javascript - How to pass a variable into a setTimeout function?

Question

I'm trying to set five staggered function calls (happening one second apart). That part works fine. What doesn't work is, I can't pass values 0 through 4 into the callback function. It just passes '5' each time. I can't seem to figure out why and how to fix it.

Code:

?function callback(num)
{
    console.log(num);
}

for (var i = 0, loadDelay = 1000; i < 5; ++ i, loadDelay += 1000)
    setTimeout(function() { callback(i); }, loadDelay);

Result:

5
5
5
5
5

Desired result:

0
1
2
3
4

Answer 1

That's because you create a closure. So the function you pass to setTimeout share the same i instances. In the browser that supports the standards (not IE) you could have:

setTimeout(callback, loadDelay, i);

See: http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/timers.html#timers

Otherwise you have to actually bind the argument to the function:

setTimeout(callback.bind(undefined, i), loadDelay);

See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function/bind

If the browser doesn't support ES5 bind method, you can either implement the shim present in the link above, or manually doing something like:

setTimeout(function(index){
    return function() { callback(index) }
}(i), loadDelay);

But I would say it's more readable using bind and it's worthy to implement the shim. You can actually use this: https://github.com/kriskowal/es5-shim

To add es5 capabilities (where is possible) in the browser that don't support es5 natively.