItem entry : entries) {
            final TiffMetadataItem item = (TiffMetadataItem) entry;
            final TiffField srcField = item.getTiffField();

            if (null != dstDir.findField(srcField.getTag())) {
                // ignore duplicate tags in a directory.
                continue;
            } else if (srcField.getTagInfo().isOffset()) {
                // ignore offset fields.
                continue;
            }

            final TagInfo tagInfo = srcField.getTagInfo();
            final FieldType fieldType = srcField.getFieldType();
            // byte bytes[] = srcField.fieldType.getRawBytes(srcField);

            // Debug.debug("tagInfo", tagInfo);

            final Object value = srcField.getValue();

            // Debug.debug("value", Debug.getType(value));

            final byte[] bytes = tagInfo.encodeValue(fieldType, value,
                    byteOrder);

            // if (tagInfo.isUnknown())
            // Debug.debug(
            // "\t" + "unknown tag(0x"
            // + Integer.toHexString(srcField.tag)
            // + ") bytes", bytes);

            final int count = bytes.length / fieldType.getSize();
            final TiffOutputField dstField = new TiffOutputField(
                    srcField.getTag(), tagInfo, fieldType, count, bytes);
            dstField.setSortHint(srcField.getSortHint());
            dstDir.add(dstField);
        }

        dstDir.setTiffImageData(getTiffImageData());
        dstDir.setJpegImageData(getJpegImageData());

        return dstDir;
    } catch (final ImageReadException e) {
        throw new ImageWriteException(e.getMessage(), e);
    }
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
@Test
public void testReadWriteTags() throws ImageWriteException, ImageReadException, IOException {
    final String description = "A pretty picture";
    final short page = 1;
    final RationalNumber twoThirds = new RationalNumber(2, 3);
    final int t4Options = 0;
    final int width = 10;
    final short height = 10;
    final String area = "A good area";
    final float widthRes = 2.2f;
    final double geoDoubleParams = -8.4;
    
    final TiffOutputSet set = new TiffOutputSet();
    final TiffOutputDirectory dir = set.getOrCreateRootDirectory();
    dir.add(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_IMAGE_DESCRIPTION, description);
    dir.add(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_PAGE_NUMBER, page, page);
    dir.add(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_YRESOLUTION, twoThirds);
    dir.add(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_T4_OPTIONS, t4Options);
    dir.add(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_IMAGE_WIDTH, width);
    dir.add(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_IMAGE_LENGTH, new short[]{height});
    dir.add(GpsTagConstants.GPS_TAG_GPS_AREA_INFORMATION, area);
    dir.add(MicrosoftHdPhotoTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_WIDTH_RESOLUTION, widthRes);
    dir.add(GeoTiffTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_GEO_DOUBLE_PARAMS_TAG, geoDoubleParams);
    
    final TiffImageWriterLossy writer = new TiffImageWriterLossy();
    final ByteArrayOutputStream tiff = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    writer.write(tiff, set);
    
    final TiffReader reader = new TiffReader(true);
    final Map<String, Object> params = new TreeMap<>();
    final FormatCompliance formatCompliance = new FormatCompliance("");
    final TiffContents contents = reader.readFirstDirectory(new ByteSourceArray(tiff.toByteArray()), params, true, formatCompliance);
    final TiffDirectory rootDir = contents.directories.get(0);
    assertEquals(description, rootDir.getSingleFieldValue(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_IMAGE_DESCRIPTION));
    assertEquals(page, rootDir.getFieldValue(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_PAGE_NUMBER, true)[0]);
    final RationalNumber yRes = rootDir.getFieldValue(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_YRESOLUTION);
    assertEquals(twoThirds.numerator, yRes.numerator);
    assertEquals(twoThirds.divisor, yRes.divisor);
    assertEquals(t4Options, rootDir.getFieldValue(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_T4_OPTIONS));
    assertEquals(width, rootDir.getSingleFieldValue(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_IMAGE_WIDTH));
    assertEquals(width, rootDir.getSingleFieldValue(TiffTagConstants.TIFF_TAG_IMAGE_LENGTH));
    assertEquals(area, rootDir.getFieldValue(GpsTagConstants.GPS_TAG_GPS_AREA_INFORMATION, true));
    assertEquals(widthRes, rootDir.getFieldValue(MicrosoftHdPhotoTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_WIDTH_RESOLUTION), 0.0);
    assertEquals(geoDoubleParams, rootDir.getFieldValue(GeoTiffTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_GEO_DOUBLE_PARAMS_TAG, true)[0], 0.0);
}
 

import org.apache.commons.imaging.formats.tiff.write.TiffOutputDirectory; //导入依赖的package包/类
/**
 * This example illustrates how to remove a tag (if present) from EXIF
 * metadata in a JPEG file.
 * 
 * In this case, we remove the "aperture" tag from the EXIF metadata if
 * present.
 * 
 * @param jpegImageFile
 *            A source image file.
 * @param dst
 *            The output file.
 * @throws IOException
 * @throws ImageReadException
 * @throws ImageWriteException
 */
public void removeExifTag(final File jpegImageFile, final File dst) throws IOException,
        ImageReadException, ImageWriteException {
    try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(dst);
            OutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(fos)) {
        TiffOutputSet outputSet = null;

        // note that metadata might be null if no metadata is found.
        final ImageMetadata metadata = Imaging.getMetadata(jpegImageFile);
        final JpegImageMetadata jpegMetadata = (JpegImageMetadata) metadata;
        if (null != jpegMetadata) {
            // note that exif might be null if no Exif metadata is found.
            final TiffImageMetadata exif = jpegMetadata.getExif();

            if (null != exif) {
                // TiffImageMetadata class is immutable (read-only).
                // TiffOutputSet class represents the Exif data to write.
                //
                // Usually, we want to update existing Exif metadata by
                // changing
                // the values of a few fields, or adding a field.
                // In these cases, it is easiest to use getOutputSet() to
                // start with a "copy" of the fields read from the image.
                outputSet = exif.getOutputSet();
            }
        }

        if (null == outputSet) {
            // file does not contain any exif metadata. We don't need to
            // update the file; just copy it.
            FileUtils.copyFile(jpegImageFile, dst);
            return;
        }

        {
            // Example of how to remove a single tag/field.
            // There are two ways to do this.

            // Option 1: brute force
            // Note that this approach is crude: Exif data is organized in
            // directories. The same tag/field may appear in more than one
            // directory, and have different meanings in each.
            outputSet.removeField(ExifTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_APERTURE_VALUE);

            // Option 2: precision
            // We know the exact directory the tag should appear in, in this
            // case the "exif" directory.
            // One complicating factor is that in some cases, manufacturers
            // will place the same tag in different directories.
            // To learn which directory a tag appears in, either refer to
            // the constants in ExifTagConstants.java or go to Phil Harvey's
            // EXIF website.
            final TiffOutputDirectory exifDirectory = outputSet.getExifDirectory();
            if (null != exifDirectory) {
                exifDirectory.removeField(ExifTagConstants.EXIF_TAG_APERTURE_VALUE);
            }
        }

        new ExifRewriter().updateExifMetadataLossless(jpegImageFile, os,
                outputSet);
    }
}