At the moment of writing this the best solution is WebRTC. It is supported in Chrome, Mozilla and Opera, but still unavaialble in Internet Explorer and Safari.
Minimalistic demo.
Index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<video></video>
<script src="webcam.js"></script>
</body>
webcam.js
(function () {
navigator.getMedia = (navigator.getUserMedia || navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia);
navigator.getMedia(
// constraints
{video:true, audio:false},
// success callback
function (mediaStream) {
var video = document.getElementsByTagName('video')[0];
video.src = window.URL.createObjectURL(mediaStream);
video.play();
},
//handle error
function (error) {
console.log(error);
})
})();
Read more here or there
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