javascript - What is the difference between "event loop queue" and "job queue"?

Question

I can not understand how the following code run. Why "1" is after "b" but "h" is after "3"? Should'n the order is: a, b, 1, 2, h, 3? Some article said that the difference between "event loop queue" and "job queue" leads to following output. But how? I have read the specification of ECMAScript 2015 - 8.4 Jobs and Job Queues, wanting to know how Promise'job works, but it makes me more confused. Can someone help me? Thank you!

var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {resolve(1)});
promise.then(function(resolve) {console.log(1)});
console.log('a');
promise.then(function(resolve) {console.log(2);});
setTimeout(function() {console.log('h')}, 0);
promise.then(function(resolve) {console.log(3)});
console.log('b');

// a
// b
// 1
// 2
// 3
// h

I know Promise is asynchronous, but the callback of setTimeout(..) asynchronous operation is always after Promise's asynchronous operation. Why?

Answer 1

Why "1" is after "b"?

By promise specification, all promise .then() handlers are called asynchronously AFTER the current thread of JS has run to completion. Thus, both a and b which are executed synchronously as part of the current JS will execute before any .then() handlers so 1 will always be after a and b.

Some interesting reading: Tasks, microtasks, queues and schedules and What is the order of execution in javascript promises and Writing a JavaScript framework - Execution timing, beyond setTimeout.

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There's some good advice here in this thread:Promises wiggle their way between nextTick and setImmediate:

I would not recommend relying on the exact execution order of non-chained events. If you want to control the execution order — rearrange the callbacks in a way so that the one that you want to be executed later depends on the one that you want to be executed earlier, or implement a queue (that does the same behind the hood).

In other words, if you depend upon a particular timing of asynchronous events, then you should actually chain them in your code so one must happen after the other via your code rather than relying on unspecified scheduling in the implementation.